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1998年股东大会 · 巴菲特:外国抛售美国国债并不是一件值得担忧的事

53 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:58
F1
F10:00

大家好,我叫 Mary Semmler,来自 Washington 州 Seattle。

Hi, my name is Mary Semmler from Seattle, Washington.

Japan 是美国国债的一个主要持有国。

Japan is a major holder of U.S. Treasuries.

考虑到 Japan 现在经济状况不太好,你觉得他们会不会把在美国的投资变现,来给自己纾困?

Given the troubled Japanese economy, do you foresee Japan cashing in their U.S. investments to bail themselves out?

为什么会,或者为什么不会?

Why or why not?
M1
M10:17

抱歉,你刚才那段我没全听清。

Sorry, I didn't get all that.

我刚才正忙着嚼东西。

I was busy chewing.

那个我也没听清。

I didn't get that either.

我刚才在这儿忙着嚼东西,不过——

I was busy chewing here, but—
F1
F10:24

Japan 是美国国债的一个主要持有国。

Japan is a major holder of U.S. Treasuries.
M2
M20:26

美国国债。

Treasuries.
F1
F10:27

考虑到 Japan 现在经济状况不太好,你觉得他们会不会把在美国的投资变现,来给自己纾困?

Given the troubled Japanese economy, do you foresee Japan cashing in their U.S. investments to bail themselves out?

为什么会,或者为什么不会?

Why or why not?
M1
M10:37

Japan 经济有这些问题,所以这是不是意味着——你特别是在问,他们会不会抛售美国国债,或者类似这样的事?

The problems with the Japanese economy, and does that mean that— are you thinking particularly about them dumping Treasuries or something of the sort?
M2
M20:43

对,她问的正是这个——

That's exactly what she's—
M1
M10:44

对。

Yeah.

嗯,你知道,这个很有意思。

Well, you know, it's very interesting.

大家老是在问,所谓的外国人会怎么处理他们的投资。

All the questions about what so-called foreigners do with investments.

我们就假设,Japan 或者其他任何国家,决定卖掉他们持有的一些美国政府资产。

Let's just assume that the Japanese or any other country decides to sell some U.S. government holdings that they have.

如果他们卖掉——如果他们把这些卖给美国公司、美国公民,或者别的什么人,那他们换回来的是啥?

If they sell— if they sell them to U.S. corporations or citizens or anything, what do they receive in exchange?

他们拿到的是美元。

They receive U.S. dollars.

那他们拿这些美元去做什么呢?

What do they do with the U.S. dollars?
M2
M21:18

你知道,我是说,他们——

You know, I mean, they—
M1
M11:18

他们没法把它卖掉。

They can't sell them.

他们没法脱离这个体系。

They can't get out of the system.

如果他们把这些卖给 French,你知道,French 会给他们一些别的东西作为交换。

If they sell them to the French, you know, the French give them something in return.

那现在就是 French 持有这些政府证券了。

Now the French own the government securities.

但其实,只要我们美国还在维持赤字,维持很大的赤字,贸易逆差,我们就在进行这样一种交易——我们接受外国的商品,同时给外国人一些东西作为交换。

But really, as long as we, the United States, run a deficit, a big deficit, a trade deficit, we are trade— we are accepting goods and giving something in exchange to foreigners.

我的意思是,不管他们送来什么,总的来看,他们送给我们的,比我们送到他们那边去的要多。

I mean, when they send us whatever it may be, and on balance, they send us more of that than we send over there.

那我们就要给他们一些东西作为交换。

We give them something in exchange.

我们给他们的——可能是一张 IOU,可能是一张 government bond,也可能是他们在美国做的一项投资。

We give them— we may give them an IOU, we may give them a government bond, but we may give them an investment they make in the United States.

但是,只要我们还是在净消费他们商品的人,他们就必须得是这个国家的净投资者。

But they, they have to be net investors in this country as long as we're net consumers of their goods.

这在逻辑上是必然的。

It's a tautology.

所以我甚至都不太知道,一个外国政府到底要怎么抛掉它持有的 government bonds,而不换回来别的某种资产;那样的话,影响可能只是跑到另一个市场上去。

So I don't even know quite how a foreign government dumps its government bonds without getting some other type of asset in exchange that, that may have an effect on a different market.

你在经济学里总该问的一个问题是——而且说实话,在别的地方这么问也不坏——那就是:然后呢?

The one question you always want to ask in economics is— and, and not a bad idea elsewhere too— but is, and then what?

因为任何一笔交易,永远都有另一面。

Because there, there's always a second side to a transaction.

你就问问自己,如果你是一家 Japanese bank,你卖掉十亿美元的 government bonds,U.S. government bonds,你换回来的是什么?

And just ask yourself, if you are a Japanese bank and you sell $1 billion worth of government bonds, U.S. government bonds, what do you receive in exchange?

然后你拿它去干什么?

And what do you do with it?

你要是顺着这个思路往下想,我觉得你就不会担心外国政府卖出 U.S. bonds 这件事了。

And if you follow that through, I don't think you'll be worried about foreign governments selling U.S. bonds.

这不构成威胁。

It is not a threat.
M2
M22:59

Charlie?

Charlie?

如果 Japan 是我的,我会希望持有大量的 U.S. Treasuries。

If I owned Japan, I would want a large holding of U.S. Treasuries.

你是一个岛国,国家资源也不算丰富。

You're an island nation without much in the way of national resources.

我觉得他们这个政策对 Japan 来说相当聪明;如果他们把手里的 Treasuries 全都抛掉,我会非常意外。

I think their policy is quite intelligent for Japan, and I'd be very surprised if they dumped all their Treasuries.
M1
M13:21

不过,只要他们对我们还是净出口国,他们又有什么别的选择呢?

If they're a net exporter to us, though, what choice do they have?

我是说,你想想看。

I mean, think about it.

如果他们运到我们这边来的商品,比我们运到他们那边去的更多——而事实一直就是这样——那他们就必须得到某种东西作为交换。

If they, if they send over more goods to us than we send to them, which has been the case, they have to get something in exchange.

有一阵子,他们是拿 movie studios 来作为交换。

Now, for a while they were taking movie studios in exchange.
F1
F13:35

不是。

No.
M1
M13:36

他们是拿 New York real estate 来作为交换。

They were taking New York real estate in exchange.

我是说,他们可以选择持有什么资产,但他们没法选择这样一件事:如果他们给我们的东西比从我们这儿拿到的更多,那他们就一定会得到某种投资性资产作为回报。

I mean, they've got a choice of assets, but they don't have a choice as to whether, if they send us more than they get from us, whether they get some investment asset in return.

我是说,让我很惊讶的是,居然这么少人讨论这一点——也就是,等式是有两边的这个事实。

I mean, it's amazing to me how little discussion there is of that, the fact that there's two sides to an equation.

不过我猜,如果反过来按另一种方式去解读,它确实更容易做成新闻标题。

But, but it, it makes for better headlines when, I guess, when, when read the other way.

呃,10区。

Uh, Zone 10.