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2001年股东大会 · 芒格:提升幸福感的秘密——降低你的预期

49 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:41
M1
M10:00

Buffett 先生,Munger 先生,你们好,我叫 Joe Schulman。

Mr. Buffett, Mr. Munger, my name is Joe Schulman.

我是来自 Maryland 州 Oxford 的股东。

I'm a shareholder from Oxford, Maryland.

感谢你们办了这么精彩的一场会议。

Thank you for a wonderful meeting.

如果 Berkshire 想要有机会——最好是——把盈利做到每年大约百分之十五的增长,假如我们接下来这几年能做到这一点,那很显然,由于盈利和 float 的再配置,现有业务本身并不需要以百分之十五的速度增长。

In order for Berkshire to have an opportunity to hopefully grow its earnings by about 15% per year, if we can do that, at least for the next few years, it's obvious that because of the redeployment of earnings and float, so the existing businesses do not need to grow at 15%.

那你们觉得,现有业务大概要以什么样的增速,才能实现我刚才说的那种接近整体目标的增长?另外,你们觉得实现这个目标的概率有多大?

At what rate would you expect the existing businesses to grow to achieve an aggregate rate close to what I'm describing, and what do you think the probability is of achieving that?
M2
M20:43

对,我觉得,我们要是在一个很长的时期里实现盈利每年百分之十五的增长,这个概率已经接近于零了,低到都不值得算。

Yeah, well, I think the probability of us achieving 15% growth in earnings over an extended period of years is so close to zero it's not worth calculating.

我的意思是,我们会尽全力,而且我们做这件事也很开心。

I mean, we'll do our best, and we have a lot of fun doing it.

所以这并不是说,我们得硬着头皮去做一些让我们觉得很无聊的事情,或者类似那种事。

So it is not something where we have to come down and do things that are boring to us or anything of the sort.

我的意思是,我们的倾向一直都是,凡是我们能理解的事情,我们都会尽可能、而且是合理合法地去提升 Berkshire 的盈利,但长期来看,这种百分之十五的增长做不到。

I mean, our inclination is to very much do everything we can legitimately to add to Berkshire's earnings in things we can understand, but it can't happen over time.

你知道,我们会有些年份做到这一点,但——你说得完全对,我们并不需要靠现在这些业务来做到。

You know, we will have years when we do it, but—and you're quite correct in pointing out we don't need to do it from the present businesses.

我们会一直不断增加新的业务,就像一九六五年我们也并不需要只靠当时那个纺织业务来做到一样。

We will add things all the time, any more than we needed to do it from the current business back in 1965 with the textile business.

我的意思是,我们必须边走边调整、边走边应变,而且我们也会这么做。

I mean, we have to improvise as we go along, and we will.

而且我们现在拥有的这些业务,整体来说都是好业务。

And the businesses we have are good businesses in aggregate.

它们会有不错的表现。

They will do well.

它们不可能做到接近每年百分之十五的增长,但是——这些业务会给我们带来一个不错的增长速度,在这个基础上,我们还会叠加收购,而这些收购也会增加盈利。

They won't do anything like 15% growth per annum, but—we will take a good rate of progress from those businesses, and we will superimpose upon that acquisitions which will add to that.

但是,长期来看,我们做不到百分之十五。顺便说一句,我们也不认为美国任何一家大型公司长期来看能做到这一点。

But we can't do 15 over a period of time, and nor, incidentally, do we think any large company in the United States is likely to do.

也许会有那么一两家能在很长时间里做到,但要预测 Fortune 500 里最终会是哪一两家、两三家,那是非常难的。

There will be a couple that do it for a long period of time, but to predict which of the Fortune 500 will end up being the 1 or 2 or 3 would be very hard to do.

而且五百家里也不会超过那么几家。

And it won't be more than a couple out of 500.

如果你看的是那些大型公司,而且不是从一个被压低了的基准年份开始算的话,我觉得我们这种方法已经是相当不错的了。

If you take large companies not working from a deflated base year, I think our method is a pretty good one.

我的意思是,拥有一组好业务,这些业务整体上能大量地产生现金流,它们自己也在增长,又是由非常出色的人来经营;然后再在这个基础上继续增加同类业务,有时候速度慢一点,但偶尔也会有比较快的时候,同时又不增加流通在外的股份。

I mean, I think the idea of having a group of good businesses that throw off cash in aggregate in a big way, that themselves grow, that are run by terrific people, and then adding on to those, sometimes at a slow rate, but every now and then at a good clip, more businesses of the same kind, and not increasing the outstanding shares.

我觉得,对于我们这个体量的公司来说,这差不多已经是你能拥有的最好的商业模式了。

I think that's about as good a business model as you can have for a company our size.

但最后它能产出什么结果,还得走着看。

But what it produces, we'll have to see.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:59

我当然同意,把这种每年百分之十五的增长一路外推到很远的未来,几乎是不可能的。

I certainly agree that the chances of this 15% per annum progress extrapolated way forward is virtually impossible.

我觉得,总体来说,美国的股东这个群体,应该把自己的预期大幅降低。

I think generally the shareholding class in America should reduce its expectations a lot.
M2
M23:19

包括 pension funds。

Including the pension funds.
M3
M33:20

对,包括 pension funds,绝对包括。

Yeah, including the pension funds, you bet.

人们按过去的表现这么一路外推,实在是很愚蠢。

It's stupid the way people are extrapolating the past.

不是有点愚蠢,是非常非常愚蠢。

Not slightly stupid, massively stupid.
M2
M23:31

顺便说一句,这其实是个很值得想想的信息——我的意思是,没人会因为说这种话获得什么经济利益;可要是说完全相反的话,人们倒是有各种各样的经济利益。

And this is a message, incidentally, if you think about it—I mean, nobody has any interest in saying this, a financial interest in saying it, whereas people have all kinds of financial interests in saying just the opposite.

我的意思是,如果你去听金融圈的说法,或者看金融媒体,你是得不到真正的信息流的。

I mean, so it— you do not get an information flow if you listen to the financial world or read the financial press.

你拿到的信息流,在看待这个问题这件事上,根本谈不上任何平衡,因为钱是在“相信点不一样的东西”这件事里。

You do not get an information flow that is balanced in any way in terms of looking at the problem, because the money is in believing something different.
M1
M14:04

对。

Right.
M2
M24:07

而钱这东西,你知道,会让人变得有名,或者说,在投资圈里,一个人出了名,钱也会跟着来。至于你是上电视节目,还是替别人管钱,或者通过基金之类的方式去吸引资金,不管是哪种都一样。

And money is what, you know, it's what causes people to become prominent, or it flows from becoming prominent in the investment world in terms of whether you go on television shows or whether you manage money or are trying to attract it through funds or whatever it may be.

我觉得,如果你是个 actuarial consultant,而且你坚持要求那些拿你 actuarial report 的公司,采用百分之六的投资回报率,我看你根本不会有客户。

I don't think if you were an actuarial consultant and you insisted that your company, the companies that you gave your actuarial report to, use a 6% investment rate, I don't think you'd have a client.

所以在我看来,这些顾问实际上几乎不可能在这个问题上保持智识上的诚实。

So, it's almost impossible for the advisors, in effect, in my view, to be intellectually honest on it.
M1
M14:47

你不这么觉得吗,Charlie?

Don't you think so, Charlie?
M3
M34:48

对,我那座城市里有一位非常聪明的——现在也还是非常聪明的投资顾问。他说很多年前,有一家做 risk arbitrage 的公司会对他的客户说,我们知道怎么做到每年百分之十五,而且年年如此。

Yeah, there was a very smart— there is a very smart investment advisor in my town, and he said that years ago, some risk arbitrage firm would tell his clients, we know how to make 15% per annum year in and year out.

他说,在很多年前,大家都会说这不可能。

And he said, years ago everybody said that's impossible.

他说,现在在这种环境下,大家会说,那又怎样?

He says, now in this climate they say, so what?

你知道,谁会对区区百分之十五这种烂收益感兴趣?

You know, who's interested in a lousy 15%?
M2
M25:16

而且在更早的那种环境里,这件事要容易得多。

And it was easier in the earlier climate.
M3
M35:18

对。

Yes.
M2
M25:18

很明显,因为当时还没有那么多钱被吸引进去。

Obviously, because the money hadn't been attracted into it.
M3
M35:21

一般来说,坚定地降低预期,比其他任何方式都更能带来幸福感。

Generally speaking, there's more felicity to be gained by firmly reducing expectations than in any other way.

对在场这群人来说,抱着很高的预期,简直是疯了。

It is simply crazy for this group to have very high expectations.

适度一点的预期,对我们大家来说就已经很好了。

Moderate expectations will do fine for all of us.
M2
M25:38

好,我们在离开——也就是午休前,再接一个问题。

Okay, we'll take one more before we go— we break for lunch.

我们看二号。

We'll go to number 2.