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优秀的基金管理人应该有怎样的特质

42 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:02
M1
M10:00

大家好,我是来自 San Francisco 的 Jeff Maloy,这是我第一次参加股东大会。

Hi, I'm Jeff Maloy from San Francisco, and this is my first shareholders meeting.

Buffett 先生、Munger 先生,我今年二十七岁,也希望有一天能像你们两位一样,成为一名优秀的资金管理人。

Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger, I'm 27 years old and aspire to be a great money manager like you two one day.

我正在考虑自己成立一只投资基金。

I am considering starting my own investment fund.

但我也明白,我还年轻,还有很多东西要学。

But I also recognize that I am young and have a lot to learn.

我想请教二位,你们当年是怎么判断自己已经准备好管理别人的钱了?另外,对像我这样处境的人,你们会给什么样的建议?

My question to both of you is, how did you know you were ready to manage other people's money, and what general advice would you give to someone in my shoes?

谢谢。

Thank you.
M2
M20:50

嗯,这是个很有意思的问题,因为我自己也经历过这个,而且我有一段时间确实做过证券销售。

Well, it's a very interesting question, because I've faced that, and I sold securities for a while.

不过到了一九五六年五月,我家里有好几个人——我那时候从 New York 回来了——他们希望我帮他们打理股票,就像我去 New York 工作之前早些时候做过的那样。

But in May of 1956, I had a number of members of my family—I'd come back from New York, and they wanted me to help them out with stocks, as I had earlier before I'd taken a job in New York.

我当时说,我不想做卖股票那门生意,但我想——我是真的很喜欢投资。

And I said I did not want to get in the stock sales business, but I wanted to—I enjoyed investing.

我也很高兴能想出一个办法来做这件事,后来我就是通过 partnership 这种形式来做的。

I was glad to figure out a way to do it, which I did through a partnership form.

但如果我觉得真的有任何可能会把钱亏掉,我就不会这么做。

But I would not have done that if I thought there was any chance really that I would lose the money.

而且我担心的不是我自己会怎么表现,而是他们会怎么反应。

And what I was worried about was not how I would behave, but how they would behave.

因为我需要那些和我步调一致的人。

Because I needed people who were in sync with me.

所以,一九五六年五月,我们和七个人一起坐下来吃晚饭,这些人要么和我有亲戚关系,要么其中一个是我大学时的室友以及他的母亲。我把 partnership agreement 给他们看,然后我说,你们不用读这个。

So when we sat down for dinner in May of 1956 with seven people who either were related to me or one was a roommate in college and his mother, and I showed them the partnership agreement, I said, you don't need to read this.

你知道,我在这份 agreement 里绝不会做任何不合适的事情,所以你们不用找律师来看,也不用做这类事情。

You know, there's no way that I'm doing anything in the agreement that is in any way that—you know, you don't need a lawyer to read it or anything of the sort.

但我跟他们说,这里是一些基本规则,也就是我认为自己能做到什么,以及我希望别人用什么标准来评价我。

But I said, here are the ground rules as to what I think I can do and how I want to be judged.

如果你们和我步调一致,我就愿意替你们管理资金,因为那样我就不用担心市场一跌,你们会恐慌,或者别人跟你们说点不同的话,你们就动摇了。

And if you're in sync with me, I want to manage your money because then I won't worry about the fact that you will panic if the market goes down or somebody tells you something different.

所以我们必须看法一致;如果我们看法一致,那我就不担心替你们管钱。

So we have to be on the same page, and if we're on the same page, then I'm not worried about managing your money.

但如果我们看法不一致,

And if we aren't on the same page,

我就不想管理你们的钱,因为在我认为其实更应该继续投资的时候,你们可能反而会失望,诸如此类。

I don't want to manage your money because you may be disappointed when I think that things are even better to be investing in, and so on.

所以我觉得,你应该先给自己定好一套基本规则,明确你的预期是什么,什么时候别人应该给你送玫瑰,什么时候应该朝你扔砖头。

So I think you ought to have your own ground rules as to what your expectations are, when they should send you roses and when they should throw bricks at you.

而且你要和他们站在同一页上——这也是为什么我在 partnership 里从来没有接受过哪怕一家机构,因为——机构就意味着 committee,而 committee 又意味着——

And you want to be on the same—and that's one reason I never—we didn't have a single institution in the partnership because—institutions meant committees, and committees meant that—
M3
M33:06

你有几位阿姨很信任你。

You had some aunts that trusted you.

你说什么?

What's that?

你有几位很信任你的阿姨。

You had some aunts who trusted you.
M2
M23:10

对,没错,还有一位岳父把他在这世上的全部家当都交给了我。不过——只要他能一直和我站在一起,不会被新闻标题或者类似那种东西吓慌,我就不介意接下他全部的钱。

Yeah, well, and a father-in-law that gave me everything he had in the world, you know, but—and I didn't mind taking everything he had in the world as long as he would stick with me and wouldn't get panicked by headlines and that sort of thing.

所以,特别、特别重要的一点是,你不要接受那些对你抱有你根本无法满足的期待的人。

And so it's very—it's enormously important that you don't take people that have expectations of you that you can't meet.

这就意味着,你得拒绝很多人。

And that means you turn down a lot of people.

这也意味着,你大概率得从很小的规模开始做起,然后做出一份经过审计的业绩记录。

It means you probably start very small and you get an audited record.

等到你已经有了那种把握——如果连你自己的父母来找你,要把他们所有的钱都交给你投资——你都能有底气对他们说,我也许拿不到最好的业绩记录,但我可以确保,随着时间推移,你们会得到一份体面的业绩表现。

And when you've got the confidence where if your own parents came to you and they were going to give you all their money and you were going to invest for them, you've got the kind of confidence that you'll say, I may not get the best record, but I'll be sure that you get a decent record over time.

到那时候,你就准备好去做这件事了。

That's when you're ready to go on it.
M3
M33:58

我给你讲个故事吧,我经常讲给那些来找我的年轻律师听,他们老是问我,怎么才能不干律师了,改行去当亿万富翁?

Let me tell you a story that I tell young lawyers who frequently come to me and say, how can I quit practicing law and become a billionaire instead?

我会说,嗯,这让我想起一个他们讲 Mozart 的故事。

I say, well, it reminds me of a story they told about Mozart.

有个年轻人去找他,对他说,我想创作交响乐,我想跟你聊聊这件事。

A young man came to him and he said, I want to compose symphonies and I want to talk to you about that.

Mozart 说,你多大了?

Mozart said, how old are you?

那个人说,二十二岁。

The man said, 22.

然后 Mozart 说,你还太年轻,写不了交响乐。

And Mozart said, you're too young to do symphonies.

那家伙就说,可是你十岁的时候就在写交响乐了。

And the guy says, but you were writing symphonies when you were 10 years old.

他说,没错,但我可没有到处跑着问别人该怎么做。

He says, yes, but I wasn't running around asking other people how to do it.
M2
M24:42

Carol,我们祝你一切顺利。

Carol, we wish you well.

而且我们——其实我们真的是这么想的,因为你会问出这样的问题,在某种程度上就说明,你一开始的心态就是对的。

And we— and actually, we really do, because the fact you ask that sort of a question is, to some extent, indicative of the fact you got the right attitude going in.
M3
M34:59

想成为一个伟大的投资人,可没那么容易。

It isn't that easy to be a great investor.