M10:01
我现在要说一件事——呃，先别切下一页。
I'm now about to say something that— that, uh, and don't change the slide yet.
呃，我现在要说一件事，你们有些人可能会忍不住想跟我争论，但我要说的是，我们在非常非常非常多方面都并不完美。
Uh, I'm now about to say something that some of you will be tempted to argue with me about, but I would make the case that we are imperfect in a great, great, great many ways.
但是我要说——如果你们把下一页放出来——我们现在这个国家，比起一七八九年的时候，是一个更好的国家，同时也是一个富有得不可思议得多的国家。
But I would say— and if you'll put up the next slide— that we are now a better country, as well as an incredibly more wealthy country than we were in 1789.
我们离本来应该达到、未来也会达到的样子还差得非常非常非常远，但我们已经大幅朝着正确的方向前进了。
We're far, far, far from what we should be, will be, but we have gone dramatically in the right direction.
呃，很有意思的是，我们在一七七六年说过，我们认为这些真理是不言自明的：人人生而平等，他们的造物主赋予了他们某些不可剥夺的权利。
Uh, it's interesting, we said in 1776, we said, we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, endowed by their— are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.
其中包括生命、自由，以及追求幸福的权利。
Among these are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
可十四年之后，也就是我们在一七八九年真正正式建立这个国家、通过 Constitution 一年之后，我们发现，这个国家里超过百分之十五的人是奴隶。
And yet, 14 years later, a year after we, we really officially began the country in 1789, adopted a Constitution, uh, we found that more than 15% of the people in the country were slaves.
而我们一直在为这个问题挣扎。
And we wrestled with that.
但是当你说“不言自明”这个词的时候，听起来就像是在说，任何该死的傻瓜都能看明白这一点。
But when you say the word self-evident, that sort of sounds like you're saying any damn fool can recognize that.
而且你当然可以说，呃，也许对于生命和追求幸福还多少能争论一点，但我实在看不出，这世上怎么会有人能把“自由”和百分之十五的人口被奴役这件事协调到一起。
And you certainly say, uh, you can argue maybe a little bit about life and the pursuit of happiness, but I don't see how in the world anybody can reconcile liberty with the idea that, that 15% of the population was enslaved.
而我们花了很长很长时间，才至少部分纠正了这种不公。
And it took us a long time to at least partially correct that inequity.
这花掉了一场 Civil War。
It took a Civil War.
这让我们失去了当时十八岁到六十岁男性中的百分之六。
It took losing 6% of those people that, uh, the males that were between 18 and 60 years of age.
但——我们确实是在朝着正确的方向前进。
The— But we've moved in the right direction.
我们还有很长的路要走，但到现在为止，我们一直是在朝着正确的方向前进。
We've got a long ways to go, but we've moved in the right direction now.
另外，再回到一七七六年的那句话，说人人生而平等，由他们的造物主赋予权利，诸如此类，呃，我想在这个国家超过一半的历史里，人口中的那百分之五十的人觉得，给他们的待遇是很公平的，这大概也是“不言自明”的。
In addition, going back again to that 1776 statement that all men are created equal and endowed by their Creator, etc., uh, I think it was self-evident to the 50% of the population that they were getting a fair deal for over half the lifetime of the country.
在我们国家两百三十一年的历史里，这花了一百三十一年。
It took 131 years of our country's 231 years.
花了一百三十一年。
It took 131 years.
我想他们觉得这很公平。
I think it was a fair deal.
直到女性被保障拥有投票选举国家领导人的权利。
Until women were guaranteed the right to vote for our country's leaders.
更值得注意的是，在我们一九二零年通过第十九修正案之后，又过了六十一年，才终于有一位女性获准加入 Supreme Court 里的那八位男性。
And then what's even more remarkable is that after we adopted the 19th Amendment in 1920, it took 61 more years until a woman was allowed to join those 8 males on the Supreme Court.
我从小就以为，Supreme Court，你知道，肯定是——好像规定了必须是九个男人。
I grew up thinking that the Supreme Court, you know, must have been— said it had to be 9 men.
但是，呃，就这样又过了六十一年，所以直到一百九十二年后，Sandra Day O'Connor 才被任命进入 Court。
But it, it, uh, at 61 years, so it took 192 years before Sandra Day O'Connor was appointed to the Court.
现在你当然可以说，那是个 pipeline problem。
And now you can say that, that there was a pipeline problem.
你知道，一九二零年女性可能占总人口的一半，但她们并不占律师的一半，可能连百分之十都不到。
You know, half the population may have been women in 1920, but they weren't half the lawyers, or they weren't 10% of the lawyers, probably.
所以你可以理解，呃，会有一些延迟，但六十一年真的太久了，而且中间还选了三十三位男性。
So you can understand, uh, some delay, but 61 years is a long time to go and to pick 33 males in between.
如果这完全只是巧合，那这种情况发生的概率——如果你是在抛硬币的话——大概是八十亿分之一。
If that was entirely by chance, then the odds against that— if you were flipping coins— is about 8 billion to 1.
现在，就像我说的，确实存在 pipeline problem。
Now, like I said, there was a pipeline problem.