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2004年股东大会 · 巴菲特:我从不做什么资产配置计划

46 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:42
M1
M10:00

Warren、Charlie,你们早上好。

Warren and Charlie, good morning.

我叫 Mo Seipens,来自 Nebraska 的 Waterloo。

My name is Mo Seipens from Waterloo, Nebraska.

很多年前,你们列过四五种你们认为适合 Berkshire 的投资工具,我记得其中包括普通股、长期债务,还有 arbitrage 机会。

Years ago, you listed the 4 or 5 investment vehicles you considered appropriate for Berkshire, including, I believe, common stocks, long-term debt, and arbitrage opportunities.

结合你们今年年报里的评论,我想请问,你们能不能按照偏好顺序再回顾一下那份名单,并且具体谈谈这些类别,尤其是现在的 arbitrage 环境?

In light of your comments in this year's annual report, I was wondering if you could review that list in order of preference and specifically comment on them, including the current environment for arbitrage?
M2
M20:34

嗯,你提到的这些项目——当然,还可以再细分成高等级债券和 junk bonds 之类——你说的这些,本质上都是备选方案。

Yeah, well, the items you name—and you could break that down by high-grade bonds, you know, versus junk bonds—and the items you mentioned are all alternatives.

你知道,Charlie 和我坐在一起想的,就是怎么把 Berkshire 的钱用在最好的地方。

You know, Charlie and I sit around and think about what's the best thing to do with Berkshire's money.

这其实是个相当简单的问题。我们对有些事情觉得自己有能力做判断,但也有不少事情,我们没有能力做判断。

It's a fairly simple proposition, and we have a number of things that we feel competent to make judgments on, and we have a number of things that, that we're not competent to make judgments on.

所以我们会缩小范围——我们希望能缩小到那些我们觉得自己看得懂、能理解的投资。

So we narrow—we hope, we hope to narrow the field to, to, uh, to investments that, that we think we can understand.

这类机会其实还是有相当一些的,虽然也有很多东西是我们看不懂的。

And there are a reasonable number of those, although there are a lot that we, that we can't understand.

嗯,我今天说的任何话,明天都可能会变。

Uh, anything I would say today, you know, can change tomorrow.

我们不会单独去看这些类别本身。

We don't, we don't, we don't think about the categories by themselves.

比如说,像二零零二年夏天到秋季中段那段时间,junk bonds 变得非常有吸引力,我们就买了很多。

Now, in a period like summer to mid-fall of 2002, when junk bonds became very attractive, we bought a lot of them.

但这并不是说,我们做了什么了不起的决定,说要去买 junk bonds。

But we didn't make some great decision to buy junk bonds.

只是我们开始看到一些具体的个别标的,它们像是在冲我们大喊:买、买、买。

We just started seeing things, individual items, that started screaming at us, you know, buy, buy, buy.

然后这种机会后来也就结束了。

And then that came to an end.

所以我们早上去办公室时,不会想着说,今天该看哪个类别,或者这些类别该怎么排优先级。

Uh, and so we don't go to the office in the morning thinking, what category, how do we prioritize our categories?

我们会保持开放的心态。那天不管我们看到什么,只要它足够有吸引力,跨过了那个门槛,让我们愿意把钱从短期现金里拿出来投进去,那它可能——也可能是 arbitrage。

We, you know, we have an open mind, and whatever we see that day that overcomes, or that crosses the threshold to where we take money out of short-term cash and move into it, it may—it could be arbitrage.
M3
M32:16

它可能会是——

It'd be—.
M2
M22:17

不过现在不太可能是 arbitrage,因为这个游戏要做到足以对 Berkshire 产生实质影响的规模,是很难的。

It's unlikely to be arbitrage now because that's a game that, to play on a scale that would have a meaningful effect at Berkshire, uh, is hard to do.

我的意思是,那得是非常大的交易才行,而这也是我们过去成功做过的事情。

I mean, they take very big deals, and it's something we've done successfully in the past.

这些年来,我们在 arbitrage 上赚了很多钱,而且过去有些时候还赚得相当稳定。

We've made a lot of money over the years in arbitrage, and, and quite consistently sometimes in the past.

但我们不会——Charlie 和我并没有一张清单,让我们每天、每个月或者每年都拿出来讨论,看看各个类别该怎么排优先级。

But we don't—Charlie and I do not have a checklist that we talk about every day or every month or every year in terms of prioritizing categories.

我们只是希望——我希望他能想到一个好主意。

We just hope—I hope he gets a good idea.

他也希望我能想到一个好主意。

He hopes I get a good idea.

等我们有了好主意,我们就会大举行动。

And when we get one, we move in a big way.

不过现在这些机会必须得足够大,这也限制了我们能做的东西。

Well, they have to be big now, and that's a limiting factor in terms of what's available for us.

你也知道,如果你看过年报的话,你就知道我们在 currencies 上建立了相当大的头寸。

As you know, if you read the annual report, you know, we, we took a significant position in currencies.

嗯,还有我前面稍微提到过的那笔交易,我们也在买 viatical settlements。

Uh, we're buying viatical settlements in terms of the transaction I mentioned a little earlier.

只要是我们能理解的东西,我们什么都愿意看。

We're open to anything we can understand.

不过,嗯,Charlie?

But, um, Charlie?
M3
M33:27

对,你其实是在让我们给两三个我们目前都不太感兴趣的事情排个优先顺序,而这种事我们不会花很多时间去想。

Yeah, you really asked us to determine an order of precedence among two or three activities we don't have much interest in at the moment, and that's not something we spend a lot of time at.

换句话说,我们手上有这么多现金,就是因为眼下我们对那些领域都不太喜欢;而把大把时间花在给那些你明明就不会去做的事情排先后上——对,我本来以为这儿有一张幻灯片,但其实没有。

In other words, we have all this cash because we don't much like any of those fields at the moment, and spending all the time thinking about orders of precedence among things you clearly are not going to do—yeah, I thought I had a slide here, but I don't.
M2
M24:04

不过,那个,二零零二年夏天到秋天我们买 junk bonds 的时候,我们买的真的是证券。

But it, uh, when we were buying junk bonds in the summer to fall of 2002, we were literally buying securities.

而且,而且我们只买那种我们能看得懂的 junk bonds,这离整个市场范围还差得很远,但我们当时确确实实是在按百分之三十、百分之三十五、百分之四十的到期收益率来买东西。

And, and we limited it to the kind of junk bonds we can understand, which is far from the whole universe, but we were, we were literally buying things on a 30%, 35%, 40% yield-to-maturity basis.

现在,我们买这些东西时,心态上其实是把它们当成 common stocks 来买的。

Now, we buy those with a mental attitude of buying common stocks.

很有意思的是,十二个月之内,其中一些当时收益率有百分之三十或者百分之三十五的同样证券,价格涨到了收益率只剩百分之六。

Interestingly enough, within 12 months, some of those same securities that were yielding 30% or 35% went to prices where they yielded only 6%.

我的意思是,你想想这种事情真的发生了,这实在是非常惊人。

I mean, that is truly remarkable when you think about that happening.

而且还是发生在一个并没有陷入大萧条之类状况的国家里。

In a country that was not in the throes of depression or anything.

我是说,证券市场里的价格会做出很惊人的事情,而当这种惊人的事情是朝着对我们有利的方向发生时,你知道,我们就会采取行动。

I mean, prices do amazing things in, in securities markets, and when they do something that strikes us as amazing in our direction, you know, we, we will act.

但是,那个,我们今天并不知道明天会做什么。

But, uh, we do not know today what we're going to be doing tomorrow.

我们还没有——我们,那个,你知道,我们有一些事情,有少数几件事可能会去做。

We haven't—we, uh, you know, we have some things, a few things we may be doing.

很可能——很可能我们明天就会去做它们,但我们不会为这个开什么委员会会议;还有那种有人说你应该把百分之五十的钱放在 bonds 里、百分之三十五放在 equities 里、再百分之十五——我们完全不会搞那一套。

They're likely—it's likely we're doing them tomorrow, but there's—we don't hold any committee meetings on this, and there's, you know, this business where somebody says you should have 50% of your money in bonds and 35%, you know, in equities and 15—we don't go through anything like that.

我是说,我们觉得那纯粹是胡扯。

I mean, we regard that as nonsense.

Charlie,你还有什么补充想法吗?

Any further thoughts, Charlie?

看来没有别的想法了。

No further thoughts, evidently.

六号麦克风。

Microphone 6.