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1998年股东大会 · 巴菲特:为何要拿伯克希尔与标普500指数的回报作比较?

51 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:07
F1
F10:00

来自 North Carolina 州 Cedar Mountain 的 Yvonne Edmonds。

Yvonne Edmonds from Cedar Mountain, North Carolina.

我有一个很具体的问题,不过不是个小问题。

I have a specific question, but not a trivial one.

你们经常把 Berkshire Hathaway 的表现跟 S&P 500 作比较,这很有帮助,也很有意思。

You regularly compare Berkshire Hathaway's performance to the S&P 500, which is very helpful and very interesting.

不过我还没见过一个相关系数,来衡量 S&P 500 的日度表现——比如说每天收盘到下一天收盘——和 Berkshire Hathaway 收盘价之间的关系。

But I haven't seen a correlation coefficient between the S&P 500 daily, from day-to-day performance, close, say, and Berkshire Hathaway's close.

对我来说,碰巧也是这样,我相信在场还有一些人也是一样,并不是总能看到报纸,或者说也不一定总能上网;而那些会每天公布 Berkshire Hathaway 表现的报纸,别说每天了,哪怕每周,甚至每月,也不一定看得到。

Now, it so happens for me, and I'm sure some other people in the audience, that I don't always have access to newspapers or the internet for that matter, newspapers that publish Berkshire Hathaway performance on a daily basis, or even a weekly basis for that matter, or a monthly basis.

如果能知道这两个变量之间相关系数大概有多强,会很有帮助。

It would be very helpful to know the extent of a correlation coefficient between those two variables.

如果你们有这个数据,能不能告诉我们是多少?

If you have that, would you let us know what it is?

如果没有的话,能不能请你们考虑算一下?

And if you don't, would you please consider calculating it?

以后把它算出来?

Calculating it in the future?
M1
M11:18

嗯,这个当然是可以算的,不过我觉得它意义不会太大。

Well, it could be calculated, but I don't think it would have much meaning.

我的意思是,那会只是一个历史上的相关系数。你知道,我会非常不愿意让大家对这种数字赋予什么分量。

I mean, it would be a historical correlation coefficient, which, you know, I would, I would be very reluctant to have people place any weight in.

就连我们每年做的相对表现比较,我也一直在努力说明它本身的局限性,因为我们过去能做到的事,今天已经做不到了。

I try to indicate even the limitations of the yearly comparison of the relative performance, because what was doable by us in the past is not doable today.

我在年报里提过,我这一生在相对表现上最好的十年,毫无疑问,是五十年代。

I, I mentioned in my annual report the best decade I ever had on comparative performance, by far, was the '50s.

但我不认为那是因为我那时候聪明得多。

Now, I don't think it was because I was a lot smarter then.

这一点我可不愿意承认。

I'm unwilling to accept that.

不过,你知道,我那时候确实有一些优势——嗯,大概是每年高出四十多个百分点。

But, you know, I had some edge of— well, it was probably 40-plus points per year.

但那是在当时那种条件下做出来的——这跟今天完全没有任何相关性。

But I was working with it— that has no relevance to today whatsoever.

拿出来会有误导性。

It would be misleading.

不管是公布这个数字,还是基于它来做计算,都会有误导。

To publish it or to make calculations based on it.

所以我想,你会发现——我也不知道你具体会算出 Berkshire 和 S&P 之间什么样的相关性。

So I think that you would find— I don't know what you'd find on a specific correlation between Berkshire and the S&P.

你可能会发现有很强的相关性。

You'd find a lot of correlation.

不过,也可能其实没那么强。

Well, you might not find so much even.

你会在内在价值上看到一些相关性,比如它和 Coke,还有其他几只类似的股票之间。

You'd find it in intrinsic value between that and Coke and a few stocks like that.

但我并不觉得这对未来来说是什么特别有用的信息。

But I don't really think that's particularly useful information going forward.

如果有人想自己去算,我们当然不反对,但这不会是对我们有什么实用价值的东西。

We have no objection if anyone wants to make the calculation, but it wouldn't be something that would be of any utility to us.

而如果我们自己都觉得这对我们没有用,那我们也不想把它提供给股东,让人觉得它可能有用。

And if we don't think it should be of utility to us, we don't want to put it out for shareholders as being a possible utility.

不过我们确实认为,S&P 的年度比较还是有一定意义的,因为它是人们可以选择的一种替代投资。

We do think that the S&P annual calculation has some meaning because it's an alternative for people to invest.

他们并不需要通过我们来买 S&P。

They don't need us to buy the S&P.

所以如果随着时间推移,我们相对它没有任何优势,那你说,我们到底贡献了什么呢?

So unless over time we have some advantage over that, you know, what are we contributing?

我们的管理到底增加了什么价值呢?

What value is added by our management?

所以,我们认为大家应该用这个标准来检验我们,尽管我们其实并不希望这样,因为对我们这种要纳税的实体来说,拿我们去和标普五百那种不按税前口径计算的数字比较,是个很难的对比。

So, we think that people should hold us accountable, even though we would prefer not to be, because it is a tough comparison for us as a taxpaying entity against the non-pre-tax calculation on the S&P.

不过,我们根本不会去看 beta,或者这类东西。

But we don't pay any attention to beta or any of that sort of thing.

这些东西对我们来说完全没有意义。

It just doesn't mean anything to us.

我们只关心价格和价值。

We're only interested in price and value.

这就是我们一直在专注的事情。

And that's, that's what we're focusing on all the time.

至于什么市场波动之类的东西,都没有任何意义。

And any kind of market movements or anything don't mean anything.

我不知道 Berkshire 今天的股价是多少,而且这真的一点都不重要。

I don't know what Berkshire is selling for today, and it really makes no difference.

你知道,这事真的没什么区别。

You know, it just doesn't make any difference.

真正重要的是,它十年之后会在哪里。

What does count is where it is 10 years from now.

你要我说,我也讲不出它在一九八三年五月四号,或者一九八六年五月四号,当时是卖多少钱。

And I can't tell you what it was selling for on May 4th, 1983, or May 4th, 1986.

所以,我也不在乎它在一九九八年五月四号卖多少钱。

So I don't care what it sells for on May 4th, 1998.

我真正在乎的是,大体上来说,它十年后会处在什么位置,这才是我们全部关注的重点。

I do care, you know, where it is in general 10 years from now, and that's where all the focus is.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M2
M24:03

对,我们公布这些数据的方式,是按照如果我们自己是被动股东时,希望看到的那种方式来做的。

Yeah, we're publishing data in the form where we would like it if we were the passive shareholder.

所以你们拿到这些数据,而且拿到的时间安排,也是按如果我们处在你们的位置时自己会希望看到的节奏来提供的。

And so you're getting the data and you're getting it on a time schedule based on what we would want if we were in your position.

而且我们不认为——我们也不认为 correlation coefficients 会对我们有帮助。

And we don't think— and we don't think the correlation coefficients would help us.
M1
M14:31

我们觉得,凡是跟成交量、价格走势、相对强弱这类东西有关的,统统都没什么用——不过你们要记住,我十几岁的时候,可是特别迷这些东西。

We don't think anything that relates either to volume, price action, relative strength, any of that sort of thing— and bear in mind, when I was in my teens, I used to eat that stuff up.

我的意思是,我那时候老是根据这些东西做各种计算,还给它们画图表,甚至还写过一两篇相关文章。

I mean, I was making calculations based on it all the time and kept charts on it and wrote— even wrote an article or two on it.

但现在在我们的运作里,这些东西就是完全没有位置。

But it just, it just has no place in the operation now.
M2
M24:55

这么多年跟 Warren 一起共事,有件很愉快的事就是,他从来不会谈什么 correlation coefficient。

One of the pleasant things about dealing with Warren all these years is he's never talked about a correlation coefficient.

如果这种相关性没有强到肉眼都能直接看出来,他就不会去算。

If the correlation isn't so extreme you can see it with the naked eye, he doesn't compute it.