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2016年股东大会 · 2016年,巴菲特谈特朗普当选总统对美国的影响

46 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:45
M1
M10:00

这是一位要求匿名的股东提的问题。

This from a shareholder who asked to remain anonymous.

如果 Donald Trump 当选美国总统,考虑到你公开批评过他,也公开支持 Hillary Clinton,那你觉得 Berkshire Hathaway 旗下这整个业务组合会面临哪些具体风险,不管是监管、政策,还是其他方面的?

If Donald Trump becomes the President of the United States, and recognizing your public criticism of him and your public support for Hillary Clinton, what specific risks, regulatory, policy, or otherwise, do you foresee for Berkshire Hathaway's portfolio of businesses?
M2
M20:20

那不会是主要问题。

That won't be the main problem.

这个嘛,你知道,政府对我们的生意、其实对所有生意,都是个非常大的因素。

Well, government, you know, is a very big factor in our business and in all businesses.

我的意思是,有些非常宏观的政策,几乎会影响到每一个人;有时候也会出现一些相当具体、针对性很强的政策。

I mean, there's the very broad policies that affect practically everybody, and sometimes there can be some pretty specific policies.

不过我的判断是,如果 Donald——不管是 Donald Trump 还是 Hillary Clinton 当选、成为总统,而他们其中一个也很可能、非常可能会当选,呃,我觉得 Berkshire 还是会继续经营得很好。

But I will predict that if Donald— either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton is elected, becomes president, and one of them is likely to be, very likely to be, uh, I think Berkshire will continue to do fine.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M31:02

这个话题我有点不太想展开。

I'm afraid to get into this area.
M2
M21:07

对,这个——我们,我们以前什么情况都经历过——我的意思是,我们连价格管制都经历过。

Yeah, it— we've, we, we've operated under all— I mean, we've operated under price controls.

我的意思是,很多年里,我们的利润一直要缴百分之五十二的联邦税。

I mean, there, uh, we've had 52% federal taxes applied to our earnings for many years.
M1
M11:23

甚至——

Even—.
M2
M21:23

我的意思是,其他时候税率还更高过,不过你知道,我们也一路经历过各种监管措施。

I mean, they were higher at other times, but there have been, you know, we've had regulations come along.

但归根结底,这个国家的商业在过去两百来年里一直都发展得异常好,而且它也适应了这个社会,这个社会也适应了商业。

And in the end, business in this country has done extraordinarily well for a couple of hundred years, and it has adapted to the society, and the society's adapted to business.

呃,你知道,这里真的是一个特别有吸引力、特别适合做生意的地方。

Uh, you know, it— this is a remarkably attractive place in which to conduct a business.

你想想看,在一个利率几乎为零的世界里,美国企业居然还能在有形股本上赚到特别高的回报。

Imagine in a world of practically zero interest rates, you know, American business earning terrific returns on tangible equity.

我的意思是,那些才是真正投入到企业经营里的资产。

I mean, those are the assets that were actually employed in the business.

这些数字惊人得很。

The numbers are staggering.

而且你知道,那些把钱放在储蓄账户或者类似地方的人,基本上被伤得很厉害。

And, you know, people who've had their money in savings accounts or something like that get destroyed.

但是企业的所有者——你如果哪天去看看有形股本回报率,就知道了——他们并没有受太大影响;相比之下,那些持有固定利率、固定收益工具的人,损失就大得多了。

But owners of business, uh, if you look at returns on tangible equity, just check them out sometime, and they have not suffered, uh, even as people who own fixed-interest, fixed-income instruments have suffered enormously.

还有,你知道,现在农产品价格下来了。

And, you know, farm prices are down now.

过去这几年,农民收入下滑了很多,不过商业还是设法照顾好了自己,而且这是有道理的,因为它推动了市场经济,也是市场经济的引擎,而这个市场经济创造出来的产出之惊人,是一百年前任何人都难以想象的。

Farmer income has fallen off a lot in the last couple of years, but, uh, business has managed to take care of itself, and for a good reason, because it contributes to and has been the engine of a market economy that's delivered output that is staggering by the imagination of anyone that might have existed 100 years ago.

在我这一生里,美国按实际购买力算的人均 GDP,已经增长到了原来的六倍。

In my lifetime, the GDP per capita in real terms of the United States has gone up 6 for 1.

你能想象吗?在一个社会里,仅仅一个人的一生当中,整体来看,人们拥有的实际产出就变成了起点时的六倍。

Can you imagine, you know, in a society where in one person's lifetime, overall, people have 6 times the real output that they had at the beginning?

这个,你知道,从总产出来看,这个体系运转得非常好。

It's, you know, the system works very well in terms of aggregate output.

但从这些产出的分配来看,有时候在我看来,它确实会差得很远。

In terms of distribution of that output, sometimes it can fall very short, in my view.

不过它还是会继续运转下去。

But it'll keep working.

这个你不用担心,亲爱的。

You don't have to worry about that, dear.

二十年后,美国按实际购买力算的人均产出会比现在高得多。

20 years from now, there'll be far more output per capita in the United States in real terms than there is now.

五十年后,会高得更多,而且质量还会更好。

In 50 years, it'll be far more, and the quality will get better.

没有哪个总统候选人或者总统能把这个趋势终结掉。

And no presidential candidate or president is going to end that.
M3
M33:59

他们可以——。

They can—.
M2
M24:00

他们可以用好的方式,也可以用坏的方式去影响它,但他们没法让它终结。

They can shape it in ways that are good or bad, but they can't end it.

Charlie,你现在说点悲观的,来中和一下我这边。

Now, Charlie, give something pessimistic here to balance me out.
M3
M34:06

不,我想说点乐观的。而且我觉得,GDP 数据大大低估了我们的制度给公民带来的真实好处。

No, I want to say something optimistic, and I think that the GDP figures greatly understate the real advantage that our system has given our citizens.

它对很多巨大的成就权重给得太低了,因为这些成就没法用一种经济学家容易处理的方式,直接转化成金钱。

It underweighs a lot of huge achievements because they don't translate right into money in a certain way that the economists can easily handle.

但是过去一个世纪以来真正取得的成就,可以说,远远高于 GDP 数据所显示出来的水平。

But the real achievements over the last century, say, are way higher than are indicated by the GDP figures.

而且 GDP 数据本身也已经不错了。

And the GDP figures are good.

我不认为未来一定还能像过去那样好,但也没必要非得一样好。

I don't think the future is necessarily going to be quite as good as the past, but it doesn't have to be.
M2
M24:53

至少以我的经验来看,你碰不到谁会说,在我有同样天赋的情况下,我宁愿活在五十年前,或者说早五十年出生。

There's no one you'll run into, at least in my experience, that says, with my same talents, I wish I'd lived 50 years ago instead, been born 50 years earlier.

但是,相当大一部分美国公众觉得,跟他们出生的那个年代相比,今天不是个适合出生的好时候。

But a significant majority of the American public thinks that it's a bad time to be born today compared to when they were born.

他们觉得你比别人矮一截。

They think you're shorter than others.

他们错了。

They're wrong.

我的意思是,呃,这个创新的速度,创新的速度——

I mean, it's, uh, the pace, the pace of innovation.

你想想看,光是在你怎么支配时间这件事上,你现在的生活方式和二十年前比已经有多不一样了。

Just think how differently you're living compared to 20 years ago in terms of what you do with your time.

当然,很多人可能会谴责这种变化,或者类似的事,但你现在做的是自由选择,而这些选择在二十年前你根本没有;而且你做出的选择方向也已经不一样了——你知道,我还在用固定电话,但你们可比我领先多了。

Now, a lot of people may condemn it or something of the sort, but you're making free choices that were not available to you 20 years ago, and you're making them in a different direction than— you know, I'm still sitting with the landline, but you people are way ahead of me.

好,Greg。

Okay, Greg.