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2002年股东大会 · 芒格:不要以为股指不可能常年在低位徘徊

21 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 2:56
M1
M10:00

大家下午好。

Good afternoon.
M2
M20:01

我叫 Bob Boudin,来自纽约州的 Rochester。

My name is Bob Boudin from Rochester, New York.
M1
M10:05

Munger 先生,今天上午在讨论 index fund 的时候,您拿 Japan 举例,说这是一个主要股指在很长一段时间里表现糟糕的真实案例。

Mr. Munger, this morning while discussing index funds, you used the example of Japan as a real example of poor performance of a major index over a long period.

事实上,S&P 500 指数从六十年代初到七十年代中期,按实际购买力算,下跌了百分之六十以上。

Indeed, the S&P 500 index declined over 60% in real terms from the early '60s through the mid-'70s.

您能不能谈谈,您在投资决策中是用哪些 mental models 来考虑 inflation 或 deflation 的影响,以及未来十年里这两者发生的可能性有多大?

Could you discuss the mental models you use to consider the impact of inflation or deflation on your investment decisions and the likelihood of either occurring over the next decade?
M3
M30:50

这个嘛,一部分容易回答,一部分又挺难。

Well, that's— partly easy and partly tough.

如果利率会大幅上升,那股票价格显然就可能出现很大的通缩式下跌,你刚才提到的美国那段时期,很多就是这种情况。

If interest rates are going to go way up, you can obviously have a lot of deflation of stock prices, and a lot of that happened in the American period you're talking about.

Japan 这个案例有意思的地方在于,我觉得以前没人会认为,一个现代的大型 Keynesian 民主国家,有良好的工程文化、产品质量文化、产品创新文化等等,居然也会在没有发生严重经济萧条的情况下,出现连续十三年负回报的时期。

What's interesting about Japan is that I don't think anybody thought that a major modern Keynesian democracy pervaded by a good culture in terms of engineering, product quality, product innovation, and so forth, could have a period where you would have negative returns for 13 years without major depression either.

我还认为,更特别的是,这件事发生时利率是在往下走,而不是往上走。

I think it— I think that— and that it would occur while interest rates were going down, not up.

我觉得这太新奇了,以至于过去那些模型完全没能预测到。

I think that was so novel that the models of the past totally failed to predict it.

不过我认为,这类反常现象总是非常有意思。

But I think these anomalies are always very interesting.

而且我觉得,如果 Americans 认定 Argentina 正在发生的事,和 Japan 已经发生过的事,永远都绝不可能在 America 发生,那就太疯狂了。

And I think it's crazy for Americans to assume that what's happening in Argentina and what has happened in Japan are totally inconceivable forever in America.

这并不是完全不可想象的。

They are not totally inconceivable.
M2
M22:14

Japan 的股票价格当年出现过巨大的泡沫,而现在利率又几乎降到了零。

You had a huge bubble in equity prices in Japan, and now you've had interest rates go to virtually nothing.

时间也已经过去了这么久。

You've had the passage of time.

这个国家也没有消失。

The country hasn't disappeared.

人们还是每天照常上班,可是这个——Nikkei,你知道的,现在只剩下很多年前高点时的三分之一。

People are going to work every day, and you've had this— the Nikkei, you know, now at a third of what it sold for not that many years ago.

这是个很有意思的现象。

It's an interesting phenomenon.
M3
M32:37

而且还有大规模的财政刺激。

And huge fiscal stimulus.

在整个那段时期里,政府一直都在这么做。

In the whole period from the government.
M2
M22:42

我觉得,泡沫破裂后的时期,会怎么样,取决于泡沫到底有多大,以及有多少人参与其中,它造成的后果,未必是每个人都能非常准确预测到的。

Post-bubble periods, I think, depending on how big the bubble is and how many were participating in it, can produce fallout that not everyone will be terribly good at predicting.