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1998年股东大会 · 某些公司的市盈率为何会高于行业平均水平?

26 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:06
M1
M10:00

谢谢你们让我们在 Omaha 度过了一个特别特别美好的周末。

Thanks for the beautiful, beautiful weekend in Omaha.

我是来自 New York City 的 Mike Assael,我想问 Warren 和 Charlie 一个问题:是什么会让一家公司的市盈率,相对同行业内其他公司上升?

I'm Mike Assael from New York City with a question for Warren and Charlie about what makes a company's price-earnings ratio move up relative to other companies in its industry.

作为投资者,我们该怎么找到那些相对市盈率会提升、盈利也会增长的公司,甚至是行业呢?

How can we as investors find companies and even industries that will grow their relative price-earnings ratios as well as their earnings?

也谢谢你们带来这么美好的周末,也谢谢你们愿意把你们的智慧分享给股东。

And thank you for the wonderful weekend and for sharing your brilliance with the shareholders.

谢谢。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Thank you.
M2
M20:34

这个,那个,嗯,你知道,其实很简单:相对市盈率会上升,是因为人们预期这个行业或者这家公司未来的前景,相比其他所有证券会变得更好,也就是比他们之前的看法更乐观了。

The, the, um, you know, it's very simple that price-earnings ratios—relative price-earnings ratios move up because people expect either the industry or the company's prospects to be better relative to all other securities than they have been, than their preceding view.

而这种预期最后可能是对的,也可能不是。

And that can turn out to be justified or otherwise.

绝对市盈率的上升,则跟盈利能力——或者说未来预期的盈利能力——有关,也就是投资大众眼中未来股本回报率的水平;同时,它也会对利率变化作出反应。

Absolute price-earnings ratios move up in respect to the earning power of—or the prospective earning power of—that is viewed by the investing public of future returns on equity, and also in response to changes in interest rates.

而在最近这些年——其实真要说的话,从一九八二年开始就是这样了,不过尤其是近几年——利率持续下降,整体上把股价推高了,同时企业利润也在上升。

And in the recent—well, really, ever since 1982, but essentially in recent years, you've had decreasing interest rates pushing up stocks in aggregate, and you've had an increase in corporate profits.

American businesses 的股本回报率最近有了非常显著的改善,而且这件事——人们也开始相信这是真的了。

Return on equity of American businesses improved dramatically recently, and that also—and people are starting to believe it.

所以这就推高了绝对市盈率。

So that has pushed up absolute price-earnings ratios.

然后,在整个股票 universe 里面,如果人们对某个具体业务或者某个具体行业变得更热情,他们就会把那只股票或者那个行业的相对市盈率推高。

And then within that universe of all stocks, when people get more enthusiastic about a specific business or a specific industry, they will push up the relative P/E ratio for that stock or industry.

Charlie,你有什么要补充的吗?

Charlie, you've got anything?
M3
M31:56

有,我觉得他其实还问了一个问题:你们怎么预测这些市盈率会提升?

Yes, I think he also asked, how do you forecast these improvements in price-earnings ratios?
M2
M22:02

那部分归你来答。

That's your part of the question.
M3
M32:09

在我们这儿,我会这么说:如果我们的预测比别人稍微好一点,那是因为我们尽量少做这种预测。

Around here, I would say that if our predictions have been a little better than other people's, it's because we tried to make fewer of them.
M2
M22:24

我们也尽量不去做那些困难的事,这跟刚才说的是一脉相承的。

We also try not to do anything difficult, which ties in with that.

我们真的觉得,这样做——回报其实一样好。

We really do feel that it's—you get paid just as well.

你知道,投资这件事不像 Olympic diving。

You know, this is not like Olympic diving.

在 Olympic diving 里,你知道,他们有一个动作难度系数;如果你能完成一个特别难的动作,而且做得很好,那得到的回报就会比你做一个很简单的动作更高。

In Olympic diving, you know, they have a degree of difficulty factor, and if you can do some very difficult dive, the payoff is greater if you do it well than if you do some very simple dive.

但投资不是这样。

That's not true in investments.

只要你执行得对,做最简单的那个动作,得到的回报也一样好。

You get paid just as well for the, the most simple dive as long as you execute it all right.

所以我们找的是那种一英尺高、一步就能跨过去的栏杆,而不是七英尺、八英尺高的栏杆,不是想靠跳过去创什么 Olympic record。

And so we, we look for 1-foot bars to, to step over rather than 7-foot or 8-foot bars to try and set some Olympic record by jumping over.

而且这很棒,因为跨过一英尺高的栏杆,你拿到的回报也是一样的。

And it's very nice because you get paid just as well for the 1-foot bars.

好,二区。

Okay, zone 2.