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2001年股东大会 · 巴芒:当重大投资机会出现时,你该如何发现它?

40 段 · 2 位说话人 · 原片 4:16
M1
M10:00

说到那些重大的想法,你一旦碰到一个重大想法,其实你自己是知道的。

Moving on to the big ideas, you know when you've got a big idea.

至于那一刻你的神经系统或者大脑里到底发生了什么,我没法很准确地告诉你。

And I can't tell you, you know, exactly what happens within your nervous system or brain at that time.

不过这么多年来,我们真正称得上重大的好点子,其实相对很少。

But we've had relatively few big ideas, good ideas over the years.

我不知道你觉得我们总共大概有过多少个,可能一整个职业生涯里,每个人也就二十五个左右吧,差不多。

I don't know how many you think we've had in aggregate, probably in a career, maybe 25 each or something.
M2
M20:25

如果你把 Berkshire Hathaway 里面最顶尖的十五笔挑出来,你们大多数人今天可能就不会坐在这儿了。

You took the— if we picked the top 15 out of Berkshire Hathaway, most of you people wouldn't be here.

所以大概每两年一个?

So roughly one every 2 years?
M1
M10:35

对,大概一年一个,或者两年一个。

Yeah, one every year or 2.

有时候也会一下子冒出来好几个,比如一九七三年和一九七四年那会儿。

And sometimes there'll be a bunch of them, like in 1973 and '74.

但对我们来说,问题在于,现在所谓“大”,那是真的得很大。

But the problem is, for us, is that big now really means big.

我的意思是,规模得是几十亿美元。

I mean, it has to be billions of dollars.

这样才能对 Berkshire 产生比较明显的影响。

To move the needle very much at Berkshire.

不过我要说的是,五十年前我翻那些 Moody's manuals 的时候,一旦看到一个重大点子,我自己是知道的。

But I would say that when I would turn those pages 50 years ago in the Moody's manuals, I would know when I hit a big idea.

我手里现在还留着大概六份那种报告的 Xeroxes,都是五十年前的,就因为当时太明显了——那些机会简直不可思议。

I've got half a dozen of them that I keep the Xeroxes from those reports around from 50 years ago, just because it was so obvious that they just— they were incredible.

这种事隔一阵子还是会发生一次。

And that happens every now and then.

一九五一年一月底,我见到 Lorimer Davidson 的时候,他花了四五个小时给我讲 GEICO,我当时就知道,那是个重大点子。

When I met, when I met Lorimer Davidson, you know, in the end of January 1951, and he spent 4 hours or 5 hours with me explaining GEICO, I knew it was a big idea.

八个月以后,可能十个月以后吧,我还在 Commercial and Financial Chronicle 上写了一篇文章,讲我最看好的那只证券。

8 months later, probably 10 months later, I wrote an article for the Commercial and Financial Chronicle on the security I liked best.

那就是个重大点子。

It was a big idea.

我发现 Western Insurance Securities 的时候,我也知道那是个重大点子。

When I found Western Insurance Securities, I knew it was a big idea.

当然,我当时没法往里面投几百万美元,但我本来也没有几百万,所以这也没什么区别。

You know, I couldn't put millions of dollars into it, but I didn't have millions, so it didn't make any difference.

后来我们也见过这样的机会,而且如果我们的寿命算正常的话,在我们结束之前,应该还会再看到几个。

And we've seen things subsequently, and we'll see, you know, if we have a normal lifespan, we'll see a few more before we get done.

但我没法准确告诉你——我脑子里到底发生了什么,会像亮起一块霓虹灯牌一样,告诉我:这就是个重大点子。

But I can't tell you exactly how— I can't tell you exactly what transpires in my mind that says, you know, flashes a neon sign up that says, this is a big idea.

Charlie,你那边是怎么回事?

What happens with you, Charlie?

其实,我有一套自己的办法。

Actually, one of my— well, I have a real system.

我对真正重大点子的定义是:我有了一个想法,打电话给 Charlie,他只是说“不行”,而不是说“这是我听过最蠢的主意”。

My idea of a truly big idea is one I get and I call Charlie and he only says no, rather than, that's the worst idea I've ever heard of.

但如果他只是说“不”,那这主意就已经相当厉害了。

But if he just says no, it's a hell of an idea.
M2
M22:39

你知道,在我们这种人生游戏里,关键就是当一个好点子很少出现、或者很少摆到你面前时,你得有能力把它认出来。

You know, the game in our kind of life is being able to recognize a good idea when you rarely get it, and, uh, or when it rarely is presented to you.

我觉得这一点,你得经过很长时间的准备。

And I think that's something you have to prepare for over a long period.

老话怎么说来着?

What is the old saying?

机会只会降临到有准备的头脑。

That opportunity comes to the prepared mind.

我不觉得你能在两分钟之内教会别人怎么拥有一个有准备的头脑,但这就是这场游戏的本质。

And I don't think you can teach people in 2 minutes how to have a prepared mind, but that's the game.
M1
M13:17

不过,我们四十年前学到的东西,会帮助我们识别下一个重大的点子。

Things we learned 40 years ago, though, will help in recognizing the next big idea.
M2
M23:24

再说回机会成本,现在那本风靡全国的大一经济学教材,几乎第一页上就写着:所有聪明人都应该主要用机会成本来思考。

And on opportunity cost, going back to that, the current freshman economics text, which is sweeping the country, has right in practically the first page, and it says, all intelligent people should think primarily in terms of opportunity cost.

这显然是对的,但要基于机会成本来教商业,其实非常难。

And that's obviously correct, but it's very hard to teach business based on opportunity cost.

教 capital asset pricing model 就容易多了,你只要把数字输进去,然后就会出来——

It's much easier to teach the capital asset pricing model, where you can just punch in numbers and out come.
M1
M13:58

对。

Yeah.

数字。

Numbers.
M2
M24:00

所以,人们教的是容易教的东西,而不是应该教的、正确的东西。

And therefore, people teach what is easy to teach instead of what is correct to teach.

这让我想起 Einstein 一句很有名的话。

It reminds me of Einstein's famous saying.

他说,凡事都应该尽可能简单,但不能再更简单了。

He says, everything should be made as simple as possible, but no more simple.
M1
M14:16

把这句话记下来。

Write that down.