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2011年股东大会 · 为何依靠财报预测来做投资不靠谱

48 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:59
F1
F10:01

Tanya Laneve,Boston,Massachusetts。

Tanya Laneve, Boston, Massachusetts.

当你考虑长期现金流的时候,你会去预测增长吗,还是你只是考虑确定性?

When you think about long-term cash flows, do you try to forecast growth, or do you just think about certainty?

如果你面对的是像 Coca-Cola 或者 Burlington Northern 这样坚不可摧的公司,你会试着去估算增长吗?

If you have an indestructible company like Coca-Cola or Burlington Northern, do you try to estimate growth?
M1
M10:19

嗯,我们觉得——你这个问题说完了吗?

Well, we think— are you finished on that?
M2
M20:22

对。

Yes.
M1
M10:22

对,呃,我们——增长是投资公式里的一部分。

Yeah, uh, we— growth is part of the investment equation.

而且很显然,我们喜欢有利润的增长。

And obviously we love profitable growth.

所以如果我们能想出办法,比如说,把 See's Candies 在地域上扩展到新的区域,各种各样的做法,我们当然会很乐意。

So if we would love to figure out a way to, say, take a See's Candies, to move it geographically into new areas, all kinds of things.

我的意思是,我们——如果我们能为 See's 找到增长空间,那很可能会是非常、非常赚钱的。

I mean, we're— if we could find areas for growth with See's, it would be likely to be very, very profitable.

如果是 Coca-Cola,它现在已经在两百个国家了——我的意思是,他们已经成功推行这种策略一百二十五年了。

If Coca-Cola, which is in 200 countries— I mean, they have pursued that policy successfully now for 125 years.

而且有些产品就是比别的产品更容易跨地区扩张。

And some products travel way better than others.

但是当我们看一家企业、并且往未来看的时候,很明显,如果我们在那个图景里看到了增长,而且这种增长能让新增投入资本带来很高的回报,我们就非常喜欢。

But when we look at a business and we're looking out in the future, obviously, if we see growth in that picture and it's growth which produces a high return on incremental capital involved, we love it.

但是,如果一家公司的价格相对于它的盈利能力很有吸引力的话,哪怕我们觉得它未来增长很少甚至没有增长,我们也不会把它排除掉,呃。

But we do not rule out companies where we think there'll be little or no growth if the price is attractive, uh, relative to the earning power.

呃,你知道,像润滑剂这样的业务,随着时间推移还是会有一些增长,比如 Lubrizol,但不会是那种很惊人的增长。

Uh, you know, there will be some growth over time in something like lubricants, you know, at Lubrizol, but it won't be dramatic growth.

那我们会不会很希望它,比如说,销量或者别的什么,每年能增长百分之十呢?

And would we love it if it, you know, if it were going to grow 10% a year in units or something of the sort?

当然希望,但它不会——那种事不会发生。

Sure, but it isn't— that's not going to happen.

所以在每一个投资决策里,这都是一个因素,因为我们真正看的是未来——未来的盈利能力,还有未来的资本需求。

So it's a factor in every investment decision because we're really looking out to the future as to future earning power, but also future capital requirements.

而且我们会认真考虑,我们要进入的任何一家企业,未来是不是有可能实现有利润的增长。

And we think plenty about whether any business we go into is likely to grow profitably.

有时候我们判断对了,有时候我们判断错了,但我们不会排除那些增长非常缓慢的公司。

And sometimes we're right and sometimes we're wrong, but we don't rule out companies that have very slow growth.

或者根本没有增长可能性的公司。

Or no growth possibilities.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M2
M22:15

对,嗯,有意思的是,在我们国家,商学院会教人们去做这种非常遥远的未来预测,他们还会让电脑不停地跑出这些预测结果,然后再把这些东西用在商业决策里,等等等等。

Yeah, well, the interesting thing is that in our country, the business schools teach people to make these projections way in the future, and they program these computers to grind these projections out, and then they use them in their business decision-making, etc., etc.

我一直认为,这些预测带来的坏处比好处更多。

I've always regarded those projections as doing more harm than good.

而且据我所知,Warren 从来没有做过这种预测。

And Warren has never prepared one that I know of.

要是哪个投资银行家做了这么一份,我们通常连看都不看,直接就扔到一边。

And where an investment banker prepares one, we tend to throw them aside without reading them.
M1
M12:51

其实我们会把它倒过来看。

We turn them upside down, actually.
M2
M22:52

什么?

What?
M1
M12:53

我们会把它倒过来。

We turn them upside down.

对,对。

Yeah, yeah.
M2
M22:55

而且我觉得,一旦你让电脑去做这种长期的前瞻性预测,里面就会混进一种巨大的虚假精确性。

And I think an enormous false precision gets into things when you program computers to make forward projections for a long period of time.

当然,我们会在脑子里做一些大概的推演。

We make rough projections in our head, sure.

但我们不会去做那种正式的预测,因为一旦它们白纸黑字写下来,又是电脑跑出来的,就会让一些人觉得那肯定很有意义。

And we don't do any of those formal projections because the fact that they're there on paper and came out of a computer makes some people think they must be significant.

我真的觉得,这种东西带来的坏处比好处更多。

I really think they do more damage than they do good.
M1
M13:21

我们买 Scott Fetzer 的时候,大概是一九八五年,当时 First Boston 已经把它推销给了三十多个潜在买家。

When we bought Scott Fetzer, which was back in about 1985, it had been shopped by First Boston to more than 30 parties.

他们压根就没想到要给我们打电话。

They never got around to calling us.

所以,在向三十方兜售之后,Scott Fetzer 最后是在另一笔交易告吹之后,开始跟一个 ESOP 谈 deal。

So after shopping it to 30 parties, Scott Fetzer finally was working on a deal, uh, with an ESOP after something else had fallen through.

具体细节我记不太清了。

I forget the exact details.

后来我给 Ralph Schey 写了一封信。

And I sent a letter to Ralph Schey.

我是在报纸上读到他的。

I'd read about him in the paper.

我从来没见过他,也没跟这人聊过,但我还是给他写了封信。

I never met him, never talked to the guy, but I sent him a letter.

我想,花二十一美分赌一把,或者说当时一类邮件邮资差不多就是这个数。

I figured I'd gamble 21 cents or whatever the first-class rate was then.

我在信里说,如果你觉得这个主意不错,我们愿意出每股六十美元。

And I said, we'll pay $60 a share if you like the idea.

我星期天会在 Chicago 跟你见面;如果你不喜欢这个主意,就把信撕了。

I'll meet you in Chicago Sunday, and if you don't like the idea, tear up the letter.

后来事情就这么发生了,Ralph 来见了我,我们谈成了这笔 deal,然后我们按每股六十美元付了钱,或者差不多就是这个价。

So that took place, and Ralph met me, and we made the deal, and we paid the $60 a share or whatever it was.

后来 Charlie 和我回去把 deal 签下来,First Boston 的那位先生也在场。他看起来有点尴尬,因为他们当初到处找买家的时候,根本没有联系过我们。

And Charlie and I went back to sign up the deal, and the fellow from First Boston was there, and he was a little abashed since he had not contacted us at all when they were looking for something.

不过很自然,他手里有一份合同,按那份合同他能拿到几百万美元的佣金,尽管他从来没费心联系过我们,而这笔 deal 完全是我们自己谈成的。

But naturally, he had a contract that called for a few million dollars of commission, even though he had not bothered to ever contact us, and we made the deal by ourselves.

后来他一时有点兴奋吧,在领那几百万美元的时候,他对 Charlie 说,他说,我们为了 Scott Fetzer 准备了这本 book,既然你们付了我们几百万美元,到现在还什么都没得到,他说,也许你们会想要这本 book。

So in a moment of exuberance, he, while he was collecting his few million dollars, he said to Charlie, he said, well, we prepared this book in connection with Scott Fetzer, and since you're paying us a couple million dollars and have gotten nothing so far, he said, maybe you would like to have this book.

Charlie 以他一贯的得体方式说,如果你别让我看那本 book,我给你两百万美元。

And Charlie, with his usual tact, said, I'll pay you $2 million if you don't show me the book.