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Pershing Square founder & CEO Bill Ackman Talks Howard Hughes Plans, IPOs and Anthropic

239 段 · 4 位说话人 · 原片 18:00
F1
F10:13

Bloomberg Audio Studios 播客、广播和新闻。

Bloomberg Audio Studios podcasts, radio, news.
F2
F20:19

所以你刚刚举行了 Howard Hughes 投资者日。

So you just had your Howard Hughes Investment Day.

而且,你为此进行的最大一笔收购,就是最近刚刚完成交割的保险公司 Vantage。

And again, the biggest acquisition you did for this was very recently closing this insurer, Vantage.

有了这个,你就有更多资金实力去投资了。

And with that, you get some more firepower behind you to invest.

那笔钱你有什么计划?

What is the plan with that money?

你在关注什么?

What are you looking at?
M1
M10:34

好的。

Sure.

所以,如果你关注 Mr. Buffett 超过 60 年——难以置信——61 年,也许是一段不可思议的职业生涯。

So if you, if you follow Mr. Buffett over 60 years, incredible— 61 years, maybe incredible career.

然后你看看——他是如何在这么长时间里在 Berkshire Hathaway 创造这么多价值的?

And you look at what— how did he create so much value at Berkshire Hathaway over time?

他做了,我想说,两件主要的事,也许三件。

He did, I would say, 2 principal things, maybe 3.

首先,他随着纺织业务的逐步缩减,他把资本拿来买了一家保险公司。

First, he, as he wound down the textile operation, he took the capital and bought an insurance company.

然后他以不同于典型保险公司的方式来管理那家保险公司的资产。

And then he managed the assets of that insurance company differently from a typical insurer.

他把浮存金投资于短期国债,这样投保人就知道有资金专门留出来用于支付理赔。

He took the float and invested in short-term Treasuries so the policyholders knew that there was money set aside to pay claims.

然后,他把保险公司的盈余投资于普通股,而且那个投资组合管理得很好。

And then he took the surplus of the insurer and he invested in common stocks and he did a good job managing that portfolio.

保险是一项现金流生成能力非常强的业务,因为你承保收保费,提前把现金收进来,然后在未来再支付出去。

And insurance is a very cash flow generative business because you write premiums, you collect money upfront and you pay it out in the future.

因此,Berkshire 得以以非常快的速度增长,让保险公司的资产复利增值,获得很高的资本回报率,而且不需要发行股票。

And as a result, Berkshire was able to grow at a very rapid rate, compounding the insurance company's assets, earning a high return on capital without having to issue stock.

所以 Berkshire 在大部分时间里只有 100 万股流通股,直到,我猜,Gen Re 收购的时候。

And so Berkshire had 1 million shares outstanding for most of its life until I guess, the Gen Re acquisition.

所以,在公司内部发展一个非常有价值的业务,并且在增长过程中不发行股票,这种组合创造了巨大的每股价值。

So the combination of growing a very valuable business inside a company and not issuing stock as you grow led to enormous per-share value being created.

基本上,我们是在效仿 Mr. Buffett 的做法。

Basically, we're taking a page from Mr. Buffett.

Vantage 是一家专业保险公司和再保险公司。

Vantage is a specialty insurer and reinsurer.

我们是六月份完成交割的。

We closed in June.

七月份,我们宣布 Mark Grandison——他是 Arch Capital Group 的前 CEO,这家公司是过去 25 年表现最好的保险公司之一——他在最后 8 年担任 CEO。

In July, we announced that Mark Grandison, the former CEO of Arch Capital Group, one of the best-performing insurance companies over the last 25 years— he was the CEO for the last 8 years.

他从 Arch 真正成立时就在那里——后来成为 Vantage 的执行董事长。

He was at Arch really from inception— became executive chair of Vantage.

Mark 招募了 David Gansberg——他之前在 Arch Capital Group 的总裁,也是他的门生。

Mark recruited David Gansberg, former president, his protégé at Arch Capital Group.

Lucy Fato,AIG 前副董事长、总法律顾问。

Lucy Fato, former vice chair, general counsel of AIG.

我们为这个已经很优秀的保险平台引入了巨大的力量,原来这里就有一个非常出色的团队。

We brought in enormous horsepower to what was already a very good insurance company platform, already had a very good team.

然后我们采取——我们立刻卖掉了固定收益资产,这一点变得越来越重要,对吧,因为利率的变化。

And we're taking the— we immediately sold the fixed income assets, which has become increasingly important, right, because of the move in rates.

是的。

Yes.

我们把资金投资于短期国债,大约 65% 左右,另外 35% 的资产投资于一个我们管理的普通股组合。

We invested the money in short-term Treasuries, about 65% or so, and 35% of the assets we invested in a common stock portfolio that we manage.

所以我们的目标是打造一个高 ROE 的专业保险公司,由一支出色的团队领导,由我们管理资产,同时发展 Howard Hughes,提高公司的内在价值。

So our goal is to build a high ROE specialty insurance company led by a superb team with us managing the assets and grow Howard Hughes and increase the intrinsic value of the company.
F2
F22:50

顺便提一下,关于卖出长期国债,这显然像你说的,考虑到利率走势是非常有先见之明的举措。那么现在这个环境,总体上你会避免久期风险吗?无论是Howard Hughes还是你考虑的其他投资?

By the way, just on that note, on selling longer-dated Treasuries, which obviously to your point was a very prescient move considering what rates are doing, is this an environment where generally you'd be avoiding duration, be it Howard Hughes or any of the other investments that you look at?

我知道你是股权投资者为主,但现在债券市场是不是碰都不能碰?

I know equity majority investor, but is that bond market untouchable right now?
M1
M13:08

其实我不是一个固定收益投资者。

So I'm not really a fixed income investor.

我从不觉得持有长期固定收益工具的风险回报有什么吸引力。

I never found the risk reward of owning a longer-term fixed income instrument interesting.

这真不是我的风格——我更喜欢无风险或者高回报。

It's just not my— I sort of like risk-free or high return.
F2
F23:18

我不喜欢股权部分的东西。

I don't like stuff on the equity portion.

那Vantage呢,你们能做到什么程度?

Then Vantage, how far can you push this?

你们能投多少到股票里?

How much can you invest into equities?
M1
M13:25

我们会经营一家杠杆相对较低的保险公司。

So we're going to run a relatively low-leverage insurer.

大多数保险公司,你知道的,承保的保费金额等于其股本,也就是保险公司的资本。

Most insurance companies, you know, write an amount of premium equal to the equity, the capital of the insurer.

我们会比这个少。

We'll write less than that.

而且我们还会——大多数保险公司投资资产的规模大概是其股本的2.5倍,我们投资得比这个少。

And we'll also— most insurers invest, you know, something like 2.5 times their equity in assets and we'll invest less than that.

所以我们在两边杠杆都要小得多。

So we'll have much less leverage on both sides.

对于保险公司大部分资产,我们会采取零风险策略,就像我提到的,持有短期国债。

We'll take zero risk for the bulk of the insurance company assets, as I mentioned, short-term Treasuries.

这让我们在资本规则下有灵活性,可以将大约40%到50%——接近40%的资产,40%到45%的资产投资于普通股。

That frees us up the flexibility under the capital rules to have something in order of 40 to 50% of the approaching 40% of the assets, 40, 45% of the assets in common stocks.
F2
F24:05

那Vantage的收购呢?你还在看其他转型性收购吗,还是Vantage已经完成,现在可以先放一边了?

And the Vantage acquisition, any other transformational acquisitions you're looking at or Vantage is done and you can set that aside for now?

我会说肯定还没完。

I would say it's certainly not done.
M1
M14:12

这还刚刚开始,接下来Mark会做他的事。

It's at the very beginning and more Mark's going to do his thing.
F2
F24:16

对。

Right.
M1
M14:16

但我们今天还宣布了另一件重要的事情。

But we announced something else of significance today.

我在推特上提过,今天我们也在讨论,就是Howard Hughes建立了一支卓越的团队,在人们想居住的市场拥有令人惊叹的资产组合。

I tweeted about it and we talked about it today, which is Howard Hughes has built an extraordinary team, has an amazing collection of assets in markets where people want to live.

业务是向建筑商销售地块,这些地块位于我们称之为MPC的小型社区,也就是我们管理的这些小型城市。

And the business is selling lots to homebuilders in these small, what we call MPCs, these small cities that we manage.

我们拥有所有商业地产、土地等等。

We own all the commercial real estate, the land, etc.

过去15年,我们完全用自己的股本为这项业务融资。

It's a business we financed entirely with our own equity for the last 15 years.

我们将转向一种模式。

We're going to a model.

我们会引入第三方。比如,想想Brookfield。

We're going to bring in third-party. You know, think Brookfield.

比如,想想Blackstone,对吧?

You know, think Blackstone, right?

如今典型的房地产投资者自己出的钱非常少。

The typical real estate investor today puts up very little of their own money.

他们收取管理费和超额收益分成。

They charge fees and promotes.

而我们将会投入大量自有资金。

We're going to have a lot of skin in the game today.

我们持有百分之百的股权。

We have 100% of the equity.

我们会立即启动一个流程,引入合作伙伴,把我们在房地产上的股权承诺减少多达百分之八十,然后把Howard Hughes转变成一个更像轻资产的房地产资产管理业务,虽然我们仍然投入很多,但当拿掉百分之八十的股权后,这个业务就能获得高得多的回报。

We're going to begin a process immediately to bring in partners to reduce our equity commitment to our real estate by as much as 80%, and then turn Howard Hughes into more of an asset-light real estate asset management business with a lot of skin in the game, but one that can earn a much higher return when you take out 80% of the equity.

通过第三方资本,还有年末的业绩提成。

In third-party capital, year-end promotes.

这能让我们在接下来,你知道,大概到明年年底之前,从这中间释放出二十到三十亿美元的股权,希望如此。

That will enable us to take, we think, $2 to $3 billion of equity over the next, you know, sometime by the end of next year, hopefully.
F2
F25:29

对。

Right.
M1
M15:29

这些资本我们可以重新部署到Vantage里面。

Capital that we can now redeploy into Vantage.

而且,你知道,当你拥有一支非常有才华的团队时,你就想给他们更多的资本去运作。

And, you know, when you get a very talented team, you want to put more capital behind them.

我们对Mark就是这么做的。

And that's what we're doing with Mark.

对于房地产子公司来说,它现在受益于并能获得更高的回报,因为它利用了第三方资本,这能加速一部分开发资产的进度。这些资产在上市公司资本成本较高的背景下很难实现、很难合理化,但现在变得非常有吸引力了。

With the real estate subsidiary, it benefits now and can earn much higher returns because it's leveraging third-party capital that's going to enable it to accelerate some of the development assets that, you know, in the context of the cost of public company capital were difficult to achieve, difficult to justify, now become much more attractive.
F2
F25:57

所以在你推进这件事的同时,你还启动了两项IPO,分别是Pershing Square和Pershing Square USA。

So while you've been working on this, you also launched your IPOs, both at Pershing Square and Pershing Square USA.

对于后者,就是那只封闭式基金,你募集了五十亿美元,但之后下跌了百分之二十五。

When it comes to the latter one, the closed-end fund, you raised $5 billion and it's since fallen 25%.

而且它的交易折价是每一美元净值只卖二十五美分,你说这两个其实是同一个问题。

It also trades at a discount of $0.25 to every dollar, something that you say both of those are the same thing.
M1
M16:14

是的,没错。

Yes, correct.

这个——

The—.
F2
F26:16

你是在帮我澄清我自己的澄清。

And you're clarifying my clarification.

所以我很高兴。

So I'm pleased for that.

但你说这个折价很荒谬,就是它当前的交易折价。

But you've called this ridiculous, this discount that it's trading at.

Bill,你打算怎么扭转这个局面?

Bill, what do you do to turn that around?
M1
M16:25

嗯,其中一件事就是,我们上Bloomberg TV来谈这件事。

Well, among other things, we go on Bloomberg TV and we talk about it.
F1
F16:28

好的。

All right.
F2
F26:28

就是现在了。

This is the moment.

那就谈谈吧。

So talk about it.

到底哪里出了问题?

What's gone wrong?
M1
M16:30

好。

Okay.

我们做了一次很有意思的IPO,因为我们同时做了两次上市。

So we did an interesting IPO in that we did two listings.

我们做了一次上市和一次IPO。

We did a listing and an IPO.

我们公开上市了一只封闭式基金,但这是一只非常不同的封闭式基金。

We took public a closed-end fund, but a very different closed-end fund.

典型的封闭式基金,坦白说,历史表现并不太好。

So typical closed-end fund, frankly, doesn't have a very good track record.

而且它其实并不是一种金融——是一种通常卖给财务顾问的金融产品。

And the— it's not really a financial— it's a financial product that's sold generally to a financial advisor.

客户通常并不特别参与其中。

The client is usually not particularly involved in this case.

对大多数投资者来说,绝大多数投资者,他们投资这个实体就是为了跟 Pershing Square 一起投资。

For the majority of the investors, the substantial majority of the investors, they made an investment in this entity to invest with Pershing Square.

历史上,作为美国公民,你想投资 Pershing Square,就得私下投资我们的基金,那里要收 1.5% 的管理费和 20% 的业绩提成。

Historically, to invest with Pershing Square as a US citizen, you had to invest with us privately in a fund where we charge a 1.5% management fee and a 20% incentive fee.

而且你的钱还得锁定比较长的时间。

And you had to lock up your money for, you know, over a longer period of time.

这是一个流动的公开上市工具。

This is a liquid public vehicle.

不收业绩提成。

That doesn't charge an incentive fee.

对,这是全世界成本最低的对冲基金。

Yeah, it's the lowest cost hedge fund in the world.

它的复合回报是 19%,19% 的复合年化,差不多有 23 年的业绩记录,在这个实体更低费率结构下实现的策略表现。

It's got a 19%, 19% compounded, you know, nearly 23-year track record, the track record of the strategy at the lower fee structure of the entity.

所以它是一个流动的,真正流动的另类投资,而且费率最低。

So it's a liquid, truly liquid alternative at the lowest fees.

那我们现在做了什么?

Now, what have we done?

IPO 之后,我们专注在部署资本上。

We focused since the IPO on deploying the capital.

我们的首要任务就是把钱投出去。

Our first priority was putting that money to work.

我们在 Pershing Square USA 已经全仓投入了。

We're fully invested at Pershing Square USA.

我们还没做的,刚刚开始的,也是你们参与的这部分,就是让大家知道这个实体。

What we haven't done, what we just are beginning and you're part of that process is letting people know this entity.
F2
F27:45

这只是一个营销问题。

This is just a marketing issue.
M1
M17:46

是个营销问题。

It's a marketing issue.

我们需要让人知道 Pershing Square USA 其实——如果你想要跟 Pershing Square 投资,我经常听人说,比尔,我很想跟你投资,但是我没法投。

We need to let people know that Pershing Square USA is actually— if you want to invest with Pershing Square, I know people all the time, they say, Bill, I'd love to invest with you, but, you know, I can't.

那现在你可以了,对吧?

Well, now you can, right?

你只要花 39 美元。

You can spend $39.
F2
F28:00

如果我能稍微反驳一下,因为在你最新的 Pershing Square USA 报告中,你确实说到资产价值下跌了超过 8%。

If I can just slightly push back on that, because in your most recent report for Pershing Square USA, you did say that the asset value had fallen by more than 8%.

好吧。

Okay.

那是不是底层股票也有问题,可能有些表现也在变差呢?

So isn't there something with the underlying stocks, too, that maybe some of the performance is also waning?
M1
M18:13

我觉得 NAV 从 IPO 以来大概下跌了 3%。

So I think NAV is down about 3% from the IPO.

其中约 240 个基点是 IPO 本身的成本。

About 240 basis points of that is actually the cost of the IPO.

所以基本上我们是持平的——我们把 50 亿美元的资本投到了我们喜欢的股票上,我们认为这些股票在当前价位非常有吸引力。

So we're basically flat in terms of— we deployed $5 billion of capital in stocks we like that we think are very compelling at current values.

我不想让人现在就评判我们。

And I wouldn't want someone to judge us.

实际上,最好的情况其实对我们部署资本非常有帮助。

In fact, the best actually was very helpful to us as we were deploying capital.

股票在下跌。

Stocks were going down.

我不想让人现在就评判我们。

And I wouldn't want someone to judge us.

特别是我们买入的那些股票,我们在 Meta 下跌的时候买入了它。

In particular, the stocks we were buying, we were buying Meta as it was going down.

那显然开始往我们有利的方向走了。

That's obviously starting to head in our direction.

但我们持有一些我们称之为全球最顶级的超级持久增长公司的组合,比如S&P Global,你无法以低于30倍市盈率的价格买到它,而我们能以21倍市盈率买入。

But we own a portfolio of some of the best we call super durable growth companies in the world, businesses like an S&P Global that you couldn't touch at something less than 30 times earnings that we're able to buy at 21 times earnings.

你知道的,像洲际交易所这样的公司,对吧?

You know, a business like the Intercontinental Exchange, right?

一家有着惊人业绩记录的了不起的公司。

An amazing business with an incredible track record.

今天你不可能以24倍市盈率持有它。

You couldn't own it 24 times earnings today.

你以17倍市盈率买入。

You buy it at 17 times.

你知道,这是一个非常狭窄的市场。

You know, it's a market that is a very narrow market.

我相信你知道市场的注意力集中在哪,以及我们喜欢持有哪种类型的企业。

I'm sure you know where the market's attention is focused and the kind of businesses we like to own.

我们持有公司是基于我们对未来五年回报的预期,而不是五分钟,也不是未来90天。

We own— we own businesses based on how we expect them— the returns we generate over the next 5 years, not 5 minutes, not next 90 days.

所以——我也没法告诉你我们持有的任何一只股票在未来90天内会怎么走。

So— and I can't tell you where any stock we own is going to trade in the next 90 days.
F2
F29:23

这是一个高度集中的市场,我们还在等待更多大型IPO,它们可能会让市场……

It is an incredibly concentrated market and we're waiting for more big IPOs that might make it—
M1
M19:28

不过它们好像正在断崖式下跌。

Although it seems like they're falling off a cliff.

我们拭目以待。

We'll see.
F2
F29:30

有趣的地方就在这里。

This is the interesting thing.

你怎么看?

What do you think about that?

我们还在期待Anthropic IPO,OpenAI推迟了,Aura也推迟了。

We still are expecting Anthropic IPO, OpenAI delays, Aura delays.

是不是有什么事在发生,Bill?

Is something going on here, Bill?
M1
M19:37

我其实不太理解Aura的推迟,至少基于公开报道的话。

I don't actually understand the Aura delay, at least based on the public reports.

我觉得这是一家有意思的公司。

I think it's an interesting company.

我没看招股说明书,但显然他们的发行申购超额了。

I didn't read the prospectus, but apparently they had an oversubscribed offering.

所以如果那是真的,我不明白他们为什么要——

So assuming that's true, I don't know why they would—
F2
F29:49

他们说无法获得想要的估值。

They said they couldn't get the valuation they wanted.

这个市场是不是有什么问题,除非你是Anthropic,否则就得不到想要的估值?

Is there something to this market that unless you're Anthropic, you can't get the valuation you want?
M1
M19:54

再次说明,我认为市场的关注点非常狭窄,集中在SpaceX、Anthropic以及支持SpaceX的周边配套上。

Again, the market is very narrowly focused, I think, on SpaceX and Anthropic and on the picks and shovels that support SpaceX.
F2
F210:03

这是否是个问题,尤其是如果Anthropic——我觉得我们都该提醒大家,我记得是在22号你发了个东西,大意是:我们会不会看到Anthropic提交S-1?

Is that a problem, especially if Anthropic— I think we should all remind everyone, I think it was on the 22nd you put out something basically saying, are we going to see an Anthropic S-1?

哦,顺便提一句,我们有10%的概率毁灭人类。

Oh, by the way, there's a 10% chance we kill humanity.

而我们看到的正是这样。

And that is exactly what we saw.

那份招股说明书里有很大一部分基本上在说:这是我们可能造成的所有危害。

There was a large part of that prospectus that basically said, here's all the harm we might cause.

但你怎么看待一份包含这种内容的IPO?

But what do you make of an IPO with that sort of thing in it?

而且你会买这样的公司吗?

And is that a company you would even buy?
M1
M110:27

所以我觉得——我并不是——Anthropic可能是我见过的最伟大的商业故事,你知道,从零开始到两万亿美元市值。

So I think— I don't— Anthropic is perhaps the greatest business story I've ever seen in terms of, you know, from de novo to $2 trillion.

我想说,最关键的就是公司收入的快速增长和产品的质量。

I would say as significantly just the revenue ramp of the company, the quality of the product.

你知道,我们内部就在用Claude。

You know, we, we use Claude internally.

所以这显然是一家非常出色的公司。

So it's, it's clearly an amazing company.

你知道,这就让人怀疑,面对开源和开放权重模型的强大力量,这些前沿模型公司是否还能维持它们的市场地位。

You know, query whether the frontier model companies will be able to maintain their market presence in light of the power of, of, of open source and open weight models.
F2
F210:59

我的意思是,你不会因为害怕那种竞争就去买它。

I mean, you wouldn't buy it because you're scared of that competition.
M1
M111:01

你知道,我们倾向于收购那些我们能长期预测其未来样子的企业。

You know, we look to buy businesses that we can predict what they're going to look like over a very long period of time.

你知道,就是些比较无聊的东西,比如微软、S&P Global、Visa或者MasterCard,都是我们投资组合里的。

You know, kind of boring things like, you know, perhaps Microsoft or S&P Global or Visa or MasterCard, you know, things that are in our portfolio.

我们不太可能投资那种高速增长、消耗大量资本、并且你是在赌未来某个时刻两条线会交叉的企业。

We are less likely to be an investor in a very fast-growing business that that's consuming a huge amount of capital and you're betting on kind of the lines crossing at some point in the future.
F2
F211:25

你觉得——

Do you think—.
M1
M111:25

我觉得这超级有趣。

I think it's super interesting.
F2
F211:26

但会不会有清算呢?

But is there a reckoning?
M1
M111:27

顺便问一下,招股说明书真的已经提交了吗?

By the way, has the prospectus actually been filed?

我读过——

I've read—.
F2
F211:29

没有,没有,没有。

No, no, no.

目前只是有报道而已。

It's just reports at this moment.

所以我们还得等具体的措辞出来。

So we have to wait what the actual language says.
M1
M111:33

但就这一点来说,你知道,很有意思。

But on the point, so, you know, interesting.

我觉得Jensen把这一点说得很清楚。

I think Jensen's made this point well.

如果你是一家市值两万亿美元的公司,并且你的产品或服务可能造成巨大伤害,那你一定会非常谨慎地推向市场。

If you're a $2 trillion company and you have a product or service that can cause enormous harm, you're going to be very careful about releasing that product to the market.

我觉得你不需要——至少对于像Anthropic这样的公司来说——不需要立法或政府来保护它们不做蠢事。

I feel like you don't need, at least for the, you know, the Anthropics of the world, you don't need legislation or the government to protect them from doing something stupid.

你希望它们不会,因为它们,你知道,有点像制药公司。

You would hope you wouldn't because they're, you know, it's a bit like a pharma company.

你不会随便向全世界发布一款药物。

You don't release a drug to the world.

你知道,对于药物,也许你需要政府监管,但是发布一个会毁灭世界的产品有着巨大的阻碍。

You know, maybe in the case of a drug, you want to have government oversight, but there's huge disincentive to put out a product that's going to destroy the world.
F2
F212:12

这是否意味着你对所有这些,你知道,AI的最坏情况不那么担心了?

Does that mean that you're less concerned about all this, you know, AI worst-case scenario out there?

你觉得它们能自我监管得好吗?

You think they're going to self-regulate okay?
M1
M112:18

实际上,我不太担心Anthropic或OpenAI成为问题的根源。

I'm actually less concerned about Anthropic or OpenAI being the source of the problem.

我可能更担心的是恶意行为者,一个没有同样考量的流氓行为者,利用开源模型的资源造成巨大伤害。

I'm probably maybe more concerned about a bad actor, a rogue actor who does not have the same considerations, who, you know, uses the resources of an open-source model to cause enormous harm.

而且我认为这仍然是一个非常重要的风险。

And I think that's still a very significant risk.

所以我更希望最好的实验室,最顶尖的前沿实验室拥有强大的能力,这样才能保护我们免受使用更弱AI的流氓操作者的危害。

So I'd rather that the best labs, the best frontier labs are incredibly powerful so they can protect us from the rogue operator using a less powerful AI.
F2
F212:48

Bill,我想稍微转变一下话题,因为你非常公开地谈过你经历的那极其艰难的一年。

Bill, I want to change tone here just for a moment because you've been very public on the incredibly, incredibly difficult year that you've had.

你在X上发了一篇长篇声明——不,应该说是长文——我推荐大家都去看看,关于你女儿Lucy,她经历了脑出血。

You posted a long missive on X, which I would recommend— not a missive, a long essay rather— that I recommend anyone to read about your daughter Lucy, who suffered a brain hemorrhage.

她被送进了医院。

She was taken into the hospital.

他们必须做一个大手术。

They had to do a significant operation.

手术之后,她无法说话,无法行走。

On her that in the wake of that left her unable to speak, to walk.

现在你花了很多时间在她身上。

It's something that you're now dedicating a lot of your time to.

我觉得最重要的问题是,她的恢复情况怎么样了?

I think just the most important question is how is her recovery moving along?
M1
M113:21

你知道,我觉得她恢复得真的,真的很好。

You know, I think she's doing really, really well.

这个过程是一场漫长的旅程。

I'm, you know, it's, it's a journey.

但跟她一开始的状态比起来,她还是那个原来的Lucy。

But, you know, from where she started, you know, where, you know, she's, she's the same old Lucy.

她还和以前的朋友在一起。

You know, she has the same friends.

她的幽默感也没变。

She's got the same sense of humor.

她正在重新学习走路。

She's learning to walk again.

她正在重新学习元音。

She's learning vowels again.

她正在重新学习辅音。

She's learning consonants again.

就像我爱说的,她现在特别会说“不”。

She's, as I like to say, she's very good at saying no.

还有视力,我们做了这种线粒体疗法,她是第一个人类患者,她原来完全看不到光,现在一只眼睛能看到22000,虽然还不算很好。

And vision, even her vision, we did this kind of mitochondrial therapy, first human patient, and she had zero ability to see light and she now has 22,000 in one of her eyes, which is not great.

我们不完全确定是不是线粒体疗法的效果,但我们怀疑它可能帮到了她。

And we don't know entirely whether it was the mitochondrial therapy, but we suspect it might have been helping her.

实际上我们把她当成第一位患者。

And, you know, we're using her as kind of patient one.

如果你知道只要有充足的资源、先进的技术、出色的治疗和护理、营养,能达成什么样的效果——我们的经济条件允许我们为她提供这些照顾,这是比较幸运的一点。

If you know what can be achieved if you put every resource, every technology, and incredible therapy, incredible care, nutrition— you know, we have one of the fortunate things about our economic circumstances, we can provide the care for her.

但我们认为这些应该对所有人都可得。

But we think it should be available to everyone.

所以在Lucy康复的过程中,我们同步在建立一个研究所,这不仅仅是又一个研究大脑的大脑研究所,而是一个专注于为患者提供治疗的地方。

And so in a kind of contemporaneous way Lucy's recovery, we're building an institute that is going to be not just another brain research institute that, you know, studies the brain, but a place that's been very focused on delivering care to patients.
F2
F214:43

关注你工作的人应该都不会忘记,在这期间你还同时在进行两次IPO。

I don't think it would be lost on anyone who, who follows your work that in the midst of this, you were also in the middle of 2 IPOs.

那时候你脑子里在想什么?

Just what was going through your mind at that moment?
M1
M114:55

答案是——那算是一个很好的分散注意力的方式。

The answer is I was— it was a It was a good distraction.

但就像我说的,我比较幸运,能租下她隔壁的病房。

But I, as I've mentioned, I'm very fortunate I was able to rent the hospital room next to her.

他们把病床撤走了,你知道,用Zoom嘛。

They removed the bed, you know, Zoom, right?

现在IPO都是用Zoom完成的,实际上很少需要面对面会议。

IPOs are done by Zoom today, really very few in-person meetings.

这让我有事可做。

And that enabled, you know, kept me busy.

而她就在旁边。

And she was right there.

而且你实际上不可能24小时一直陪着她。

And, and you really can't be with someone 24/7.

所以实际上,我做IPO的灵感就是她。

So it actually was my, my inspiration for getting the IPO done was her.
F2
F215:26

你提到过,你知道,通过这段经历,你和你的妻子现在创办了这个机构。

You mentioned that, you know, through this experience, you and your wife have now started this institute.

你之前说过,你觉得你天生就是为了帮助她,你生命中经历的一切基本上都把你引到了这一刻。

You've said before that you felt that you were designed to help her, that everything in your life basically led you up to this moment.

比尔,你觉得这是否改变了你对接下来人生的规划?

Do you think it's changed at all just what you see doing with, with the rest of your life, Bill?
M1
M115:44

你知道,我的看法是——我一直觉得,有意义的人生就是能够对尽可能多的人产生最大的、最正面的影响。

You know, my version of— I always had this view that a significant life is having— is one in which you have the largest impact on the largest number of people, largest good impact.

所以从某种程度上说,这件事正符合那个使命。

And so in a way, this fits into that mandate.

我觉得这个计划可以对非常非常多的人产生巨大的积极影响。

I think this initiative can have a hugely favorable impact on a very large number of people.

我几乎不认识任何人,他的父母、祖父母、儿子、女儿或朋友没有遇到过重大脑部问题的。无论是阿尔茨海默症,还是,你知道,有人在军队里被弹片或子弹击中,或者,你知道,骑自行车在中央公园摔倒,或者精神疾病。

I don't— I almost don't know anyone who hasn't had a parent, a grandparent, or a son, a daughter, or a friend who hasn't had a major brain-related issue, whether it's Alzheimer's, whether it's, you know, they were there in the military and they got hit with a ballistic They're, you know, with a bullet or, or they, you know, riding a bicycle and they crash in Central Park or psychiatric issues.

你知道,大脑这个东西——虽然我们研究过它,但我们并不真正理解它。

You know, the brain is something that is— while we've studied the brain, we don't understand it.

而这一刻在历史上的独特之处在于,世界上像Anthropic这样的公司让我们有可能——你知道,大脑会产生海量的数据。

And what makes this moment unique in history is the Anthropics of the world are making it possible for us to, you know, the brain has— it generates an enormous amount of data.

现在我们正在开发各种设备,Neuralink、Precision Neurosciences,还有,你知道,很有意思的Synchron,很多不同的方法,基本上都是为了从大脑获取数据。

Now we're developing devices, Neuralink, Precision Neurosciences, other, you know, interesting Synchron, lots of different approaches to getting basically data from the brain.
F1
F116:49

对。

Right.
M1
M116:49

我们看到一些例子,这些数据被转化成‘这才是他真正想说的’这样的信息。

And seeing examples of that data being converted into, here's what he's actually trying to say.

这很快就会实现。

It's going to be soon.

比如说,你知道,露西,这就是你能再次看见的方式。

Here's what— you know, Lucy, here's how you can see again.

也许你戴一副眼镜,上面有摄像头,能把数据直接传输到视觉皮层。

Maybe you wear a pair of glasses that— with a camera that transmits the, you know, data directly to the visual cortex.

在未来三到五年,我们会学到大量关于大脑的知识。

We're going to learn a ton about the brain in the next 3 years, 5 years.

而且如果有一个地方能聚集所有对这个话题感兴趣的人,配上足够的资源,我觉得我们会取得巨大的进展。

And having a place which aggregates everyone interested in the topic, appropriate amount of resources, I think we'll make huge progress.
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