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2001年股东大会 · 巴芒:美国商学院关于投资的教育很失败

47 段 · 2 位说话人 · 原片 5:11
M1
M10:01

商学院在投资这个领域里,关于证券被动投资组合的大部分教学内容,都不是我们相信的那一套,也不是很多年前 Ben Graham 教给 Warren 的那一套。

A huge majority of the business school teaching in the field of investment, of passive portfolios of securities, is not what we believe and not what Warren was taught years ago by Ben Graham.

现在只剩下我们这种理念的一些零星小角落了。

They're just little pockets of our attitude left.

Stanford 那边有一个,对吧,Jack McDonald?

There's one at Stanford, Jack McDonald?
M2
M20:29

对,当然。

Yeah, sure.

然后,呃,对,那是研究生院。

And, uh, yeah, that's graduate school.

那是研究生院。

It's graduate school.
M1
M10:33

有意思的是,我觉得那门课在整个 Stanford Business School 里是最受欢迎的课程。

And what's interesting about that is I think it's the most popular course in the whole Stanford Business School.

他们还有某种竞价选课的制度。

They've got some kind of a bidding system.

可我问 Jack 他是什么感觉的时候,他——他,他说他觉得很孤独。

And yet I asked Jack how he felt, and he's— he, he said he felt lonely.

他的课是最受欢迎的,但在整个研究投资问题的教授群体里,像 Jack McDonald 这样的人,其实只是一个待在边角里的小圈子,可以这么说。

He's got the most popular course, but in the whole professoriate dealing with investment matters, the Jack McDonalds are a little clan of their own in a side pocket, so to speak.

当然,他们是对的,这也算是他们能从中得到的某种安慰吧。

Now, they're right, and they can take whatever consolation they get from that.

但总的来说,如果你去读商学院,你会学到很多我们并不认同的东西。

But mostly, if you go to business school, you will learn a lot of things we don't believe.
M2
M21:17

对,Jack。Bob Kirby 有时候也会过来跟 Jack 一起做一些事,而且你真是——而且 Bob 在投资方面的头脑非常厉害。

Yeah, Jack. Bob Kirby comes in and works with Jack sometimes too, and you couldn't— and Bob has got a terrific mind in terms of investment.

所以这个,我是说,这一点是毫无疑问的。

So that, I mean, there's no question about that.

如果你,你知道的,那也不是世界上最容易进的学校,而且是研究生层级的教育,但教学界里确实偶尔会有这种小小的“异常值”,用他们的话说。

If it, you know, it's not the easiest school in the world to get into, and it is at the graduate level, but there are these occasional little anomalies, as they would say, in the teaching world.

我是说,你真正希望一门投资课教的,其实应该是怎么给一家企业估值。

I mean, what you really want a course on investing to be is how to value a business.

这,这才是这个游戏的核心。

That's, that's what the game is about.

我是说,如果你不知道怎么给一家企业估值,你就不知道怎么给一只股票估值。

I mean, if you don't know how to value a business, you don't know how to value a stock.

而如果你看看现在教的那些内容,呃,我觉得你会发现,真正关于怎么给企业估值的东西非常少。

And if you look at what is being taught, uh, I think you see very little of how to value a business.

然后,其余那些内容,可能就是在摆弄数字,或者,你知道,呃,Greek symbols 之类的东西。

And, and the rest of it is playing around maybe with numbers or, you know, uh, Greek symbols or something of the sort.

但是,但是那些对你没什么用。

But, but it doesn't do you any good.

我是说,到头来,你还是得做决定,你知道,到底——到底是把一家企业估值为四亿美元,还是六亿美元,还是八亿美元,然后再拿这个去跟价格比较。

I mean, in the end, you have to decide, you know, whether you're going— whether you're going to value a business at $400 million or $600 million or $800 million, and then you compare that with the price.

这,这才叫投资。

And that's, that's what investing is.

而且我不知道还有什么别的投资方式,基本上,是真正该做的。

And I don't know any other kind of investing, you know, basically, to do.

可这些——这些就是没人教。

And there's— that just isn't taught.

而之所以没人教,是因为周围根本没有会教这个的老师,你知道,他们自己都不知道该怎么教。

And the reason it isn't taught is because there aren't teachers around, you know, who know how to teach it.

我是说,他们自己都不懂。

I mean, they don't know themselves.

而既然他们自己都不懂,他们就去教一种说法,说是谁也不可能知道任何事情。

And since they don't know themselves, they teach something that says nobody knows anything.

那就是 efficient market theory。

And which is the efficient market theory.

如果我自己也不知道该怎么做,而我又跑去教 physics,我大概也会搞出一套“谁都不知道任何事情”的理论,因为这样我才能把一天混过去,你知道。

And if I didn't know how to do it, and if I ever taught physics, I'm going to come up with a theory that nobody knows anything because it's the only way I can get through the day, you know.

不过让我觉得很有意思的是,你知道,这些真正顶尖的大学在这件事上的运作方式。

But it's fascinating to me how the, you know, the really great universities operate in this respect.

如果你想拿到那种像圣旨一样的认可,我是说,你想进 finance department,就得先签字站队,接受现在这帮人的那一套。

If you get a sacred writ, I mean, you get in the finance department because you sign on, you know, to whatever the present group thinks.

如果他们觉得地球是平的,那你最好也觉得地球是平的。

And if they think the world is flat, you better think the world is flat too.

你的学生到了考试的时候,最好也得回答说地球是平的。

And your students better answer that the world's flat when they get on exams.

我会说,这个国家的 investment finance 教学,整体来看,挺可怜的。

I would say investment finance teaching in this country is, in general, is kind of pathetic.
M1
M13:30

嗯,我觉得 business schools 在 accounting 或者 personnel management 这些方面,其实做得相当不错,或者说——还有很多科目,我觉得他们都教得挺好的。

Well, I think the business schools do a pretty good job when it comes to accounting or personnel management, or—there are a whole lot of subjects I think they do quite well with.

但他们错过了一个巨大的机会。

But they miss one enormous opportunity.

如果你学会了怎么聪明地思考,怎样才能在企业投资上取得成功,那你就会成为一个比原来好得多的企业管理者;而不是那种根本不擅长理解成功投资需要什么的人。

If you learn to think intelligently about how to invest successfully in businesses, you'll become a much better business manager than you will if you aren't good at understanding what's required for successful investment.

所以,他们在 investment 教学上做得这么差,其实就是白白错过了一个大好机会,没能借此提升整个管理这个职业。

So they're missing a huge opportunity to improve the management profession by doing such a lousy job in teaching investment.
M2
M24:16

对,你看,Charlie 和我总是会见到一些 CEO,他们在某种意义上并不知道该怎么去思考自己要收购的企业到底值多少钱。

Yes, see, Charlie and I see CEOs all the time who, in a sense, don't know how to think about the value of businesses they're acquiring.

然后呢,你知道,他们就跑去找 investment bankers,结果你猜怎么着?

And then, you know, so they go out and hire investment bankers, and guess what?

investment banker 会告诉他们该怎么做,劝他们去做,因为要是做成了,他们拿的是二十倍 x;不做的话,只能拿 x。

The investment banker tells them what to do, tells them to do it, because they get 20x if they do it and x if they don't do it.

那你猜这种建议最后会偏向哪边?

And guess how the advice comes out?

所以啊——当一个企业管理者在 asset allocation 这个问题上感到无助时,虽然他不会明说,但内心其实是无助的,那你就真的有大麻烦了。

So, it's—when a manager of a business feels helpless, which he won't say out loud, but inwardly feels helpless in the question of asset allocation, you know, you've got a real problem.

而且我觉得,他们读过的 business schools,并没有真正在如何思考企业 valuation 这件事上,给过他们什么实质性的帮助。

And there aren't—they have not gone to business schools that have given them any real help, I think, in terms of learning how to think about valuation in businesses.

而且你知道,这也是为什么我们会写一些、讲一些这方面的东西,因为这里面确实存在一个空白。

And, you know, that's one of the reasons that we write and talk about it some, because it's—there's a gap there.

好,第一题。

Okay, number one.