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2001年股东大会 · 巴芒再谈继任者问题:为什么没有我们的BRK也会很好

52 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:54
M1
M10:00

来自 Oklahoma 州 Claremore 的 Tom Harrison。

Tom Harrison from Claremore, Oklahoma.

两位先生,下午好,也感谢你们带来这么精彩的一个周末。

Good afternoon, gentlemen, and thanks for a wonderful weekend.

这个问题是问 Buffett 先生的。

This question is for Mr. Buffett.

我这个人天性有点悲观,所以我老是反复做一个噩梦:Wall Street Journal 上登出一个大标题,说 Buffett 翘辫子了。

Being somewhat pessimistic by nature, I have a recurrent nightmare of a Wall Street Journal headline proclaiming Buffett kicks the bucket.
M2
M20:19

他们的措辞可能会比这文雅一点,不过总有一天,那个标题是会出现的。

They may phrase it a little more elegantly than that, but someday the headline will be there.
M1
M10:26

当然了,Charlie 也不是小年轻了。

And of course, Charlie's no spring chicken either.

考虑到这些担忧,您能不能比年报里写的内容再更详细一点,谈谈继任的问题?

In light of these concerns, could you please go into a little more detail than that presented in your annual report regarding the succession issue?

也为这个问题这么沉重、这么不吉利,向您道个歉。

And my apologies for the morbid nature of the question.
M2
M20:42

不,这个没必要道歉。

No, there's no reason to apologize.

我的意思是,顺便说一句,这也是我每隔几年都会问我们经理人的一个问题。

I mean, it's a question I ask our managers, incidentally, every couple of years.

大概每两年,我都会给他们写封信,我会说,你今晚要是去世了,那我会希望你明天早上本来该告诉我什么?

About every 2 years, I send them a letter and I say, you know, if you die tonight, what will I wish you had told me tomorrow morning?

因为我也得做同样的决策,而我又不是每天晚上都跟他们聊天,所以我希望他们每隔几年就把自己对这个问题的想法写下来给我:他们觉得谁应该接替他们,或者是不是有好几位候选人,以及各自的优点和缺点是什么。这样我手上就有这些信息可用。

You know, because I have to make that same decision, and I'm not conversing with them every night, so I want them to put in writing to me once every couple of years what they think about the subject, who they think should succeed them, or whether there are several candidates, or what the strengths and weaknesses are, and I have that information available.

而且,你们也完全有资格得到类似的、关于继任安排的回答。

And, you know, you're entitled to the same sort of answer about succession.

这本来就是你们投资这家公司的一部分内容。

It's part of buying into this business.

我可以告诉你,在这件事上,没有人的利益比我更大。

And I can tell you that no one has more of an interest in it than I do.

Charlie 也是一样,因为我们把自己净资产里非常高的比例都放在了这家公司里,而且我们一生的心血

And Charlie has a similar interest because we have a very high percentage of our net worth in the business, plus we've got a lifetime of effort

也都投在了这家公司上。我们希望它能继续成功——对我们两个人来说,大概,至少对我来说,最终的回报会流向我名下的 foundation;但同时也是因为我们就是希望它继续好下去——我们喜欢它到目前为止的发展,我们也想证明,这家公司不是依赖我们这样两个家伙,而是实际上可以制度化地延续下去的。

in the business, and we want it to succeed for both—in our cases, probably, at least in my case, the ultimate reward to the foundation I have, but also because we just want it—we like what's happened so far, and we want to prove that it can—it's not dependent upon a couple of guys like us, but that it can be institutionalized, in effect.

Charlie 和我都知道,将来谁会接替我,接替的大概率会是两个岗位,一个是 marketable securities,一个是 business operations。

And Charlie and I know who will succeed me in what are likely to be 2 jobs, one marketable securities and one business operations.

我非常希望公司的文化能够被保持下去,而且我觉得这种文化已经强大到很难被改变了。

I want to be very sure that the culture is maintained, and I think it's so strong that I think it'd be very hard to change it.

另外,就我持股的情况来说,如果真的有人想去改变它,也是可以被阻止发生的。

But in addition, the stock ownership situation with me is such that it can—if there were any inclination to change it, it can be prevented from happening.

不过我本来也不觉得会发生这种事。

I don't think it would anyway.

至于到底由谁来接替我,那得看我什么时候去世。

Now, in terms of who succeeds me, that depends when I die.

你知道,现在就告诉你们今天会是谁,其实没什么意义。

You know, there's no sense telling you who it would be today.

这么做没有什么好处,而且二十年后也未必还是同一个人。

There'd be no plus to that, and it might not be the same 20 years from now.

我的意思是,二十年前的话,那显然会是 Charlie,但现在因为年龄原因,不会是 Charlie 了,而会是别人。

I mean, 20 years ago, it would have been Charlie, obviously, but it won't be Charlie now because of his age, and it'll be somebody else.

但再过二十年,或者十五年,又可能会是第三个人。

But 20 years from now or 15 years from now might be some third party.

不过我们对继任这件事感觉非常踏实。

But we feel very good about the succession situation.

从持股结构来看,我们对整个组织的稳定性也非常有信心,因为这一点在未来非常非常长的时间里都是有保障的。

We feel very good about the stability of the organization in terms of the stock ownership situation, because that is ensured for a very, very long time to come.

而且,对于现在在岗的这些经理人,以及我们已经建立起来的文化,我们再满意不过了。

We couldn't feel better about the managers we have in place and the culture we have in place.

还有,到时候具体是谁,也一定会公布出来。

And, you know, the individual will be named.

不过我想我以前提过,等他们打开那个信封的时候,虽然信封里的内容,关键的那些人其实早就已经知道了。

I think I've mentioned, though, that when they open that envelope, although the contents of that envelope are already known to the key people.

但是等他们打开那个信封时,第一条指示就是,你知道,先再给我把一下脉。

But when they open that envelope, the first instruction is, you know, take my pulse again.

我的意思是,我不是——不过如果我没通过那个测试,会有一个非常优秀的人顶上。

I mean, I'm not— but if I flunk that test, there will be somebody very good in place.
M3
M33:47

Charlie?

Charlie?

当然,最主要的防线,就是要持有那些大体上会自动表现良好的资产。

The main defense, of course, is to have assets that will do well more or less automatically.

而我们有很多这样的资产。

And we have a lot of those.

而且,如果你再进一步完善这一点,比如安排非常好的经理人到位,再建立很好的、针对每家企业把新经理人带进岗位的制度,那这里面就已经有很强的惯性了,就算现在的管理层离开,公司也会运转得非常好。

And to the extent you improve that further by having very good managers in place and very good individualized systems for bringing new managers into the places, there's a lot of momentum here that would go on very nicely with the present management gone.

不过现在,我不认为我们的继任者会像Warren那么出色。

And now, I don't think our successors are going to be as good as Warren.

尤其是在真正做资金配置这件事上。

At actually allocating the money.
M2
M24:37

不,我们十年前做过一个小小的测试案例,因为有九个月零四天,我去Salomon担任了另一份工作,而Berkshire这边一切都很好。

No, we ran a little test case 10 years ago because for 9 months and 4 days, I took another job at Salomon, and things went fine at Berkshire.

我们已经有——这些经理人并不需要我。

We've got— the managers don't need me.

我们需要做的是资本配置。

We have to allocate capital.

我们需要确保他们受到公平对待。

We have to make sure they're treated fairly.

然后,嗯,不过除了资本配置之外,我们并不会到处去替各家公司做决策。

And, and, uh, but we are not making decisions around the place except in allocation of capital.

这个,嗯,确实很重要,不过其中有些事情是半自动的,另外一些呢,你知道,有时候确实需要一点想象力,或者类似这样的东西。

And, and that will be important, uh, but some of that is semi-automatic and others, you know, it does require, you know, some imagination sometimes or something of the sort.

但是在一九九一年那九个月零四天里,我主要惦记的是Salomon,Berkshire并不在我的主要关注范围里。

But for 9 months and 4 days in 1991, Salomon was primarily on my mind and Berkshire wasn't.

而一切还是和以前一样照常进行。

And everything went on just as before.

而且我们现在比十年前强大太多太多太多了。

And we are far, far, far stronger now than we were 10 years ago.

所以,我对把我百分之九十九的遗产放在Berkshire股票里这件事,非常安心。

So, I'm very comfortable with 99% of my estate being in Berkshire shares.

而且我觉得,等将来这些股票到了基金会手里,它也会是一项很明智的持有。

And I think it's an intelligent holding eventually for the foundation.

因为我知道,到基金会真正拿到这些股票之前,总有一天我已经不在了。

Knowing that, you know, I won't be around at some point before the foundation gets it.

好,来看第八个话题。

Okay, area 8.