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2011年股东大会 · 巴菲特,芒格与Costco好市多的经典笑话

53 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:51
F1
F10:00

在 Janet Lowe 写的那本讲 Charlie 的书《Damn Right》里,Charlie 讲到了他对金融教学的看法。

In the book about Charlie, Damn Right, by Janet Lowe, Charlie talks about his view on teaching finance.

他说,他会用大概一百家左右公司做对了或做错了事情的历史,当作这门课教学的基础。

He says that he would use the histories of 100 or so companies that did something right or wrong as a basis for teaching the course.

你们两位能不能——既然这和 Charlie 有关——你们两位能不能,我们先从 Charlie 开始,给我们举一两个这两类里的例子?

Could each of you, and since this concerns Charlie, could each of you, we'll start with Charlie, give us an example or two from either category?
M1
M10:28

当然。

Sure.
F1
F10:28

做对的决策,还是做错的决策?

Right moves or wrong moves?
M2
M20:30

我猜 Charlie 会讲 Costco。

I predict Charlie's going to talk about Costco.

来吧,Charlie。

Go ahead, Charlie.
M1
M10:34

嗯,Costco 当然是一家在自己那个品类里做到全球最好的企业,而且它做到这一点,靠的是一种极端的任人唯贤,以及极强的道德责任感。

Well, Costco, of course, is a business that became the best in the world in its category, and it did it with an extreme meritocracy and an extreme ethical duty.

它自己给自己立下规矩:只要积累出任何成本优势,就尽可能快地把这些优势让利给顾客。

Self-imposed to take all its cost advantages as fast as it could accumulate them and pass them on to the customers.

当然,这就创造出了非常强烈的客户忠诚度,而且,而且它一直都是一家非常值得观察的优秀企业。

And of course, that created ferocious customer loyalty, and, and it's been a wonderful business to watch.

当然了,当你这样做,而且持续做得足够久的时候,就会发生一些很不寻常的事情。

And of course, strange things happen when you, when you do that and do that long enough.

Costco 在韩国有一家门店,今年的销售额会超过四亿美元。

Costco has one store in Korea that will do over $400 million in sales this year.

这种数字在零售业里简直像是不可能存在的,但它当然就是存在。

These are figures that can't exist in retailing, but of course they do.

所以,这就是一个例子:有人拥有正确的管理体系、正确的人才选拔体系、正确的伦理观。

And so that's an example of, of somebody having the right managerial system, the right personnel selection system, the right ethics.

还有正确的勤勉作风,诸如此类,诸如此类。

The right diligence, and etc., etc.

这种情况是非常罕见的。

That is quite rare.

如果你一辈子里能有那么一两次和这样的企业产生关联,那你就是个非常幸运的人。

If you—if once or twice in a lifetime you're associated with such a business, you're a very lucky person.

而更常见的企业,像比如说 General Motors,它曾经成为全球同类企业里最成功的一家,结果却把它的普通股股东都给消灭了,是去年吧?

And the more normal business is a business like, say, General Motors, which became the most successful business of its kind in the world, and wiped out its common shareholders, what, last year?

那是个非常有意思的故事。如果是我在商学院教书,我会用 Value Line 那种类型的数据图表,带着大家走完整个 General Motors 的历史,然后我会努力把图表和数据里的变化,和企业里实际发生的事情对应起来。

That is a very interesting story, and if I were teaching a business school, I would have Value Line-type figures that took people through the entire history of General Motors, and I would try and relate the changes in the graph and in the data to what happened in the business.

某种程度上说,他们面对的是一个真的很难的问题——一个高度工会化的企业,同时又取得了巨大成功,还碰上了从亚洲以及其他地方冒出来的、非常强硬的竞争对手,某种程度上也包括欧洲。

And to some extent, they faced a really difficult problem—a heavily unionized business combined with great success and very tough competitors who came up from Asia and elsewhere, and to some extent from Europe.

这确实是个真实的问题。当然,怎么防止财富反过来害死你,怎么防止你的成功变成一种劣势,这是商业里一个很大的问题。

And that is a real problem, which of course, to prevent wealth from killing you, your success turning into a disadvantage, is a big problem in business.

所以,这些图表里面其实藏着很多非常精彩的教训。

And so there are all these wonderful lessons in those, in those graphs.

我就是不明白,为什么大家不这么做。

And I don't know why people don't do it.

甚至连我会拿来教学的那种图表都根本不存在。

The graphs don't even exist that I would use to teach.

我简直没法想象,居然会有人蠢到不去准备我一直渴望看到的那种图表。

I can't imagine anybody being dumb enough not to have the kind of graphs I yearn for.

但据我所知,全国没有哪家商学院在渴望这些图表。

But so far as I know, there's no business school in the country that's yearning for these graphs.

他们不想要这个,部分原因是,如果你用这种方式来教商业史,你就等于踩进了那些分支学科里一个个小教授的地盘。

Partly the reason they don't want it is that if you taught a history of business this way, you'd be trampling on the territories of all the little professors in subdisciplines.

你等于是在抢走他们一些最好的案例。

You'd be stealing some of their best cases.

而且,而且官僚体系——哪怕是学术官僚体系——里面的人,都会保护自己的地盘。

And, and bureaucracies, even academic bureaucracies, people protect their own turf.

当然,General Motors 当年也发生了很多这种事。

And of course, a lot of that happened at General Motors.
M2
M24:00

对。

Yeah.
M1
M14:00

这——我真觉得,这个世界——这就应该是它被教授的方式。

It's a— I really think the world— that's the way it should be taught.

Harvard Business School 以前有一段时间就是这么教的,后来他们停了。

Harvard Business School once taught it much that way, and they stopped.

我还真想做个 case study,研究一下他们为什么停了。

And I'd like to make a case study as to why they stopped.

我觉得我能成——我觉得我能相当准确地猜到。

I think I can success— I think I can successfully guess.

我看是因为,商业史这门课踩到了其他学科那些山头大王的地盘,比如 marketing 的大王,finance 的大王,还有各种别的什么大王。

It's that a course in history of business trampled on the territory of barons of other disciplines, like the baron of marketing, the baron of finance, the baron of whatever.

还有,IBM 就是个很有意思的案例。

And listen, IBM is an interesting case.

我是说,这样的例子一个接一个,真的是特别吸引人。

I mean, there's just one after another that are utterly fascinating.

而且我觉得这些东西根本没有被好好地教,因为没人愿意把整个全貌都完整讲一遍。

And I don't think they're properly taught at all, because nobody wants to do the full sweep.
M2
M24:49

Charlie 和我最近坐过一趟被劫持的飞机。

Charlie and I were on a plane recently that was hijacked.
M1
M14:53

拿什么劫持的?

With what?
M2
M24:54

飞机被劫持了。

It was hijacked.

我是在讲我们在那趟被劫持的飞机上的经历,当时劫机的人把我们俩挑出来,当成他们非处决不可的两个肮脏资本家。

I'm telling about our experience on that hijacked plane when the hijackers picked us out as the two dirty capitalists that they really had to execute.

不过——不过他们对此还有点不好意思。

And— but they were, they were a little abashed about it.

他们其实也不是对我们真有什么仇,所以他们说,可以让我们每个人提一个要求。

They didn't really have anything against us, so they said that each of us would be given one request.

在他们枪毙我们之前。

Before they shot us.

然后他们转向 Charlie,说,你想提什么要求?

And they turned to Charlie and they said, what would you like as your request?

Charlie 说,我想再讲一次我那篇关于 Costco 优点的演讲,还要配上图示。

Charlie said, I would like to give once more my speech on the virtues of Costco with illustrations.

那个劫机的人就说,嗯,这听起来还挺合理的。

And the hijacker said, well, that sounds pretty reasonable to me.

然后他转向我,说,那您想要什么,Buffett 先生?

And he turned to me and said, and what would you like, Mr. Buffett?

我说,先枪毙我吧。

And I said, shoot me first.
M1
M15:45

对,嗯,总之。

Yeah, well, anyway.
M2
M25:49

好,第三个问题。

Okay, number 3.