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2008年股东大会 · 巴菲特:史诗级的投资机会固然好,但我这一生也就遇到四五次

35 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:39
M1
M10:00

Buffett 先生,Munger 先生,你们好。我叫 Oliver Krautscheidt,来自德国法兰克福。

Dear Mr. Buffett, dear Mr. Munger, my name is Oliver Krautscheidt from Frankfurt in Germany.

次贷危机已经导致资本市场上的定价出现了不一致。

The subprime crisis has led to inconsistent pricing in capital markets.

信贷资产现在都在大幅折价交易,但与此同时,股票价格却没有体现这一点——没有反映出这个情况。

Credits are trading at large discounts and at the same time the equities do not respect— do not reflect this.

我的问题是,这种情况什么时候会结束?你们又会怎么利用这种市场错位来获利?

My question is, when will this be over and how do you take advantage of market dislocations?
M2
M20:29

嗯,只要市场出现错位,总会有办法从中获利,不过寻找这些机会的乐趣,我们就留给你了。

Well, when there are market dislocations, there are always ways to take advantage of it, but we'll leave for you the joy of searching for those.

不过,确实出现过一些非常重要的错位。我今天顺手带了几个我们最近做过的数字,给大家当个消遣,不过这对 Berkshire 来说并没有什么重大意义。

But there have been some really important dislocations, and I brought along just for your amusement a few figures on something that we've done recently, but it doesn't have any big significance for Berkshire.

我的意思是,这种机会你偶尔是能碰到的。

I mean, and you find those occasionally.

一九九八年 Long-Term Capital Management 危机之后,你就能找到这样的机会;一九七四年的股市里,也能找到类似的机会,诸如此类。

You found that after the Long-Term Capital Management crisis in 1998, and you found the equivalent of it in the stock market in 1974, and so on.

而这些时候,正是能赚到非常规大钱的好时候。

And those are great times to make unusual amounts of money.

不过,如果你——有些东西我们也看不明白。

And if you— there's certain things we can't figure out.

我最近在 The Wall Street Journal 上看到一些广告,说有些很冷门的 mortgage securities 正在拍卖。

I see in The Wall Street Journal, I see advertisements these days of auctions taking place in some esoteric mortgage securities.

如果你有足够的时间,你大概能把其中一些研究明白,找出那些定价严重错误的品种。

If you had enough time, you could probably figure out some of those that were very mispriced.

我们不碰那个。

We don't fool around with that.

那个,呃,我们就是没有那个时间。

That, uh, we just don't have the time.

我们现在能做的有四——我们目前在这上面大概投了四十亿美元。

We were able to do four— we have about $4 billion in this right now.

等这一轮全做完,我们大概也就是多赚几个月的钱。

When we get all through, we'll have made some extra money for a couple of months.

相对于 Berkshire 的体量来说,这不算什么大事,不过,这确实是件非常容易做的事。

It won't be significant in relation to Berkshire's size, but, but it's something that's very easy to do.

如果你愿意在一些更小的标的上花非常非常多的功夫,在这场 mortgage 的混乱里,你也许能找到机会。

You may be able to find by working very, very hard on some smaller issues you might be able to find in this mess in mortgages.

而且问题已经不只是次贷了,已经蔓延到各种 A 类贷款,也蔓延到了 option ARMs 之类的东西。

And it's gone beyond subprime, it's gone into all the A's, and it's gone into option ARMs and that sort of thing.

你也许——外面很可能确实还有一些很棒的机会,只是 Charlie 和我已经不会再发现它们了,因为我们实在没法同时看那么多东西。

You may— there very well could be some great opportunities out there that Charlie and I will no longer spot because we just can't be looking at that many things.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:08

对,真正有意思的是,这种利用市场错位的机会,往往持续的时间都特别短。

Yeah, what is interesting is how brief these opportunities to take advantage of dislocations frequently are.

有个蠢货 hedge fund 买了几乎无限量的 municipal bonds,而且你知道,杠杆大得惊人。

Some idiot hedge fund bought unlimited municipal bonds at, you know, incredible margins.

我想,他们买的 municipal bonds 大概是自己资金承受能力的二十倍,其他的钱全都是借来的。

I think they bought 20 times more municipal bonds than they could afford with their own money, borrowing all the rest.

等到这些东西因为保证金追缴被抛出来的时候,美国的 municipal bonds 一下子就被错杀了,不过这种错位持续的时间非常短。

And when those things were dumped on margin calls, municipal bonds suddenly got mispriced in America, but the dislocation was very brief.

所以你——

So you—.
M2
M22:48

但幅度非常极端。

But very extreme.
M3
M32:49

对,但幅度非常极端。

But very extreme.

所以如果你不能反应很快、行动很坚决,那这种机会对你也没什么用。

And so if you can't think fast and act resolutely, it does you no good.

所以这就像一个人站在溪边拿鱼叉扎鱼,那条鱼可能一周来一次,一个月来一次,甚至十年才来一次;你必须站在那里,在鱼游走之前,立刻把鱼叉扔出去。

So you're like a man standing by a stream trying to spear a fish, and the fish just comes by once a week or once a month or once every 10 years, and you've got to be there to throw that spear fast before the fish swims on.

如果你真要把这个业务做好,这其实是个要求很高的行当。

It's a pretty demanding business if you do it right.
M2
M23:14

不过也确实有那么几次——我是说,在 junk bond 市场,二零零二年有三四个月的时间,发生了一些非常不可思议的事,而且规模还很大。

But there have been times—I mean, in the junk bond market, there was a 3 or 4 month period in 2002 where some really incredible things happened, and they happened on a large scale.
M3
M33:25

所以,嗯,呃,对,这种事大概一百年里也就发生两次。

So that, um, uh, yeah, it happens about twice a century.
M2
M23:30

对,这也就是说,我和他这一辈子也就只有四五次机会能这么做。

Yeah, which means he and I have only had 4 or 5 times when we could do it.

来,我们看第四个问题。

Let's go to number 4.