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The David Rubenstein Show: Satya Nadella

310 段 · 2 位说话人 · 原片 24:03
M1
M10:04

你现在得接着 Bill Gates 和 Steve Ballmer 的班,他们可是两位传奇人物。

You've now had to follow Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, 2 legendary figures.
M2
M20:07

他们传达得很明确:别试着学我们。

Their clear message was, don't try to be like us.
M1
M10:11

Steve 说过吗,要是你把这事做好了,我们会很高兴?

Did Steve say, if you do this well, we'll be happy?
M2
M20:14

你干得好,也许还能再有一份工作。

Look, if you do a good job, maybe you'll have another job.

要是干不好,就没有。

If not, you won't.
M1
M10:18

有同理心这件事,最后让你成了更好的 CEO。

The result of having empathy made you a better CEO.
M2
M20:21

我的追求就是,看看我对周围人的同理心是不是在变强。

My pursuit is, is there a growing sense of empathy for people around me?
M1
M10:25

大家会起立为你做过的事鼓掌吗?

Do you get a standing ovation for what you've done?
M2
M20:28

不会,很多人倒是会问我,嘿,回家帮我修下电脑。

No, I get a lot of people asking me, hey, look, go come home and fix my computer.
M1
M10:34

请你把领带整理一下,好吗?

Would you fix your tie, please?

嗯,要是我的领带整理好了,别人就认不出我了,不过好吧。

Well, people wouldn't recognize me if my tie was fixed, but okay.

就这样吧。

Just leave it this way.

好。

All right.

我不觉得自己是记者,别人也不会觉得我是记者。

I don't consider myself a journalist, and nobody else would consider me a journalist.

我开始过起了采访者的生活,尽管我白天还有份工作,是在管一家 private equity 公司。

I began to take on the life of being an interviewer even though I have a day job running a private equity firm.

你怎么定义 leadership?

How do you define leadership?

是什么让一个人真正有动力、能转起来?

What is it that makes somebody tick?

你现在得接着 Bill Gates 和 Steve Ballmer 的班,他们可是两位传奇人物。

You've now had to follow Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, 2 legendary figures.

当时你觉得自己真的已经准备好接这些传奇人物的班了吗,还是你在想,嘿,我能干得比他们更好吗?

Did you feel at that time that you were really ready for the job following those legends, or were you saying, hey, I can do a better job than they did?
M2
M21:24

Bill 和 Steve 给我的最好建议,我觉得帮了我很多,因为他们说得很明确:别试着学我们。

The best advice I got from both Bill and Steve, I think, helped me a lot because their clear message was, don't try to be like us.

甚至都别费劲去说,哦,我是在接替这些人。

Don't even bother to sort of say, oh, I'm succeeding these people.

就做你自己。

Just be your own.

其实我记得特别清楚,哪怕是在面试过程中,这还是 board 在主持的时候,他们问我,嘿,你想当 CEO 吗?

In fact, I remember very distinctly, even during the interview process, this is for the board was conducting, they asked me, hey, do you want to be the CEO?

我说,只有在你们希望我当 CEO 的时候,我才会当。

And I said, only if you want me to be the CEO.

他们给我的反馈是,嗯,可那些想当 CEO 的人都会说,我就是想当 CEO。

And the feedback I got was, well, but people who want to be CEOs are like, I want to be CEO.

我说,听着,那不是我。

I said, look, that's not me.

我记得我后来去跟 Steve 聊,他说,对,就做你自己。

And I remember going and talking to Steve, and he says, yeah, just be yourself.

已经来不及改了。

It's too late to change.
M1
M12:09

自从你当 CEO 以来,已经三年半了,股价涨了大概——我猜是 120% 左右。

Since you've been the CEO, 3 and a half years, the stock is up about—I guess it's about 120%.

你去参加年度股东大会的时候,会有人起立为你做过的事鼓掌吗?

When you go to your annual shareholder meetings, do you get a standing ovation for what you've done?
M2
M22:20

没有,很多人都问我,嘿,听着,回家帮我修电脑吧。

No, I get a lot of people asking me, hey, look, come home and fix my computer.

好。

Okay.
M1
M12:27

你是印度人。

You are a native of India.

印度哪个地方?

What part of India?
M2
M22:31

我出生在 Hyderabad,印度中部的一个地方。

I was born in Hyderabad, which is in the central part of India.
M1
M12:36

所以你小时候,我猜,你父母一定很宠你吧。

And so growing up, your parents doted on you, I assume.
M2
M22:40

对,他们是。

Yeah, they did.
M1
M12:41

他们还跟你说,你将来会当 prime minister,或者在这个国家成就一番大事。

And they told you you were going to be prime minister or something important in the country.

他们希望你成为什么?

What did they want you to be?
M2
M22:47

他们只是想让我别再打 cricket 了。

They just wanted me to stop playing cricket.

然后把学习稍微放在心上点。

And take my studies a little more seriously.
M1
M12:50

现在,你以前是个很痴迷的 cricket 选手。

Now, you were an avid cricket player.

对吗?

Is that right?
M2
M22:53

对,没错。

Yes, that is correct.

我那时候特别喜欢它,真的。

I was in love with it, yeah.
M1
M12:55

那你是什么时候意识到,自己不会成为职业 cricket 选手的?

And when did you realize you weren't going to be a professional cricket player?
M2
M22:59

很快。

Pretty soon.

我很快就意识到,顶多我也就是打到在 India 可能算是 first-class cricket 的水平。

Quickly I realized that at best I would play what is considered perhaps first-class cricket in India.

但我不会再往上走太远了。

But I was not going to go much further than that.

不过也正是那时候,我爸爸,实际上我还记得,改变我人生的一个重大决定就是,你知道,回头看,我当时的整个眼界都特别地方化,就是,嘿,我想留在 Hyderabad,也许学 economics 和 political science,然后去银行工作。

But that's when my dad, in fact, I remember one of the big decisions that changed my life was, you know, my entire outlook was so provincial when I look back at it, which is, hey, I want to stay in Hyderabad, maybe study economics and political science and work for a bank.

我的雄心大概也就到这个程度了。

That was about the extent of my ambition.

他看着我说,你在干什么?

And he looks at me and he says, what are you doing?

你得离开这个地方。

You've got to get out of this place.

所以他把我推出去,让我去读 engineering school,当然,这后来基本上就决定了我之后的人生轨迹。

And so he pushed me out to get to an engineering school, and that pretty much, of course, you know, defined the trajectory afterwards.
M1
M13:42

你父亲是 senior civil service 的成员,我想这在 India 应该是个很重要的职位。

Your father was a member of the senior civil service, which is an important position, I guess, in India.

对吗?

Is that right?
M2
M23:48

对,我爸和我很不一样,尤其是在,怎么说呢,他的学术天赋这方面。

Yeah, my dad was a very different guy than me in terms of, let me say, his academic prowess.

所以这事儿一直挺好笑的,就是你看我的成绩单,他会说,哦,我真是——我不明白怎么会有人考出这种分数。

So it is always humorous, which is you look at my report cards and he says, oh, I couldn't - I don't understand how anybody can have these kinds of marks.

但好在他会用特别让人舒服的方式说出来,所以从来不会让我觉得难受。

But the nice thing about it was he would say it in such endearing ways that it never made me feel bad.
M1
M14:10

你的意思是,分数不够高,还是说不够……

You mean the marks weren't high enough or weren't...
M2
M24:12

不够高。

Not high enough.
M1
M14:13

他们的分数不够高。

They weren't high enough.
M2
M24:13

因为,是啊,那家伙考试从来就没有不拿高分的时候。

Because, yeah, the guy had never met an exam he didn't ace.

按他自己的说法就是这样,所以我当时很惊讶,他居然会有一个考试考不好的儿子。

As he would say, and so he was--it was astounding to me that he would have a son who couldn't ace an exam.
M1
M14:24

现在你父亲还健在。

Now your father is still alive.

是的,而且他一定为你取得的成就感到非常骄傲。

Yes, and he must be very proud of what you've achieved.
M2
M24:28

还不够。

Not enough.
M1
M14:31

所以你是在印度上的大学,然后你决定去美国读研究生。

So you went to college in India, and then you decided to go to graduate school in the United States.

那你去了哪里?

So where did you go?
M2
M24:38

我去了 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,读计算机科学硕士。

I went to the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee for my master's in computer science.

就是那时候,我从电气工程转到了计算机科学。

That's when I switched from electrical engineering to computer science.
M1
M14:44

但是你人在印度的时候,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 在印度应该没那么有名,那你是怎么最后去那里的?

But when you're in India, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee can't be that well known in India, so how did you happen to wind up there?
M2
M24:50

说实话,我以前最远也就到过 Bombay 以西,然后我就到了 Milwaukee。

I'd never been west of Bombay, quite frankly, and then I showed up in Milwaukee.
M1
M14:55

你有冬天的大衣吗,还是你怎么--

Did you have a winter coat or what did you--
M2
M24:57

那是我人生中第一件特别值钱的东西,一件冬大衣,这真的很重要。

That was my first very valued possession in life, a winter coat, which is very important.

不幸的是,我在印度上大学时养成了抽烟这个坏习惯,而去 Milwaukee 上学有一个好处就是,如果你是烟民,冬天你就得出去抽烟。

Unfortunately, I'd picked up this bad habit of smoking in India in college, and the one nice thing about going to school in Milwaukee is you, if you're a smoker, you had to go out in the winter and smoke.

而在 Milwaukee 的那一个冬天,把我的烟瘾给戒掉了。

And that one winter in Milwaukee cured me of my smoking habit.
M1
M15:18

所以你毕业后在 Sun Microsystems 找到了一份工作。

So you got a job after you graduated at Sun Microsystems.

你在那里做什么?

And what was your job there?
M2
M25:24

我是软件开发人员。

I was a software developer.
M1
M15:27

然后你被招募去了一家叫 Microsoft 的公司。

And then you got recruited to go to another company called Microsoft.

那是在 1992 年吗?

And that was in 1992?
M2
M25:33

对。

That's right.
M1
M15:33

不过,你也申请了去 University of Chicago School of Business 读书。

So, but you also had applied to go to the University of Chicago School of Business.

那你是怎么决定二选一的。

So how did you decide to do one or the other.
M2
M25:40

你知道,说实话,David,我当时非常坚定地想,哦,我要去商学院。

You know, quite frankly, David, I was very committed to saying, oh, I want to go to the business school.

也许,谁知道呢,也许甚至去 Wall Street。

Maybe, who knows, maybe even go to Wall Street.

那大概就是我的--

That was sort of my--
M1
M15:49

人类最高的追求,对吧?

The highest calling of mankind, right?
M2
M25:54

这是 David Rubenstein 说的。

Says David Rubenstein.

然后我就想,哇,也许那就是我该做的事。

And I thought, wow, maybe that's what I should do.

后来在某个时候,我开始和别人聊,他们说,嘿,你为什么要那么做呢?

And then somewhere along the lines, I started talking to people and they said, hey, why would you do that?

你在科技行业,你真的应该回来。

You're in tech and you should really come back.

那是个很棒的时期,因为 Windows NT,也就是后来变成了我们的 server business 之类的业务,才刚刚起步。

It was it's an amazing time because Windows NT, which eventually became our server business and what have you, was just starting out.

后来我又去上一些半工半读之类的课程,最后真的把 MBA 读完了,我自己都觉得这件事很惊人。

And I subsequently went and did some combination of part-time and other courses and actually finished my MBA, which I find stunning in my life.
M1
M16:26

所以也就是说,你是在通勤,对吧。

So you were commuting, in other words.

你一边工作,一边周末还要通勤去 University of Chicago。

You were working and then on weekends you're commuting to the University of Chicago.

这两件事同时做,肯定要花很多精力,对吧?

And that must have taken a lot of energy to do both, right?
M2
M26:33

哦,那简直疯狂。

Oh, it was crazy.
M1
M16:34

所以你一边开始往上走,一边又在处理一些个人问题。

So you're beginning your ascent up, but you're dealing with some personal issues.

你的第一个孩子出生时得了 cerebral palsy。

Your first child was born with cerebral palsy.

他现在 21 岁了。

He is now 21 years old.

那你是怎么意识到这会改变你的人生的?你又是怎么应对这个问题的?

So how did you realize that was going to change your life, and how have you dealt with that issue?
M2
M26:49

是啊,Zane,我们的儿子出生的时候,我才 29 岁。

Yeah, even I was 29 years old when Zane, our son, was born.

如果你甚至在他出生前大概一个小时问我,我脑子里在想什么,我想的全都是,哦,婴儿房准备好了吗?

And if you had even asked me maybe even an hour before he was born what was going through my head, it was all about, oh, is the nursery going to be ready?

现在有了儿子,我们的周末会变成什么样?

What's going to happen to our weekends now we have a son?

还有 Anu,我太太,什么时候会回去上班,等等。

And when will Anu, my wife, get back to her job, and so on.

但显然,那一晚一切都变了。

But obviously everything changed that night.

他出生是因为在子宫里没有被发现的 distress,窒息,造成了严重脑损伤,后来就导致了 cerebral palsy,现在他是 quadriplegic。

He was born because of an undetected in utero distress, asphyxiation, with severe brain damage, and that led to cerebral palsy, and he's quadriplegic now.

头一开始,我想说,David,甚至接下来 2 年多,我更多是在想,为什么这种事会发生在我身上?

The first, I would say, David, maybe even 2 years or more even, I was more about like, why did this happen to me?

到底发生了什么?

What happened to us?

我原来所有的计划,现在全都被打乱、被改掉了。

And all of these plans that I had are now all being thrown up in the air and changed.

而 Anu,我太太,作为母亲,她很自然的反应是,她说,行,我不回去上班了。

Whereas Anu, my wife, what came naturally to her as a mother was she said, okay, I'm not going back to my job.

我要真正照顾我的儿子,带着他到处跑,做完一个又一个 therapy。

I'm going to really care for my son, drive him around for the, you know, therapy after therapy.

我看着这一切。

And I watched that.

不用她来教我,我自己就明白了,出事的不是我。

Without schooling me, I got schooled that nothing happened to me.

出事的是我的儿子。

What happened was to my son.

我该做的,是花时间去理解这一点,认识这一点,用他的眼光看待生活,然后尽到一个父亲的责任。

And that it was time for me to understand that, realize that, see life through his eyes, and then do my duty as a father.

对我来说,这大概不是在某一个瞬间发生的。

That to me perhaps, you know, didn't come in one moment.

我觉得这是花了时间才慢慢明白的,但当我想通之后,它改变了我,不只是作为一个父母,也改变了今天的我,以及我看待一切事情的方式。

It's something that I think took time, but as I figured it out, it changed me both as obviously a parent, but also who I am today and how I approach everything.
M1
M18:40

现在,你太太是学建筑出身的。

Now, your wife was trained as an architect.
M2
M28:41

没错。

That's right.
M1
M18:42

而且她有一段时间不做这个了。

And she's given up doing that for a while.
M2
M28:44

没错。

That's right.
M1
M18:44

现在,你有两个女儿。

Now, you have two daughters.

你有一个女儿也有很严重的学习障碍,这对你和你太太有什么影响?

One of your daughters has severe learning disabilities as well, and how did that affect you and your wife?
M2
M28:52

实际上,因为我们的儿子,我们建立起了一个很大的社区,不管是治疗师,还是其他那些有孩子有残障的父母,你知道的。

In fact, one of the things that happened because of our son was we built up a tremendous community of people, whether it was the therapists or other parents with, you know, children with disabilities.

所以我们也一直参与在那个社区里。

And so we were involved in that community.

等到我们最小的女儿来到我们生活里时,我必须说,我们已经有了这个社区的丰富支持来帮助我们。

By the time our youngest daughter came into our lives, I must say we had the richness of this community to support us.

而且很早的时候,我们,Anu 和我,尤其是 Anu,很快就意识到她会需要额外的帮助。

And it turned, when we recognized very early on, Anu and I, and Anu in particular was very quick to realize that she will need additional help.

于是我们找到了一所学校,其实是在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的 Vancouver,那所学校完全围绕 neuroplasticity。

And so we found this school actually in Vancouver, B.C., which was all around neuroplasticity.

它的理念是,你可以训练你的大脑去学习,而不是去做补偿。

The idea was to, you can train your brain to learn, so instead of compensating.

所以我们决定,你知道吗,我们要把全家搬到 Vancouver。

And so we decided that, you know what, we're going to move the family to Vancouver.

Zain 会跟我留在 Seattle。

Zain was going to stay with me in Seattle.

我的女儿们和我太太会住在 Vancouver。

My daughters and my wife were going to live in Vancouver.

我们周末再来回通勤。

We were going to commute again over the weekends.
M1
M19:56

对。

Right.
M2
M29:57

但说实话,事情之所以会这么自然地发生在我们身上,是因为从某种意义上说,Zain 已经教会了我们,要怎么才能给残障人士最好的机会。

But the thing that, quite honestly, that is where it came all naturally to us because in some sense Zain had taught us what it takes to give, you know, people with disabilities the best shot.

所以你知道,这就是我们接下来承担下来的事情。

And so, you know, it's something that we took on.
M1
M110:14

你儿子现在和你住在一起。

And your son lives with you now.
M2
M210:16

对。

Yes.
M1
M110:17

你说你从这些经历里得到的一个品质是 empathy,而拥有 empathy 的结果,是让你成了一个更好的 CEO,也成了一个更好的人。

And one of the qualities that you say you got from all this was empathy and that the result of having empathy made you a better CEO and a better person.

这说得对吗?

Is that fair?
M2
M210:27

对。

Yeah.

其实,当我看待 empathy 时,大多数人会觉得 empathy 只是你留给自己的生活、你的家人、你的朋友,或者诸如此类的东西。

In fact, when I look at empathy, and most people think empathy is just something that you reserve for your life and your family and your friends or what have you.

但现实是,我觉得它对一家企业来说,是一个关乎生存的优先事项。

But the reality is I think it's an existential priority for a business.

因为你看,我们的业务到底是什么?

Because if you look at it, what is our business?

我们的业务,就是去满足客户那些未被满足、也没有被明确说出来的需求。

Our business is to meet unmet unarticulated needs of customers.

如果我们不去倾听,就不可能产生那种创新,去满足这些未被满足、未被明确表达的需求。

There is no way our innovation to meet unmet, unarticulated needs is going to come about if we don't listen.

不只是听他们说了什么,而是更深入地去理解这些话背后真正的需求是什么。

Not just listen to the words, but go deep to understand what the needs are behind it.
M1
M111:06

对。

Right.
M2
M211:06

所以我觉得,empathy 是创新的核心。

So I think empathy is core to innovation.

而人生的经历,如果你去倾听、去从中学习,它会教会你很多东西。

And life's experience, if you listen and you learn from it, teaches you.

我的意思是,像我也一直在说的那样,我不会说自己天生就有什么与生俱来的 empathy。

I mean, I wouldn't claim, as I've sort of even talked about it, any innate capability of empathy that I was born with.

如果真要说,那也是生活教会了我。

If anything, it's life that has taught me.

而且如果一定要说,我每年的追求都是,自己对周围人的 empathy 有没有在增加。

And if anything, my pursuit is every year, is there a growing sense of empathy for people around me?
M1
M111:33

Steve 说过吗,如果你把这个做好,我们会很高兴。

Did Steve say, if you do this well, we'll be happy.

如果你做得不好,你可能就不会再有下一份工作?

If you don't do it well, you might not get another job?
M2
M211:38

Bill 和 Steve 身上很厉害的一点,就是他们特别坦率。

One of the things that is amazing about Bill and Steve is their candor.

他们不会把什么东西都粉饰得很好听。

It's not like they sugarcoat anything.

对于生活里的大多数事情,或者说生活里的每一件事,他们都非常非常诚实。

They're very, very honest about most things in life or everything in life.

他们会把话说得很明白,听着,如果你干得好,也许你会有下一份工作。

And they would sort of make it clear, look, if you do a good job, maybe you'll have another job.

如果不行,那就没有。

If not, you won't.
M1
M112:05

你在 Microsoft 一路往上走,有一阵子你负责 business solutions 部门,可后来他们跟你说,我们希望你去负责那个叫 Bing 的 search 业务。

You're rising up in Microsoft, you're running the business solutions division at one point, but then they said to you, we'd like you to run the search business called Bing.

你当时是说,你没法跟 Google 竞争,我不想干这个,还是说,不,我很乐意做这个?

And did you say, you can't compete against Google, I don't wanna do that, or did you say, no, I'm happy to do that?
M2
M212:20

你知道,那时候我刚刚被提拔去领导我们的 business solutions 团队,我当时真的很喜欢那份工作。

You know, it was -- I had just been promoted to lead our business solutions team, and I mean, I was loving that job.

那是我一直想做的事情。

It's something that I'd aspired to do.

然后 Steve 过来跟我说,嘿,你知道吗?

And Steve comes around and he says, hey, you know what?

我给你想了个点子。

I have an idea for you.

我觉得你应该去带这个团队,他们流失率很高,而且我们前面有一项非常艰巨的任务。

I think you should go run this group that's got high attrition and we have a very tough task ahead.

我也不知道这是不是一个好的职业选择,但我需要帮忙,你得仔细想想,然后做个选择。

And I don't know whether it's a good career move, but I need help and think wisely and choose.

我当时就想,哇,这摆在我面前的,是个很有意思的选择。

And I was like, wow, this is an interesting choice in front of me.

我记得特别清楚,那天晚上我去了 Bing 团队和我们 search 团队所在的那栋楼。

And I remember very distinctly, I remember going that night to the building in which the Bing team and our search team was housed.

那时候大概是晚上 9 点左右吧?

And it was what, maybe 9 o'clock or so?

停车场都满了,里面很多人都在加班。

And the parking lot was full, people were in.

我就说,哇,这是什么情况?

And I said, wow, what's the deal here?

我的意思是,这些人就是在认真干活,而且很受鼓舞。

I mean, these people are like working and inspired.

所以我就说,哇,我得加入这个团队。

And so I said, wow, I gotta join this team.

他们表现出来的那种拼劲,让我没有走那条轻松的路,而是选择加入进去。

The fight that they showed caused me to not take the easy path and get in.
M1
M113:37

好。

Okay.

那 Steve 说过吗,如果你把这件事做好了,我们会很高兴。

Well, did Steve say, if you do this well, we'll be happy.

如果你做得不好,你可能就拿不到下一份工作了?

If you don't do it well, you might not get another job?
M2
M213:42

没错。

That's correct.

那就是,Steve 的一件很了不起的地方,还有 Bill,也是他们都很坦诚。

That was, you know, Steve was one of the things that is amazing about both Bill and Steve is their candor.

他们不会给任何事情加糖衣。

It's not like they sugarcoat anything.

他们对生活里大多数事情,或者说对生活里的所有事情,都非常非常诚实。

They're very, very honest about most things in life or everything in life.

他们基本上就是很直接地说,听着,如果你干得好,也许你会有下一份工作。

And they were sort of very, look, if you do a good job, maybe you'll have another job.

如果没有,那就没有。

If not, you won't.
M1
M114:01

所以你干得相当不错。

So you did a pretty good job.

然后他们又来找你,让你去负责另一项业务,那时这项业务还没那么有竞争,也就是你的 cloud computing 业务。

And then they came along and asked you to run another business, which was not that competitive at the time, and that was your cloud computing business.

为什么 Amazon,某种程度上说它并不是一家 computer company,却成了 cloud 领域的巨头,而 Microsoft 明明就在旁边,却没能在那一块成为巨头?

How did it happen that Amazon, which was not a computer company more or less, became a giant in cloud and Microsoft right nearby wasn't a giant there?
M2
M214:20

有意思的是,一家公司成功之后会发生什么。

The interesting thing is what happens when a company becomes successful.

成功是一种很美的良性循环,它会在你的概念或者产品、你的能力,还有你的文化之间建立起来,对吧?

Success is this beautiful virtuous cycle that gets created between your concept or product, your capability, and your culture, right?

这三样东西真的会全部进入正轨,而且运转得特别好。

You really have all these three things fall into gear and they're working super well.

但接下来发生的是,让你成功的那个概念开始没油了。

But then what happens is the concept that made you successful runs out of gas.

它已经不再增长了。

It's not growing anymore.

你现在需要新的能力,而要拥有那种新的能力,你就需要一种允许你去发展这种新能力的文化。

You now need new capability, and in order to have that new capability, you need a culture that allows you to grow that new capability.

我们的 server 业务一直在强劲地保持两位数增长。

Our server business was growing strong double digits.

那是一门高利润业务。

It was a high-margin business.

而你再看看账本的另一边,这里有一门利润很低的业务,叫 cloud,大家会看着它说,我们为什么要做这个?

And you look around on the other side of the ledger, here is a very low-margin business called the cloud, and people will look at that and say, why would we do that?

对。

Right.

明明我们已经有这么棒、增长这么快、利润这么高的业务?

When we have such an amazing, fast-growing, high-margin business?

我想,这就是挑战。

And that, I think, is the challenge.

所以,能不能在那些趋势还远远没变成主流共识之前,就提前看见它们,改变你的商业模式,改变你的技术,也改变你的产品,这就是 business 的挑战。

And so to be able to see these secular trends long before they become conventional wisdom, change your business model, change your technology, and change the product is the challenge of business.

你知道,在 tech 里,这种东西是很残酷的。

You know, in tech, it's unforgiving.

但说到底,现在 tech 已经成了每一家企业的一部分,我觉得我们所有人都得面对这个问题。

But quite frankly, now that tech is part of every business, I think all of us have to deal with it.
M1
M115:43

所以你就成了这家公司的 CEO。

So you get to be the CEO of this company.

你是在接替两位传奇人物。

You're following two legendary figures.

你怎么跟他们说,顺便讲一句,你们以前做的很多事,我不想再做了。

How do you go to them and say, by the way, a lot of things you did, I don't want to do anymore.

我要改东西。

I'm going to change things.
M2
M215:52

我是个十足的圈内人,对吧?

I was a consummate insider, right?

我在公司里待了25年,差不多22年的时候,我成了CEO,就一直在 Bill 和 Steve 打造的这家公司里成长起来。

I spent 25 years, 22 years or so when I became CEO, growing up in the company that Bill and Steve built.

那些我们做对的事,我都了如指掌,

I understood like the back of my hand all the things we got right.

那些我们做错的事,我也一样清楚。

And all the things we got wrong.

而且如果我真要当CEO,我对自己想做什么也已经有了想法。

And I had a point of view on what I wanted to do if I was going to become CEO.

我们现在需要让 Microsoft 在一个 mobile-first、cloud-first 的世界里继续蓬勃发展。

We now need to make Microsoft thrive in a mobile-first and a cloud-first world.

这不是为了批评我们的过去,也不是为了歌颂过去。

It was not about trying to criticize our past or praise the past.

而是为了看我们未来要做什么。

It was about what do we do in the future.
M1
M116:27

你在改变文化时,想做的一件事,就是改变 Microsoft 一贯被认为非常封闭、很强调自有体系的文化。

One of the things you tried to do in changing the culture was to change what was known as a very proprietary culture at Microsoft.

Microsoft 一直说,这就是我们的做事方式。

Microsoft said, this is the way we do things.

我们并不一定想和别的公司合作,不管是竞争对手,还是其他类型的公司。

We don't want to cooperate with other firms necessarily, competitors or other kinds of firms.

你是怎么改变这种文化的?

How did you change that culture?
M2
M216:42

我说,听着,我不要把事情看成零和。

I said, look, let me not view things as zero-sum.

更进一步说,我甚至愿意去面对那些传统竞争对手,跟他们说,客户是多样化的。

If anything, let me approach even who are our traditional competitors and say, well, customers are heterogeneous.

他们会用我们的一部分产品,也会用你们的一部分产品。

They use some of what we do and some of what you do.

我们来想办法把力量结合起来,既能扩大市场,也能满足客户。

Let's figure out a way to combine forces where it's market expansive and it satisfies customers.

所以至少我是这么做的。

So at least that's how I've approached it.

而这也是我在 Microsoft 早期学到的一课。

And it's a lesson I learned in my early days at Microsoft.
M1
M117:05

从历史上看,Windows 和 Office 一直是你们的两大现金牛。

Historically, Windows and Office were your two cash cows.

它们到现在还是最大的利润来源吗?

They are still the biggest source of profit?
M2
M217:12

当然。

Absolutely.
M1
M117:13

所以在这两个之后,你也觉得它们在很长一段时间里都会是主要利润来源。

So after those two, and you suspect they'll be a major source of profit for a long time.
M2
M217:17

当然。

Absolutely.
M1
M117:18

不过在那之后,你们还有别的业务。

But after that, you have other things.

你们花了260亿美元,这是 Microsoft 历史上最大的一笔收购,买下了 LinkedIn。

You spent $26 billion, biggest acquisition ever for Microsoft, to buy LinkedIn.

LinkedIn 跟 Microsoft 有什么关系?

What does LinkedIn have to do with Microsoft?
M2
M217:28

你看,我们有10亿用户在用 Windows 和 Office,或者 Microsoft 365。

If you look at it, we have a billion users of Windows and Office, or Microsoft 365.

那它们之间的共同点是什么?

And what is the common thread there?

他们都是专业人士。

They're all professionals.

他们都是想把事情做成的人。

They're all people who are trying to get things done.

所以我们有面向专业人士的云和面向专业人士的设备,遍布世界各地。

So we have the professional cloud and the professional devices in the world.

而当时的设想,就是把这和 LinkedIn 的专业网络结合起来。

And the vision was to combine that with the professional network of LinkedIn.

其实,如果你看一下我们后来推出的一些集成功能,你人在 Outlook 里就可以。

In fact, if you look at some of the integrations that we have since launched, you can be in Outlook.

你可以收到一封邮件。

You can get an email.

我可以收到 David Rubenstein 发来的邮件。

I can get an email from David Rubenstein.

我可以去查你的 LinkedIn 主页,我希望你是有的。

I can go look up your LinkedIn profile, which I hope you have.
M1
M118:06

我今天就去注册一个,不过是的。

I'll get one today, but yes.
M2
M218:09

然后再把我们可能共有的所有共同联系人也查一查。

And then sort of look up all of the mutual connections we may have.

所以我觉得,把专业网络和专业内容结合起来,这个想法,最终会成为提升生产力的一个大推动力。

So the idea that the professional network and the professional content can be brought together, I think ultimately can be a big driver of productivity.

所以这是一个方面。

So that is one.

不过,对我们来说,另一个真正改变局面的部分是,LinkedIn 是人们做 B2B 销售的方式。

But one of the other pieces which has been a real game changer for us is LinkedIn is the way people do business-to-business sales.

如果你想接触客户并完成销售,这种集成会带来颠覆性的变化。

And if you want to be able to reach customers and sell, this integration is going to be game-changing.

人才管理也是一样。

Same thing with talent management.

所以我觉得,我们现在能看到很多产品之间的协同效应,正在逐步显现出来。

So I think we have lots of synergies between the products that are now coming through.
M1
M118:48

你发表过一段关于女性薪酬的说法。

You gave a statement about women's pay.
M2
M218:52

我刚才给了一个完全不着边际的回答。

I just gave such an absolute nonsensical answer.

当我和那些离我很近的女性交流时,那些在 Microsoft 里很资深、很成功、也很关键的女性,我听到她们自己的亲身经历时,我才真正意识到这一点。

When I talked to women who are very close to me, very senior, very successful women that are key to Microsoft, and heard even their own personal experiences, that's when it struck me.
M1
M119:05

你是从你妻子那里听说这件事的吗?

Did you hear from your wife about that?
M2
M219:07

当然。

Absolutely.

我妈妈和我妻子。

My mom and my wife.
M1
M119:17

在你担任 CEO 之后的这三年半里,你几乎做的每件事都非常顺利。

Almost everything you've done since you've been CEO the last 3 and a half years has worked perfectly.

股价涨了,市值也涨了,大家都喜欢你。

The stock is up, the market value is up, everybody likes you.

我唯一能找到、别人批评过你的地方,就是你曾经在某个时候发表过一段关于女性薪酬的说法,而且我觉得,你第二天就正确地改变了立场。

The only thing that I could find that anybody criticized you for was you gave a statement about women's pay at one point, and you correctly, I think, changed your position the next day.

但你能解释一下当时发生了什么吗?

But can you explain what happened?
M2
M219:40

当然。

Absolutely.

有人问我关于薪酬公平的问题。

I was asked about pay equity.

其实,我刚才给了一个完全不着边际的回答。Maria Klawe 当时在采访我,她很好心,在台上就当场纠正了我,因为我回答那个问题时,完全是用了一些过去的东西,也就是我自己的个人经历,却没有理解那个问题更大的背景,也没有理解它的深度。那个问题其实是在问,像我这样一个公司 CEO,正在做些什么,来确保第一,女性能够充分参与到我们的公司和我们的经济中来。

In fact, I just gave such an absolute nonsensical answer, which Maria Klawe, who was interviewing me, was kind enough to correct me while I was on stage itself because I was answering a question literally using some past, I mean, my own personal experience without understanding the broader context, the depth of that question, which is what is a person like me who is a CEO of a company doing to make sure that one, women can fully participate in our companies and in our economies.

同工同酬。

There is equal pay for equal work.

更重要的是,同样的工作要有平等的机会。

And more importantly, there is equal opportunity for equal work.
M1
M120:29

嗯。

Mm-hm.
M2
M220:30

那才是真正的问题。

That was the real question.

那不是在问,像是,好吧,什么对你有用,你有什么职业建议给我?

It was not about, like, OK, what worked for you, and what career advice do you have for me?

这对我来说是个很好的学习时刻。

It was a great learning moment for me.

这也是我显然已经带回去的一件事。

It's something that I've obviously taken back.

实际上,当我和那些离我很近、级别很高、非常成功的女性交谈时,她们对 Microsoft 非常重要,我听到她们自己的亲身经历时,我才突然意识到,CEO 这个角色,尤其是要确保每个人,不管是性别多元化还是族裔多元化,都能先进入公司,发挥出最好的工作表现,这样我们才能服务好客户。

In fact, when I talk to women who are very close to me, very senior, very successful women, that are key to Microsoft, and heard even their own personal experiences, that's when it struck me how, you know, the job of a CEO in particular is to make sure that everyone, whether it's gender diversity or ethnic diversity, can first come into the company, do their best work, so that we can then serve our customers.

所以这是一个认识——

So that's a realization—.
M1
M121:10

对。

Right.
M2
M221:11

说实话,我原本以为我已经明白了。

Which I thought I had, quite frankly.

但我很庆幸自己那么公开地犯了这个错,因为我觉得我把这些教训真正内化了。

But I was, I'm glad I messed up so publicly because I think I internalized the lessons from it.
M1
M121:19

你妻子也跟你说过这件事吗?

Did you hear from your wife about that?

当然。

Absolutely.
M2
M221:22

当时我妈妈还在世,是我妈妈和我妻子跟我说的。

From at that time my mom was alive, from my mom and my wife.

我妻子因为我们的儿子,不得不放弃她的事业。

My wife had to give up her career because of our son.

但就连在我妈妈的情况里,她也很挣扎。

But in my, even in my mom's case, she struggled.

其实我现在比小时候更能意识到这一点,她不得不做出的那个取舍,就是她所处的那个体系,在她有了我和我妹妹之后,并不支持她重返职场。

She in fact, now I realize it a lot more than I even did obviously growing up, was the trade-off she had to make where the system that she was working in did not support her reentry into the workforce after, you know, she had both me and my sister.
M1
M121:52

所以你们大概有 12.5 万名员工,差不多是吧?

So you have about 125,000 employees, something like that?

那男性占多少百分比?

So what percentage are male?

女性占多少百分比?

What percentage are female?

你们有多少女性高管?

And how many senior women do you have?

科技行业还不是一个很多女性已经登上顶层的位置。

Technology is not a place where a lot of women have risen to the top yet.

相对来说是这样。

Relatively speaking.
M2
M222:08

实际上,我们已经在女性代表性方面取得了一些不错的进展,不过还有很长的路要走。

In fact, one of the things that we have made some good progress on is on the women's representation, which we have a long way to go.

我的意思是,你得记住,在科技行业,我们面临的问题尤其棘手,因为在性别多元化方面,我们的技术差距特别大。

I mean, you've got to remember that in tech we have a particularly tougher issue because of our technology disparity in terms of gender diversity.

但先说进展吧,过去一年里,我们已经把进入组织的女性比例提高到了 27.7%,比历史水平大约高了 2 个百分点。

But let's start with the progress, which is in the last year we've made we've gone from around, you know, we improved to 27.7% of women coming into the organization, which is around 2 points more than historical levels.
M1
M122:39

对。

Right.
M2
M222:39

在技术岗位这边,我们提高了 4 个百分点。

And in the technology side, where we've improved by 4 points.

所以我会说,这是朝着正确方向在走,但显然还不够。

So that's, I would say, movement in the right direction, but not enough, obviously.

我们董事会做的另一件事,是把我以及我的直属下属的薪酬体系也改了,意思是说,除了我们可能做的所有工作、可能有的项目,还有那些讨论之外,我们甚至要把包括 CEO 在内的最高层管理者的薪酬,和真实的数字进展挂钩。

One of the other things our board also did was to change the compensation system for me as well as my direct reports to say, look, numeric progress, besides all the work that we may do, programs we may have, and the talk, let's even tie compensation of the senior-most people, including the CEO, to real numerical progress.

所以我们正在做所有这些事。

And so we're doing everything.

但说实话,这需要持续的警惕,持续的推动。

But quite frankly, it's going to take continuous vigilance, continuous push.

而且这对我们所有人来说,都是一个最受关注的问题。

And it's a top-of-mind issue for all of us.
M1
M123:22

你才干了三年半,对 Microsoft CEO 来说,这个任期算是相当短的。

You've only been doing this 3 and a half years, which is a relatively short tenure for Microsoft CEOs.

你还想再做多少年?

How many more years would you like to do this?
M2
M223:31

你知道,我在 Microsoft 已经待了 25 年了。

You know, I have been at Microsoft now for 25 years.

我觉得,真正给我带来那种能量的,是这家公司那种使命感。

And I think the thing that I feel that gives me that source of energy is really that sense of purpose of the company.

因为老实说,这件事,我都不知道该怎么给它画个句号。

Because quite honestly, it's not—I don't know how I'll mark it.

我在那儿会待多久,可能甚至都不完全由我来决定。

It's probably not even up to me as to how many years I will be there.

而且我觉得,能每天做这件事,对我来说会很有意思。

And I think it's going to be fun for me to do it each day.

每天都能做这件事,对我来说,真的是一种荣幸。

And it's a real privilege to do it each day.

谢谢。

Thank you.