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2001年股东大会 · 巴菲特:过分强调区分“价值股”和“成长股”概念的人不懂投资

43 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:32
M1
M10:01

早上好。

Good morning.

我是来自 Nebraska 州 Waterloo 的 Moe Spence。

Moe Spence from Waterloo, Nebraska.

您经常说,价值和成长其实是同一枚硬币的两面。

You've often stated that value and growth are opposite sides of the same coin.

您愿意展开讲讲吗?

Would you care to elaborate on that?

还有,您更喜欢那种价格便宜的成长型公司,还是那种有中等或者更好增长前景的价值型公司?

And do you prefer a growth company that is selling cheap or a value company with moderate or better growth prospects?
M2
M20:23

嗯,其实,我觉得你这话对我的意思有点引申了。

Well, actually, I think you may be misquoting me a bit.

我真正说的是,growth 和 value 是没法区分开的。

I really said that growth and value, they're indistinguishable.

它们是同一个公式的一部分。

They're part of the same equation.

或者更准确地说,growth 是 value 公式里的一部分。

Or really, growth is part of the value equation.

所以,我们的看法是,并不存在所谓的 growth stocks 或 value stocks,至少不像 Wall Street 通常描述的那样,把它们当成彼此对立的资产类别。

So, our position is that there is no such thing as growth stocks or value stocks the way Wall Street generally portrays them, as being contrasting asset classes.

growth 通常对 value 是有利的,但前提是,你现在投入更多资本之后,未来能增加的现金回流,其回报率要明显高于当前的利率。

Growth usually is a positive for value, but only when it means that by adding capital now, you add more cash availability later on at a rate that's considerably higher than the current rate of interest.

所以,不存在那种——我们不会——我们在买任何一家企业的时候,都会把我们预期它未来会流出的现金、或者会流入的现金,都算进去。

So there is no— we don't— we calculate into any business we buy what we expect to have happen in terms of the cash that's going to come out of it or the cash that's going to go into it.

我刚才提到过,在 FlightSafety,我们今年要买价值两亿美元的 simulators。

As I mentioned, at FlightSafety, we're going to buy $200 million worth of simulators this year.

我们的折旧大概会在七千万美元左右。

Our depreciation will probably be in the area of $70 million or thereabouts.

所以,我们等于是在这门生意里,投进了比折旧多出一亿三千万美元的资金。

So we're putting $130 million above depreciation into that business.

那么,这可能是好事,也可能是坏事。

Now, that can be good or bad.

我的意思是,这当然是 growth。

I mean, it's growth.

这一点毫无疑问。

There's no question about it.

到今年年底,我们会拥有多得多的 simulators。

We'll have a lot more simulators at the end of the year.

但这到底是好是坏,取决于随着时间推移,这笔新增的一亿三千万美元能给我们赚到什么样的回报。

But whether that's good or bad depends on what we earn on that incremental $130 million over time.

所以,如果你跟我说,你持有一家会一路增长到天上的企业,这不是很棒吗?

So if you tell me that you own a business that's going to grow to the sky, and isn't that wonderful?

我可不知道这是不是很棒,除非我先知道这种增长背后的经济性质是什么:你今天得投入多少,以及你今天投进去这些钱,以后到底能收获多少。

I don't know whether it's wonderful or not until I know what the economics are of that growth, how much you have to put in today and how much you will reap from putting that in today later on.

一个经典案例,还是航空业。

And the classic case again is the airline business.

航空业从很早开始就是个 growth business 了,嗯,你知道,自从 Orville 起飞那天起就是了。

The airline business has been a growth business ever since, well, you know, Orville took off.

但是,对这个行业来说,growth 恰恰是发生在它身上最糟糕的事。

But it's— the growth has been the worst thing that happened to it.

这对美国公众来说当然是很棒的。

It's been great for the American public.
M1
M12:19

对。

Yeah.
M2
M22:20

但在航空业里,growth 一直是一种诅咒,因为越来越多的资本被投进这个行业,却拿不到足够的回报。

But growth has been a curse in the airline business because more and more capital has been put into the business at inadequate returns.

而在 See's Candies,growth 就很美妙,因为要卖出更多磅的糖果,只需要相对很少的新增投资。

Now, growth is wonderful at See's Candies because it requires relatively little incremental investment to sell more pounds of candy.

所以说,growth——我在一些年报里也谈过这个——它是整个公式的一部分。

So it's growth, and I've discussed this in some of the annual reports, growth is a part of the equation.

但是,任何告诉你应该把钱投在成长股或者价值股里的人,实际上都不懂投资。

But anybody that tells you you ought to have your money in growth stocks or value stocks really does not understand investing.

除此之外,他们都是很棒的人。

Other than that, they're terrific people.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:59

嗯,我觉得可以这么说,Berkshire 的总部团队非常精简,而且这些人年纪也都不小了,所以我们特别偏好那种一次投入大笔资金、以后就不用我们再聪明一次的机会。

Well, I think it's fair to say that Berkshire, with a very limited headquarters staff, and that staff pretty old, we are especially partial to laying out large sums of money under circumstances where we won't have to be smart again.

换句话说,如果我们以合理的价格买下由优秀管理者经营的好企业,那么很有可能你们会和我们一起兴旺很多很多年,而总部也不需要再多出多少智慧。

In other words, if we buy good businesses run by good people at reasonable prices, there's a good chance that you people will prosper with us for many decades without more intelligence at headquarters.

从某种意义上说,你也可以把这叫做成长股投资。

And you can say, in a sense, that's growth stock investing.
M2
M23:43

对,如果你让 Wall Street 从一九六五年以来,逐年给 Berkshire 分类,说这到底是成长型企业还是价值型企业,是成长股还是价值股,谁知道他们会怎么说。

Yeah, if you'd asked Wall Street to classify Berkshire since 1965, year by year, is this a growth business or a value business, a growth stock or value stock, you know, who knows what they would have said.

不过,真正的重点是,我们现在投入资本,是为了以后拿到更多资本,或者说更多钱。

But, you know, the real point is that we're trying to put out capital now to get more capital or money later on.

我们现在拿出现金,是为了以后收回更多现金。

We're trying to put out cash now to get more cash back later on.

如果你这么做,企业当然就会增长。

And if you do that, the business grows, obviously.

你可以把这叫价值,也可以把这叫成长,但它们不是两个不同的类别。

And you can call that value or you can call it growth, but they're not two different categories.

所以每次我听到有人说,现在该从成长股转到价值股了,或者类似这种话,我都会很别扭,因为这根本说不通。

And I just cringe when I hear people talk about, now it's time to move from growth stocks to value stocks, or something like that, because it just doesn't make any sense.

四区。

Zone 4.