← 返回任务列表

Andrew Huberman’s Three Rules for Better Health and Focus

702 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 48:53
M1
M10:00

如果你真的很看重你自己和你的工作,你就得按这个方式来安排你的一天。

If you take yourself and your work really seriously, you need to organize your day that way.
F1
F10:04

如果必须给大家推荐3件能让人活得更健康的事,你会推荐哪3件?

If you had to recommend 3 things to people to live a healthier life, what would those be?
M1
M10:09

早上接触明亮的光线,最好是阳光。

Morning bright light, ideally from sunlight.

做我之前讲过的那个力量训练方案。

Do the weight training protocol I talked about earlier.

它会彻底改变你的生活。

It will completely change your life.

然后最后一件,就是想方设法让你能睡的那点觉,质量达到最高。

And then the last one would be figure out some way to make the sleep you can get the highest quality sleep.
F1
F10:22

你昨天吃了补剂或者药吗?

Did you take any supplements or medications yesterday?
M1
M10:25

吃了不少。

Loads.
F1
F10:26

有什么是你推荐给别人、但自己其实做得不太好的?

What's something you recommend to others but are not that good at following yourself?
M1
M10:31

我觉得社交媒体这块可能是最明显的一个。

I think the social media thing might be the biggest one.

我最近把X和Instagram挪到了一部单独的手机上,然后那部手机我就锁在一个密码盒里。

I recently moved X and Instagram to a separate phone, and then I keep that phone in a lockbox.

你没法靠写代码绕过去。

You can't actually code out of it.
F1
F10:43

我们有很多创业者听众。

We have a lot of founders who listen to our podcast.

如果必须缩减到3个有循证依据的、能提升认知表现的习惯,会是哪3个?

If you had to narrow it down to 3 pieces of evidence-based habits for cognitive performance, what would those things be?
M2
M20:55

如果Andrew Huberman只能推荐3件有益健康的事,那就是早晨的光照、力量训练,还有更好的睡眠。

If Andrew Huberman could recommend only 3 things for better health, they'd be morning light, resistance training, and better sleep.

在这一期里,Daisy和Andrew坐下来聊,看看他自己的日常到底是什么样的——从醒来的那一刻,到运动、吃饭、补剂、工作和睡眠。

In this episode, Daisy sits down with Andrew to find out what his own routine actually looks like, from the moment he wakes up through exercise, food, supplements, work, and sleep.

他们也聊到了他在哪些地方做得不够好,包括把那部社交媒体手机锁进盒子里,以及为什么健康方案应该服务于你的生活,而不是把你的生活占满。

They also talk about where he struggles, including putting his social media phone in a lockbox, and why health protocols should support your life rather than take it over.

而对创业者来说,Andrew解释了为什么搞清楚并保护好你大脑状态最好的那几个小时,可能是你能做的最重要的事情之一。

And for founders, Andrew explains why knowing and protecting the hours when your brain does its best work may be one of the most important things you can do.
F1
F11:32

Huberman博士,欢迎来到a16z Show。

Dr. Huberman, welcome to the a16z Show.
M1
M11:34

谢谢。

Thank you.

很高兴能来。

Delighted to be here.
F1
F11:36

你的播客2021年1月上线,改变了数百万人的生活方式。

Your podcast launched in January of '21 and has changed the way millions of people live their lives.

今天早上我把我儿子安排好了。

This morning I got my son.

我把咖啡因推迟了一点,可能还没到你想的那个程度。

I delayed my caffeine a little bit, probably not as much as you would like.

而且你还特别有名的一件事,就是让我们公司的创始人Marc Andreessen把酒戒了。

And you famously got our firm's founder, Marc Andreessen, to stop drinking alcohol.

我还没做到,不过我在想,回头看的话,你有没有那么一个时刻,心里想:天呐。

I'm not there yet, but I'm wondering if looking back, you remember a moment where you were like, Holy cow.

大家不只是听我说话。

People aren't just listening to me.

他们是真的因为我说的话,在改变自己的日常习惯。

They're like changing their daily habits because of what I say.
M1
M12:06

哦,这一路真是够疯狂的。

Oh, well, it's been a wild ride.

这些我完全没预料到,但看到大家为自己的健康做点事情,我特别高兴。

I didn't anticipate any of it, but I'm delighted that people are doing things for their health.

我也不确定该说谢谢还是道歉,因为马克戒酒了。

And I don't know whether or not to accept by saying thank you or apologize that Mark stopped drinking.

我知道他偶尔喝酒时挺享受的。

I know he enjoyed the occasional drink.
F1
F12:21

我好奇他是不是对此有点不高兴。

I wonder if he's grumpy about it.
M1
M12:22

对。

Yeah.

嗯,我想说清楚一点。

Well, I want to be very clear.

数据表明,零杯比任何数量都好。

The data say zero is better than any.

每周两杯大概是成年非酗酒者的上限。

2 per week is probably the upper limit for an adult non-alcoholic.

而且我不觉得马克是酗酒者。

And I don't think Mark is an alcoholic.

理论上他可以喝两杯,但当我这么建议时,他说不,他有点像很多人那样,有时完全不喝比只喝一点更容易坚持。

He could in theory have 2 drinks, but when I suggested that, he goes, no, he kind of did what many people do, which is sometimes none is easier to stick to than some.

而且我确实认为酒精可以带来享受。

And I do think that alcohol can be enjoyed.

如果有人想喝,就想想做其他有益健康的事情。

And if one wants to do that, just think about doing some of the other things that can be beneficial.

但直接回答你的问题,我一点都没预料到这些。

But to directly answer your question, I didn't anticipate any of it.

就像我说的,我很高兴人们采取措施改善健康。

As I said, I'm delighted people are taking measures for their health.

然后在某个时刻我意识到,哇,人们真的开始行动了。

And at some point I realized, whoa, people are starting to do things.

我没法判断这是因为我们展示的科学,还是因为那些我知道效果非常好的方案。

And I couldn't tell whether or not it was because of the science that we were presenting or because the protocols I know work extremely well.

好在我并不把这些方案当成自己的功劳,因为大多数情况下,除了极少数例外,比如某些关于减压的方法,这些方案都来自其他人的科学研究。

The nice thing is I don't take credit for the actual protocols because in most cases, with rare exception, like some things related to stress mitigation, in most cases, the protocols come from other people's science.

所以看看科学和健康教育领域,大多数站出来的人都是在讲自己的研究。

So in looking at the fields of science and health education, most people who've been out there have been talking about their own science.

用这种方式做事情给了我一定的自由度。

So doing it this way affords me a certain amount of freedom.

我也得小心,因为我经常谈论别人的科学,但我热爱学习,也热爱教学。

I have to be careful too, because I'm talking about other people's science often, but I love to learn and I love to teach.

对我来说,没有什么比阅读论文、分享我觉得有趣的信息、尝试新事物并观察什么有效更让我开心的了。

So for me, nothing makes me happier than reading papers and sharing what I think is interesting information and trying things out and seeing what works.

亲近我的人会告诉你,我这辈子都是这样,学到什么觉得酷的东西,就会出去教给别人,不管别人想不想听。

And the people that have been close to me will tell you that for my whole life, when I've learned something I thought was cool, I'm out there teaching about it, whether people wanna listen or not.

所以他们只是把麦克风放在我面前,我就这样开始了。

So they just kind of stuck a microphone in front of me and here I am.
F1
F14:05

太棒了。

Amazing.

你一直非常坦率地分享你的日常方案。

You've been very transparent about your daily protocols.

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.

就像我提到的,让眼睛接触阳光、推迟喝咖啡、每天轮换运动方式、冷水浸泡和桑拿、做瑜伽休息术、服用各种补充剂。

Like I mentioned, sun in your eyes, delaying caffeine, but also rotating exercise by day, cold plunge and sauna, doing yoga nidra, taking a variety of supplements.

但也许你可以带我们回顾一下昨天的情况。

But maybe you can just walk us through like yesterday.

我很好奇,你吃了什么?

I'm curious, what did you eat?

做了什么运动?

What exercise did you do?

服用了什么补充剂?

What supplements did you take?

你采纳了你的哪些建议,哪些没有?

What of your advice did you follow and what did you not?
M1
M14:30

就说一天吧。

A single day.

我醒来后,和所有人一样先去上厕所。

So I wake up, I use the bathroom like everybody else.

我,呃,

I, uh,
F1
F14:35

你躺在床上时会看手机吗?

You get on your phone while you're in bed?
M1
M14:36

不会。

No.
F1
F14:37

好吧。

Okay.
M1
M14:37

不看手机。

No phones.
F1
F14:37

非常自律。

Very disciplined.
M1
M14:38

睡觉时手机不在房间里。

Phones out of the room while I sleep.

要不是我特别特别爱我的Eight Sleep,我肯定想办法让家里没Wi-Fi。

If I didn't love, love, love my Eight Sleep so much, I would figure out a way to have no Wi-Fi on in the house.
F1
F14:49

有意思。

Interesting.
M1
M14:50

我醒来后,和大家一样昏昏沉沉的。

So I woke up, I'm groggy like everybody else.

我的思绪开始到处跑,你知道的,刚醒的时候有点混乱。

My mind starts going places, you know, it's discombobulated on waking.

我觉得我从来没有醒来后打个大哈欠,然后觉得生活真美好。

I don't think I've ever woken up and just done a big yawn and been like, life is so good.

我醒来就想,好了,我有这个要做,那个要做。

I wake up and I think, okay, I have this to do, I have that to do.

所以我第一件事就是起床、上厕所,然后我现在会做五分钟冥想。

So the first thing that I do is get up, use the restroom, and then I go do, these days I do a 5-minute meditation.

我把手机设好五分钟定时,做一个标准的冥想,就是光呼吸。

I set my phone for 5 minutes and I do a standard meditation of just breathing.

我觉得这是一个非常重要的练习,我之前没怎么提过,哪怕仅仅因为它能让你非常清楚地意识到接下来你的大脑要接受什么信息。

This, I think, is an extremely important practice that I haven't talked a lot about, if for no other reason than it gets you very aware of what the inputs to your brain are about to be.

它也会让你非常清楚地意识到我们内心可以有多混乱。

And it also makes you very aware of how chaotic it can be in our minds.

在与一些研究冥想科学的人交流后,特别是威斯康星大学那些做了很多脑成像的人,很明显,冥想的真正好处不在于让心灵平静,而在于能够观察它有多混乱,并把那个混乱看作与所谓的“观察者”稍微分开的东西。

And after talking to a number of people who've worked on the science of meditation, in particular folks out at University of Wisconsin who've done a bunch of the brain imaging, it's very clear that the real benefits of meditation come from not quieting the mind, but from being able to just observe how chaotic it is and see that as something slightly separate from the quote unquote observer.

我们有一些回路,我们认为它们支撑着观察者,区别于他们所说的那些猴子心思。

And we have circuits that we think underlie the observer versus all the monkey mind stuff, as they call it.

但我以前一直以为冥想是为了达到一种非常平静的状态。

But I always thought that meditation was about achieving a really peaceful state.

结果发现是为了观察混乱。

Turns out it's about observing the chaos.

所以我能最好地描述这个练习的用处就是,就像锻炼一样,如果你的腿有灼烧感或者举重到最后几下,那才会触发适应。

And so the best way I can describe this practice in terms of its utility is just as with exercise, if you get a burn in your legs or the final repetitions of lifting weights, that's what triggers the adaptation.

在冥想中,就意识、专注和觉知而言,我认为心灵的乳酸——别人这么跟我描述的,所以不是我发明的这个词——心灵的乳酸就是能够体验那种混乱,观察它,而不对它做任何事。

With meditation in terms of consciousness and focus and awareness, I think the lactate of the mind, as it was described to me, so I didn't come up with that phrase, the lactate of the mind is to be able to experience that chaos, observe it, and not do anything with it.

那样你就能在一天中带着更多的觉知,知道哪些想法或反应是有意义的,哪些不是。

That's what allows you to move into your day with, I think, more awareness of what is a meaningful thought or reaction and what isn't.

好的。

Okay.

所以我做那个五分钟冥想。

So I do that 5 minutes.

现在我发现闹钟响的时候,我不会想着“什么时候结束啊?”

These days I find the buzzer goes off without me going, when is this over?

这什么时候结束?

When is this over?

然后我会让阳光照进我的眼睛。

And then I get sunlight in my eyes.

我对此非常执着。

I'm absolutely religious about that.

有时候我上屋顶,有时候出去散步。

Sometimes I go up on my roof, sometimes I go for a walk.
F1
F16:57

你昨天在家吗?

Were you home yesterday?
M1
M16:58

在的,是的。

I was, yeah.
F1
F16:59

好的。

Okay.
M1
M16:59

嗯。

Yeah.

我会带点水,通常喝点水,让阳光照进眼睛。

And I take some water with me, usually drink some water, get some sunlight in my eyes.

今天我在酒店醒来。

Today I woke up in a hotel.

我早上是朝东的,所以非常好。

I was facing east in the morning, so it was great.

真的看到了日出,但是个多云天,阴天,我第一件事就是让阳光照进眼睛。

Got to actually see the sunrise, but cloudy day, overcast day, I'm getting sunlight in my eyes first thing.

如果我在日出前很久醒来,我有一盏一万勒克斯的人工灯,我会在早上煮咖啡或者做自己的事情时坐到那盏灯前。

If I wake up long before the sun is out, I have a 10,000 lux artificial light and I'll get in front of that thing just as I make coffee in the morning or do my thing.

然后,如果我要锻炼,我会马上摄入咖啡因。

I then, if I'm going to exercise, I drink caffeine right away.

我觉得这是我试图说清楚的事情,但有时候并不总是那么清楚。

I think this is something that I've tried to be clear about, but it hasn't always been clear.

如果我要锻炼,我需要咖啡因。

If I'm going to exercise, I need caffeine.

所以我连30分钟都不会等。

So I'm not waiting even 30 minutes.

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.

我会去喝咖啡因。

I'm going to drink caffeine.

所以我喝yerba mate,这是我很长时间以来最喜欢的咖啡因来源。

So I drink yerba mate, which is my preferred source of caffeine for a long time now.

然后我会锻炼,我的锻炼程序非常简单,我可能会分享一下,因为我发现它不仅对我非常有益,对和我一起训练的女性、男性,各个年龄段的人都很受益。

And then I exercise and my exercise routine is very simple and I might just share it because I've found that it's been very beneficial, not just for me, but for women I've trained with, men, people of all ages.

我已经坚持了35年,我觉得这是最省时、最有效的锻炼计划。

I've followed it for 35 years, and I think it's the most time-efficient and effective exercise program.
F1
F17:57

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M17:58

而且非常简单直接。

And it's really straightforward.

每周三天举铁,每周两到三天做某种有氧运动。

3 days a week lifting weights, 2 to 3 days a week doing some sort of cardio.

先说下有氧,就是让心率安全地大幅提升的运动。

The cardio, I'll just explain first, something where you get your heart rate way, way up safely.

可以是划船机,可以是Airdyne自行车,就是那种你边踩踏板边用胳膊推拉的那种,也可以是跑步。

So could be the rower, could be the Airdyne bike, the one with push-pull with the arms while you're pedaling, could be running.

选一种你能接近最大努力而不会伤到自己的运动。

Pick something that you can go close to max effort without hurting yourself.

这真的很重要,尤其是我现在已经50岁了。

This is a really big deal, especially now that I'm 50.

怎么说呢,我为自己从未受过重伤感到自豪,50岁了感觉很好,这主要归功于那些我没做的事情。

It's like, I feel quite proud of the fact that I've never had a major injury and I feel great at 50, mostly because of what I didn't do.

很多人都在谈论他们做了哪些事情。

A lot of people are talking about all the things they did do.

而对我来说,都是我没做的事情。

It's all the things I didn't do.

我从不因为被挑战就盲目跟练别人的训练计划。

I never hopped on someone else's workout just 'cause I was challenged.

那样做才会受伤。

That's how you hurt yourself.
F1
F18:39

嗯嗯。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M18:40

而且我选择那些对我来说感觉对的事情。

And, and I picked things that felt right to me.

骑车对我来说感觉不好。

Cycling doesn't feel good to me.

跑步和AirDyne单车感觉好。

Running and the AirDyne bike do.

所以热身一分钟,对我来说就是轻松踩踏,然后全力冲刺20秒,休息10秒,重复8次。

So warm up for a minute, pedal easy in my case, then go 20 seconds all-out effort, 10 seconds rest, repeat that 8 times.

就完成了。

You're done.

这就是一次有氧训练。

That's one cardio workout.

你的心率会达到最大,接近最大心率。

You're getting max heart rate, close to max heart rate.

这是最大摄氧量类型的训练,而且非常快。

This is VO2 max type stuff, and you're— it's so fast.

好的。

Okay.
F1
F19:04

所以昨天是星期天。

So yesterday was Sunday.

星期天做什么?

What is Sunday?
M1
M19:06

所以第一天,对有些人来说可能是星期天或星期一,没关系。

So day 1, this could fall on a Sunday or a Monday for someone, doesn't matter.

但一周的第一天,我会做腿部抗阻训练。

But the first day of the week, I train my legs with resistance training.

大约一个小时。

Takes about an hour.

那是一周中最辛苦的训练。

That's the hardest work of the week.

如果我这辈子每周只能做一次训练,那就是这个。

And if I were to only do one workout per week for the rest of my life, it would be that.

好的。

Okay.

原因很多,最大的肌肉群,对激素和代谢的全身性影响,等等等等。

For lots of reasons, largest musculature, systemic effects on hormones and metabolism, et cetera, et cetera.

练腿日之后,我通常会完全休息一天。

After leg day, I typically take the day completely off.

那些天我会尝试做桑拿和冷热交替来帮助恢复。

I'll try to do some sauna cold alternation on those days for recovery.

细节我们可以再聊。

We can talk details there.

然后根据恢复情况,可能只休息一天,也可能休息两天。

Then depending on how well I've recovered, it might be just 1 day off, it might be 2 days off.

然后我会做某种针对躯干的推拉训练。

Then I do some sort of push-pull thing for the torso.

比如一些卧推、肩推,如果做不了引体向上或下拉就做类似的,还有某种划船。

So some chest presses, some shoulder presses, a pull-up or pull-down type thing if someone can't do pull-ups or pull-downs, and some sort of row.

如果某人姿势不好,可能还会做一些颈部训练。

Maybe some stuff for the neck if somebody has bad posture.

很多时候,男性的肩膀会开始变宽,但他们却不训练颈部。

Oftentimes men will, their shoulders will start getting wider and they're not training their neck.

首先,看起来有点不协调,然后他们会开始出现肩袖的问题。

First of all, it looks kind of disproportionate, but then they'll start getting rotator cuff stuff.

训练颈部对整个肩带的稳定性非常重要。

Training the neck is very important for stability of the entire shoulder girdle.

然后我会休息一天,之后再做一些手臂、小腿、腹肌这类较小肌群的训练。

And then I'll take a day off, and then I'll do some arms, calves, abs type smaller body parts.

所以那是三个独立的力量训练日。

So those are 3 separate weight training days.
F1
F110:17

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M110:18

它们都遵循同样的方法。

All of them follow the same approach.

我觉得这正是人们容易出错的地方,但数据和你网上听到的说法终于开始跟上了。

And this is where I think people go badly wrong, but the data and what you're hearing online is starting to finally catch up.

你可以选择在动感单车上热身几分钟,或者做开合跳,但我推荐先做一组轻重量。

You could warm up for a couple minutes on the bike or some jumping jacks if you wanted, but I recommend doing 1 light set.

做10到12次,非常轻的重量,只是让血液流动起来。

So 10 or 12 repetitions, very light, just to get blood flowing.

针对第一个动作。

For the first movement.

然后第二个动作,或者说是第二组,抱歉,是中等重量的一组。

Then the second exercise, or the second set, excuse me, is a moderate set.

就是你本来能做10次的重量,只做3次。

So a set that you probably could do 10 repetitions, you do 3.

你只是在为神经系统承受更重的负荷做准备。

You're just preparing the nervous system for the heavier load.
F1
F110:48

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M110:49

然后你做两组正式组,组间休息大概三到四分钟,时间比较长。

Then you do 2 work sets spaced maybe 3 minutes, 4 minutes rest in between, which is long.

但这两组都是全力完成、姿势完美的正式组,做到暂时性肌肉力竭。

But those work sets are all-out work sets in perfect form, taken to momentary muscular failure.

只有两组。

2 Sets only.

比如这可能是针对股四头肌的腿屈伸,然后你会做其他动作,一些你可以安全完成的动作,比如深蹲、前蹲、腿举。

So this might be a leg extension for the quads, and then you would move to something else, some sort of movement you can do safely, a squat, a front squat, a leg press.

我是说,有太多变式了,对吧?

I mean, there's so many variations, right?

是啊。

Yeah.

做一些复合动作,然后再对腘绳肌做同样的安排。

Some compound movement, and then something, the same thing for the hamstrings.

关键是:一组轻重量、一组中重量(做的次数比你用中重量能做的少很多),然后两组高强度正式组。

The point here is that it's light set, medium set, many fewer reps than you could do even with the medium set, then hard work for 2 sets.

记下你做了什么,然后每次训练要么增加重量,要么增加次数。

Write down what you did and either increase weight or increase repetitions every single workout.

我对我刚才描述的每一个动作都是这样做的,不管什么部位。

And I do this for every single thing I just described, regardless of body part.

最后每个部位会有两到三个动作。

It ends up being 2 exercises per body part, maybe 3.

所以总训练量非常低。

So the total volume of work is very low.

练完这些,即使是练腿日,你不会感觉完全恢复了,但也不会被练垮。

You leave these workouts, even leg day, feeling not completely rejuvenated, but you're not crushed.
F1
F111:44

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M111:45

你的恢复会非常快。

Your recovery is very fast.

你的神经系统负担没那么大,而且进步速度快得惊人。

Your nervous system isn't as taxed, and you make progress at an amazing rate.

我把这个建议给过一个女生,她是D1运动员,踢足球的,你知道,踢了好多年足球。前几天她来找我说,我简直不敢相信这效果这么好。

A woman that I suggested this to who was a D1 athlete, who was soccer, you know, played soccer for years, came to me the other day and she's like, I can't believe this works so well.

这只有我以前训练量的三分之一。

It's a third of the volume I was doing before.

你可以在每一组里面投入更多。

You can just put more into these individual sets.

所以我可以一直讲下去,不过呢,一周里我会找一天做那个6分钟的——实际上就是大概6分钟的全力20秒、休息10秒。

So I could go on and on about this, but then somewhere in the week I find a way to do the 6-minute, what turns out to be about 6 minutes of the 20 seconds all out, 10-second rest.

然后我再找另一天去做一次长距离徒步。

And I find another day to do some sort of long hike.

以前是慢跑。

It used to be a jog.

现在我喜欢穿上负重背心,或者就背个背包去徒步。

Nowadays I like to throw on a weight vest or just a backpack and hike.

让心率升上来,呼吸有点喘。

Where my heart rate's up and I'm breathing a bit.

如果我精力特别旺盛,而且每天晚上都睡得够,我可能会在周中再跑个20到30分钟。

And if I'm really ambitious and I'm getting enough sleep every night, I might do also a 20 to 30 minute run in the middle of the week.

但这3次力量训练就能让大多数人得到他们想要的结果——身体重塑、力量增长,而且不仅仅是抵消年龄带来的肌肉流失和力量下降,体态和灵活性方面也会感觉好很多。

But those 3 weight workouts will get most people what they want in terms of body recomposition, strength, and not just offsetting muscle loss and strength with age, but feeling much better posturally, mobility-wise.

当然,你随时都可以拉伸,但你晚上看电视的时候就能做。

And of course, you can always stretch, but you can do that while you watch TV in the evening or something.

所以大致框架就是这样。

So that's the kind of framework of that.

我已经这样练了35年了。

I've been doing that for 35 years.

每个我推荐过这个方法的人都被震惊了——训练时间这么短,结果却这么好,最重要的是,当你只需要期待真正45到60分钟的刻苦训练时,这件事本身很有趣。

Everyone I've given it to is positively shocked by the brevity, the results, most importantly, and the fact that it's fun when you are looking forward to just really 45 to 60 minutes of hard work.

真的很有意思。

It's fun.

它真的会慢慢变成一种享受。

It actually starts to become a pleasure to do.
F1
F113:19

好。

Okay.

昨天是练腿日。

Yesterday was leg day.

练腿之后怎么样了?

What happened after legs?
M1
M113:22

好吧。

All right.

练腿之后,我摄入了一些淀粉类食物和水果。

After legs, I ingested some starches and fruit.
F1
F113:28

好。

Okay.
M1
M113:29

力量训练之后,如果你是像我说的那样刻苦训练,你需要补充糖原。

After you weight train, if you train hard the way I described, you need to replenish glycogen.

有人说,哦,你没有,你没有耗尽你所有的糖原。

People say, oh, you didn't, you didn't deplete all your glycogen.

训练后摄入一些淀粉是个好主意。

Ingesting some starches after you train is a good idea.
F1
F113:39

你吃了什么淀粉?

What starch did you have?
M1
M113:40

我吃了——嗯,我练得很狠,而且我本来就爱吃,所以我吃了香蕉、蓝莓,还喝了几勺乳清蛋白,吃了点燕麦,还吃了抹了黄油和盐的酸面包吐司。

I had a, well, I, I trained really hard, so I had, and I love to eat, so I had banana, blueberry, I had a couple scoops of whey protein, I had some oatmeal, and I had some sourdough toast with butter and salt on it.

因为如果东西上抹了黄油,你也得加盐。

'Cause if something has butter on it, you gotta salt it too.

这是我的看法。

Is my opinion.

然后几个小时之后,可能三个小时吧,我吃了一顿比较常规的饭,就是我的正常午餐,会有一块肉,牛肉或者鸡肉。

And then a few hours later, maybe 3 hours later, I had a sort of standard meal, which would be my normal lunch, which would be some piece of meat, either beef or chicken.

我不太爱吃鱼,除非是那种 ahi tuna,你知道的,而且那种鱼大多数时候还挺难买到的。

I'm not a big fan of fish unless it's, you know, like an ahi tuna, and that's kind of hard to come by most days.

还有一些蔬菜。

And some vegetable.

我是膳食纤维的坚定支持者,但我想说一个我觉得没被充分讨论的点,就是很多人吃某些富含纤维的食物会肠胃不适。

I'm a big believer in fiber, but I want to make a point that I think doesn't get discussed enough, which is that many people get gastric distress from certain fibrous foods.

我认为,人们找到对自己好的食物非常重要,但也要是在吃的时候和吃完之后都感觉舒服的食物。

It's very important, I think, that people find foods that are good for them, but that they feel good eating and after they eat.

所以,举个例子,你不会看到我吃西兰花。

So for instance, you're not going to see me eating broccoli.

它会让我感觉有点不舒服。

It makes me feel kind of not well.

它不好消化,不管我怎么嚼,都是这样。

It doesn't digest well, no matter how much I chew it, this and that.

所以,我并不是唯一一个这样。

So I, I'm not alone in this.

我的意思是,有些食物比如洋葱会产生组胺。

I mean, there's some foods like onions that generate histamines.

嗯嗯。

Mm-hmm.

所以有些人就是吃完某些食物感觉不舒服。

And so some people just don't feel good after eating certain foods.

你必须去尝试,看看什么对你有效。

You have to experiment and see what works for you.

而真正能这样做的方法,就是短期之内开始用单一食材来做实验,对吧?

And the only way to do that really is for a short while to start experimenting with single ingredient foods, right?

就是只吃一些西兰花。

Just having some broccoli.

你可以加点橄榄油或者黄油,对吧?

You can put some olive oil or butter on it, right?

对。

Yeah.

就是看什么有效。

It's just seeing what works.

如果人们总是吃三明治、炖菜、披萨、舒芙蕾和千层面,你就不知道什么对你有效、什么无效。

If people are constantly eating sandwiches and stews and pizzas and soufflés and lasagnas, you don't know what works for you and what doesn't.

所以,培养真正健康的饮食习惯,吃你喜欢的食物,并且有很多选择,很大一部分就是搞清楚你能吃什么,并且吃完之后感觉也很舒服。

So a lot of developing really healthy eating habits with foods that you love and having a lot of choices is to figure out what you can eat and feel really good eating after you eat as well.
F1
F115:28

好的。

Okay.

那你午餐吃了什么蛋白质?

So what protein did you have for lunch?
M1
M115:30

我吃了牛肉。

I had beef.
F1
F115:31

牛肉。

Beef.

好。

Okay.
M1
M115:31

我吃了,我吃了一些烤牛排。

I had, I had some grilled steak.

我吃了,呃,对我来说,是切片的黄瓜和西红柿,还吃了一些米饭。

I had, uh, in my case, sliced cucumbers and tomatoes, and I had some rice as well.
F1
F115:37

有甜点吗?

Any dessert?
M1
M115:38

嗯,这个嘛,我非常喜欢橄榄油,所以我吃了一些橄榄油。

Um, well, and I, I'm a big fan of olive oil, so I had some olive oil.

嗯,不,我,我不太喜欢甜食。

Um, no, I, I don't tend to like sweets that much.

如果我要吃甜食,一般就是100%黑巧克力,这听起来挺无聊也有点书呆子气,但你会慢慢喜欢上它的。

If I have sweets, it's generally 100% chocolate, which is really boring and kind of nerdy, but you, you develop a taste for it.

我对甜食已经没什么胃口了。

I sort of lost my appetite for sweets.

但我对脂肪的胃口可没丢。

I have not lost my appetite for fats.

所以对我来说,一顿犒赏就是一块非常非常好的Parmesan奶酪。

So, to me, a treat is like a chunk of really, really good Parmesan cheese.
F1
F116:05

你最近最放纵的一餐是什么?

What's the most indulgent thing you've had recently?
M1
M116:08

天哪,这听起来会特别健康,但我前几天吃了一块超棒的ribeye牛排。

Gosh, it's, it's going to sound so healthy, but I had an amazing ribeye the other day.

我谈不上——因为我不爱甜食,也不喝酒,所以对我来说放纵就像——

I'm not as— because I don't like sweets and I don't drink alcohol, indulgent for me would be like—.
F1
F116:22

披萨?

Pizza?
M1
M116:23

披萨我爱。

Pizza I love.

披萨我爱,但我对披萨特别挑剔。

Pizza I love, but I'm very particular about pizza.

所以在东海岸,你知道,在纽约,我会随便走进一家店,买一片或者两片。

So on the East Coast, you know, in New York, I'll get a slice of just any kind of walk-in place or 2.

在西海岸,东湾的Arinell Pizza差不多是唯一能达到我心中“够东海岸”披萨标准的东西。

On the West Coast, Arinell Pizza in the East Bay is pretty much the only thing that meets my threshold for East Coast enough like pizza.

所以,对,我会那样。

So yeah, I do that.

如果我要吃冰淇淋,那会是巧克力碎冰淇淋。

I, if I were going to have ice cream, it would be chocolate chip ice cream.

我在想我有没有什么放纵享受的东西。

And I'm trying to think if I have any kind of indulgences.

我得说清楚。

I should be very clear.

这不是因为我,所谓的,沉迷于好感觉,而这些东西让我感觉不好。

It's not because I'm quote unquote addicted to feeling good and those things make me feel bad.

我只是,我确实认为在锻炼和睡眠等等方面做对事情,是有复利效应的。

I simply, I do think there's a compound effect of doing things right in terms of exercise and sleep, et cetera.

但我要说,每当我真的吃得非常干净一段时间,我其实会力气更小,也更不开心。

But I will say this, if I've ever eaten really clean for a while, I actually am less strong, less happy.

整体上进步也更少。

I make less progress in general.

所以偶尔,比如吃几片pepperoni披萨来给营养来个刺激,似乎真的是件很好的事。

And so every once in a while, like spiking my nutrition with a couple of slices of pepperoni pizzas seems just like a really good thing.

羊角面包。

Croissants.

这是另一回事。

That's the other thing.

任何黄油味的东西,但脂肪和碳水的结合才是真正让我上头的东西。

Anything buttery, but the combination of fat and starch is really what does it for me.
F1
F117:31

如果你说不喜欢羊角面包,那我就不信你了。

I wasn't going to trust you if you said you didn't like a croissant.

所以嘛。

So.
M1
M117:34

羊角面包太棒了。

Croissants are amazing.
F1
F117:34

我说的就是这个意思。

So that was what I mean.

下午、晚饭、睡眠。

Afternoon, dinner, sleep.
M1
M117:38

对。

Yeah.

所以如果我睡得很好,我就不午睡,也不做瑜伽休息术,但通常我睡眠不够。

So if I've slept really well, I don't take a nap or do any kind of yoga nidra, but typically I don't get enough sleep.

我觉得大家听到这个会吓一跳。

I think people are shocked to hear this.

就好比说,你不就是那个研究睡眠的人吗?

Like, aren't you the sleep guy?

我和很多人一样,很难做到早点睡觉。

I, like many humans, struggle with getting to sleep early enough.

好吧。

Okay.

所以我下午会做10到30分钟的非睡眠深度休息,也就是瑜伽休息术。

So I do a 10 to 30 minute non-sleep deep rest yoga nidra in the afternoon.

我觉得这是恢复精神和身体活力的绝佳方式,而且不会带来睡醒后的昏沉感。

I think it's a wonderful thing to restore mental and physical vigor without generating sleep inertia.

其实,就是你们那位马克·安德森,他喜欢在网上挖苦我。

Actually, your very own Marc Andreessen, who likes to take swipes at me online.

有意思的是,在X上,大家都觉得我们是敌人,但我知道那是善意的,我也欢迎这种互动。

It's kind of funny, on X, people think that we're enemies, but I recognize it as friendly and I invite it.

但有一次我说,瑜伽休息术,就是你静静地躺着,让身体深度放松,同时有意识地让大脑保持清醒。

But I once said, you know, Yoga Nidra, where you lie still, you deeply relax your body and you intentionally keep your mind awake.

我说,这不是午睡。

I said, it's not a nap.

它不会让你产生睡醒后的昏沉感。

It doesn't induce sleep inertia.

它比午睡更好。

It's better than a nap.

它能训练你,如果半夜醒来,可以重新入睡。

It teaches you to fall back asleep if you wake up in the middle of the night.

马克当然就回复说:这就是午睡。

And Marc, of course, wrote, It's a nap.

所以马克,这不是午睡,不过我觉得这个玩笑挺有意思的。

So it's not a nap, Marc, but I appreciated the joke.

这完全不一样。

It's very different.

事实上,有一些新的证据表明,在这种非睡眠深度休息的状态下,大脑的某些区域会经历深度睡眠,甚至可能释放生长激素,这非常有趣。

And in fact, there's some emerging evidence that during these non-sleep deep rest states that pockets of the brain are experiencing deep sleep and maybe even growth hormone release, which is pretty interesting.

所以我非常感兴趣的是这种所谓的“入睡前”状态,就是介于睡眠和清醒之间的临界状态。

So I'm very interested in these so-called hypnagogic or kind of liminal states between sleep and awake.

这也是对意识的一种很有趣的探索。

It's also just kind of an interesting exploration of the mind.

通常做完之后,我对接下来想做什么会变得很清楚。

Usually I come out of that having some clarity about what I want to do.

对了,我得提一下,在我练完腿之后,我会读论文,也会工作。

Now, I should mention, after I train legs, I read papers and I worked.

即使是在

Even on a.
F1
F119:12

周日。

Sunday.
M1
M119:14

然后到了傍晚,我会特意在太阳落山之前出去走走。

And then in the later afternoon, I make it a point to get a walk before the sun goes down.

或者如果我没时间,又在打电话,我就会走到外面,能看的话就看着太阳落山,或者就朝阴天里太阳的方向看一看。

Or if I don't have time and I'm on a phone call, I'll just step outside and watch the sun go down if I can, or just look in the direction of the sun in the overcast sky.

这个习惯其实是我从斯坦福的睡眠实验室学来的,那个实验室就在离这儿不远的地方,我大学时有一个暑假在那里工作。

I actually learned this practice from the sleep lab at Stanford down the road from here when I worked there during a summer in college.

那是在眼睛里的神经元被发现之前,这些神经元能感知环境光线,并向大脑的生物钟发送信号。

This was before the discovery of the neurons in the eye that register ambient light and signal to the brain circadian clock.

那是90年代中期。

So this is in the mid-'90s.

那些细胞直到21世纪初才被发现。

Those cells weren't discovered till the early 2000s.

有趣的是,睡眠实验室的所有工作人员都会从地下室走出去。

And what's interesting is all the staff of the sleep laboratory would go outside from the basement.

然后我们一起看日落。

And we'd look at the sunset.

我当时就想,我们为什么要这么做?

And I was like, why are we doing this?

他们说:哦,这是在设定你的 circadian rhythm。

And they said, oh, this sets your circadian rhythm.

这是众所周知的。

It's well known.

理想情况下,早上也应该这么做。

Ideally, you do it in the morning as well.

我就是从那时候开始养成这个习惯的。

And that's when I started the practice.

这些人都是严肃的科学家,其中有 Howard Hughes Medical Institute 的研究员,还有 National Academy of Sciences 的院士。

And so these are serious scientists with Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators, members of the National Academy of Sciences.

现在我们理解了所有机制,但我之所以提这个,是因为我觉得很多人认为你需要先把所有的 mechanistic science 都搞清楚。

Now we understand all the mechanisms, but I point that out because I think a number of people think that you need all the mechanistic science worked out first.

有些做法对我们的好处非常明确。

There are certain practices that are so very clearly good for us.

而那些 mechanistic data 是后来才出现的。

Where the mechanistic data come later.

所以我尽量在下午也这么做。

So I try and do that in the afternoon.

有时候我会站在外面,你知道,端着一杯茶什么的。

Sometimes I'll stand outside with a, you know, a cup of tea or something.

我确实在下午两点左右就不再喝咖啡因了。

I do stop drinking caffeine about 2:00 PM.

你知道,那差不多是最晚的了。

You know, that's about the latest.

不然我确实很难入睡。

Otherwise I do have trouble falling asleep.

然后回到屋里,通常还会再工作一会儿。

And then usually it's a bit more work when I go inside.

然后晚上我会吃点晚饭。

And then in the evening I eat some sort of dinner.

说到晚饭,我得说,如果是做 resistance training 的日子,我一般会很饿。

And for dinner, I have to say, if it's a day when I resistance train, generally I'm pretty hungry for dinner.

然后我会吃一些和午餐类似但不完全一样的东西。

And I'll do something kind of like lunch, but not exactly the same.

如果是没锻炼的日子,最后一餐通常会比较小,蛋白质也往往不多。

And if it's a day when I didn't exercise, it tends to be a kind of smaller meal and usually not as much protein for that last meal.

所以我最后一口食物大概在七点半、八点左右,但我不会对这件事太较真,因为我一般晚上十一点左右才睡觉。

And so my last bite of food is somewhere around, typically around 7:30, 8 o'clock, but I'm not nuts about that because I tend to go to sleep somewhere around 11:00 PM.

睡前最后一小时,我会调暗灯光。

And the last hour before sleep, I'm just dimming the lights.

就是试着让一天慢慢平静下来。

I'm just kind of trying to transition my day down.

我会把手机收起来,因为我发现深夜特别容易开始发短信聊天。

I do put away the phone because I find it's very easy to get into text conversations late at night.

嗯嗯。

Mm-hmm.

而且我确实喜欢在电脑前待到很晚。

And I do like to be on the computer till fairly late.

有时候我也会看点什么来娱乐一下,但这些天我主要是看书。

And I, sometimes I'll get some entertainment in by watching something, but these days I mostly just read.
F1
F121:27

你会戴防蓝光眼镜之类的吗?

Do you use like the blue light glasses or anything?
M1
M121:29

会的。

I do.

我有一副红色镜片的眼镜。

I have the red lens glasses.

我们和Roka一起设计了一些这样的眼镜。

We designed some of those with Roka.

我觉得这里有一件重要的事,也是源自Elon和Mark在网上的对话,嗯,我想,哦不对,是Lex和Mark,然后Elon加入进来,你知道的,Mark说,“因为Huberman我戒酒了,但我可不会搞那些蓝光玩意儿。”

I think here's an important thing that also born out of a conversation between Elon and Mark online where, um, I think, oh no, it was Lex and Mark and Elon jumped in, you know, that Mark said, uh, I stopped drinking because of Huberman, but I'm not going to do any of that blue light shit.

这是他说的原话。

That's what he said.

所以就是这样。

So that.
F1
F121:51

听起来像是。

Sounds like.
M1
M121:52

他的原话。

His words.

每个人对夜间蓝光的敏感度差异很大。

There is huge variation in terms of people's sensitivity to blue light at night.

而且我觉得很多人以为只有看起来是蓝色的灯才有蓝光,但实际上明亮的灯光、白灯、黄灯都含有短波长的光。

And I think a lot of people think the lights have to appear blue, but bright lights, white lights, yellow lights have short wavelength light.

所以我们说蓝光的时候,指的就是这个。

So that's what we're talking about when we're talking about blue.

有些人对蓝光非常敏感。

Some people are very sensitive to it.

即使是100勒克斯这么微弱的光线,通过闭合的眼睑都能让他们的皮质醇飙升,睡眠受到干扰。而另一些人则不那么敏感。

It spikes their cortisol, it disrupts their sleep, even as little as 100 lux, which is very dim through closed eyelids. Other people are less sensitive to it.

我们不知道这是怎么回事。

We don't know how that works.

似乎和一个人眼睛的颜色深浅没有关系。

It doesn't seem to be related to how light or dark somebody's eyes are.

我的眼睛就对光非常敏感,所以到了晚上,如果头顶的灯特别亮,我就很难入睡,或者睡着了也会半夜醒来。

My eyes are just very sensitive to light so that at night, if I get a lot of bright overhead light, I have trouble falling asleep or I fall asleep and I wake up in the middle of the night.

所以如果我调暗灯光,或者戴上助眠眼镜,就会感觉好很多。

So if I dim the lights or I wear wind-down glasses, I feel much better.

所以我认为这里存在一种差异。

So I think there is kind of a split.

我们不太清楚背后的原因是什么,但不管怎样,

We don't really know what the underlying reasons are, but in any case,
F1
F122:43

我之前被推销了防蓝光隐形眼镜。

I was upsold on blue light blocking contact lenses.

上次我去配隐形眼镜,我老公说戴上之后我的眼睛看起来怪怪的,但我说我可不想再回到——

The last time I got my contacts prescribed and my husband says it makes my eyes look freaky, but I was like, I'm not going back to—
M1
M122:52

所以它们防蓝光——

So they blue light—
F1
F122:53

是眼科医生推荐的。

The ophthalmologist.
M1
M122:55

嗯。

Yeah.

白天你的皮肤和眼睛需要一些短波长的光,比如帮助合成维生素D。

You need some short wavelength light during the day on your skin and in your eyes to generate vitamin D, for instance.

我的意思是,紫外线并不是完全有害的。

I mean, UV light is not across the board bad.

我提一下,当太阳在天空较低的位置时,紫外线指数非常低。

I should mention that when the sun is low in the sky, the UV index is very low.

其中一个你可以直视日出或日落而不伤眼的原因,就是大气瑞利散射现象,短波长和紫外光被过滤掉了。

I mean, one of the reasons that you can look at the rising sun or the setting sun and it doesn't hurt your eyes is because there's this phenomenon of atmospheric Rayleigh scattering, the short wavelengths and like UV are filtered out.

当太阳在头顶上方时,光线非常强烈。

When the sun is overhead, it's extremely bright.
F1
F123:22

没错。

Yeah.
M1
M123:22

看它会很刺眼。

It's painful to look at.

那是因为有更多的短波长光到达你的眼睛。

That's because you're getting a lot more of the, um, of the shorter wavelength light reaching your eyes.

所以如果人们担心紫外线暴露,早晨、傍晚或下午晚些时候的光线紫外线含量很低。

So if people are concerned about UV exposure, morning and evening or late afternoon light exposure is very low UV.

或者你可以直接看看紫外线指数。

Or you can just look at the UV index.

就,Google 搜一下就行了。

It's, you know, a total Google search or something.
F1
F123:41

你昨天有没有吃任何补剂或药物?

Did you take any supplements or medications yesterday?
M1
M123:43

吃了很多。

Loads.

但是。

But.
F1
F123:46

先赶紧把它们记下来。

Quickly take them off.
M1
M123:46

没问题。

Sure.

好。

Right.

所以这不是广告,我想说清楚。

So not, this is not a promotional, I want to be very clear.

这些是我做的,而且大部分从2012年就开始做了。

This is what I've done and what I've actually been doing most of these things since 2012.

我确实每天吃两次 AG1。

People, so I do take AG1 twice a day.

早上吃一次,通常在第一餐前,晚上再吃一次。

I do that in the morning, usually right before my first meal of the day and in the evening.

有人说,好吧,那是因为他们是这个播客的赞助商。

People say, okay, that, that's because they're a sponsor of the podcast.

我用它就像我说的,作为一个基础的营养补充,如果我蔬菜水果吃得不够,它可以帮我填补缺口。

I use it just as I describe it as a cover nutritional basis where if I didn't eat enough fruits and vegetables or something, I can cover any gaps.

我喜欢它。

I like it.

所以我用了很长时间,远在我知道播客是什么之前。

So I've been doing that for a very long time, long before I knew what a podcast was.

我还吃鱼油。

I take fish oil.

我非常相信高剂量的 EPA omega-3。

I'm a big believer in high doses of EPA omega-3s.

你知道,现在有很多关于 omega-6 和 omega-3 比例的争论。

You know, there's this whole debate about, you know, omega-6 to omega-3 ratios.
F1
F124:36

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M124:37

现在我发现,每天摄入超过一克 EPA 而不是仅仅超过一克鱼油的最有效方法是吃 Lovaza,这是一种处方 omega-3。

These days I find the most efficient way to get above a gram of EPA per day and not just above a gram of fish oil is to take Lovaza, which is a prescription omega-3.

它也已经去除了所有重金属,所以你不用担心这个问题。

It also, all the heavy metals have been extracted, so you don't have to worry about that.

而且有仿制药版本,所以现在很便宜。

And there are generic versions of it, so it's pretty inexpensive now.

所以我觉得有人可能会想吃 Lovaza。

So I think people might want to take Lovaza.

也可能不想,但我自己在吃 Lovaza。

They might not, but I take Lovaza.

我还吃一些维生素 D,每天 3000 到 5000 单位的维生素 D3。

I take some vitamin D. I take 3,000 to 5,000 units of vitamin D3.

我早晨的补剂摄入还包括,实际上我相信一些草药补剂,是根据我的血液检查结果来的。

And my morning supplement ingestion includes, I actually, I actually believe in some of the herbal supplements just based on my blood work.

我吃 400 毫克的东革阿里,这是一种印尼的,我想有几个不同的版本,但我吃的东革阿里,据说能帮助解离性激素结合球蛋白与睾酮的结合。

I take 400 milligrams of something called Tongkat Ali, which is an Indonesian, I think, there are a couple different versions, but I take Tongkat Ali, which is known to help the unbinding of something called sex hormone binding globulin from testosterone.

所以这能释放一些睾酮。

So it frees up testosterone a bit.

男性和女性都可以服用这个。

Men and women can take this.

我和销售它的公司没有任何财务关系。

I don't have any financial relationship to the companies that sell it.

所以我吃的是Solaray这个牌子的。

So I take the Solaray version.

它也是最便宜的。

It's also the least expensive.

所以,我就这么做。

So, and I do that.

我服用,服用一种叫P5P的东西,它是维生素B6的衍生物。

I take, I take something called P5P, which is a vitamin B6 derivative.

我服用50毫克。

I take 50 milligrams of that.

我服用它是为了稍微降低催乳素水平。

It's a, I take that to slightly reduce prolactin.

我的催乳素不高,但我还是这么做了。

I don't have high prolactin, but I do that.

早晨的时候,你知道,你希望放大皮质醇和所谓的儿茶酚胺,也就是多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素这一类的水平。

In the morning, you, you know, you sort of want to amplify the cortisol and so-called catecholamines, so dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine kind of milieu.

它在这方面能有一点帮助。

And it can assist with that a bit.

让我想想,还有什么?

And let's see, what else?

哦,我服用N-acetylcysteine。

Oh, I take N-acetylcysteine.
F1
F126:21

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M126:22

每天600毫克。

600 milligrams a day.

它是谷胱甘肽的前体。

It's a glutathione precursor.

N-acetylcysteine,有一项很好的研究表明,N-acetylcysteine,每天服用3次,每次600到900毫克。

N-acetylcysteine, there's a really nice study showing that N-acetylcysteine, 600 to 900 milligrams taken 3 times per day.

可以降低你感染流感的可能性。

Can reduce the likelihood that you will catch flu.

他们做这项研究的方法是让实验对象接触携带流感病毒的人。

And they did this study by exposing people to other people with flu virus.
F1
F126:42

我只有在感觉自己要生病的时候才会服用它。

I only take it if I feel like I'm getting sick.
M1
M126:43

很好。

Great.

它可能会让你流一点鼻涕。

It can make your nose run a little bit.

它是一种黏液溶解剂。

It's a mucolytic.

实际上,它还在其他情况和剂量下用于治疗囊性纤维化,也就是肺部积液的问题。

It's actually used in other contexts and dosages for cystic fibrosis, which is the buildup of fluid in the lungs.

所以它是一个相当强大的工具。

So it's a pretty powerful tool.

我每天服用一次,如果我觉得疲惫,或者我在旅行,或者我身边有人生病,我就会一天服用三次。

I take it once per day, and if I'm feeling run down or if I'm traveling or if I'm around somebody who's sick, I'll take 3 times a day.

它也许还能帮助缩短感冒或流感的病程。

It can also perhaps help shorten the course of a cold or flu.

但这个诀窍是我从一位急诊科医生那里学来的,他在疫情期间工作,需要保持健康。

But I learned this trick from an ER doc who was working through the pandemic and needed to stay healthy.

但那篇论文里的数据,如果你想要的话我可以给你链接,真的挺有意思的。

But the data in that paper, and I can provide you a link if you want, are pretty interesting.

在这种情况下,流感传播率,我认为服用安慰剂的人中,有百分之七十五左右的人在接触流感病毒后感染了流感。

The sort of transmission of flu in this case was, I think it was in the mid-70 percent, of people who took the placebo got the flu by being exposed to the flu virus.

我认为这个数字在服用N-乙酰半胱氨酸的组中降到了百分之二十多。

And I think that number reduced to the high 20s in the group that took N-acetylcysteine.

你得再核实一下那些数字。

You'll have to double-check on those numbers.

所以挺令人印象深刻的。

So pretty impressive.

我认为安全的,增加谷胱甘肽是安全的。

I figure safe, increasing glutathione is safe.

那何乐而不为呢?

So why not?

我与出售它的任何公司没有财务关系,但它们基本上都差不多。

No financial relationship to any company that sells it, but they're all pretty much equivalent.

然后午餐时,我会服用一份复合维生素。

And then with lunch, I take a multivitamin.

我会服用两种消化酶。

I take 2 digestive enzymes.

我当然认为那会有帮助。

I definitely think that can help.

如果有人吃东西后觉得发痒或者认为自己有食物过敏,在你急着去做昂贵的食物过敏分析或类似的事情或治疗之前,我推荐有一种酶,你可以在吃任何组胺食物之前服用。

If somebody gets itchy after food or thinks they have food allergies, before you run off and do some expensive food allergy analysis or something like that, or treatment, I recommend there's a, there's an enzyme that you can take before you eat any histaminergic foods.

这完全改变了我和食物的关系,因为现在几乎什么都能吃了。

Completely transformed my relationship to food because I can eat pretty much anything now.
F1
F128:18

酷。

Cool.
M1
M128:18

这个工具实际上是斯坦福的一个同事推荐给我的,这不一定意味着是一项临床研究,但说得通,如果你没有产生足够的酶来处理组胺食物,嗯,你可以想象你可能会产生一些不舒服的症状。

This was a tool that was actually suggested to me by a colleague at Stanford, which doesn't necessarily mean it's a clinical study, but makes sense if you're not making enough of the enzyme to process histaminergic foods, um, you can imagine you might get some uncomfortable symptoms.

而且。

And.
F1
F128:33

我是一个非常容易过敏的人。

I'm a very allergic person.

我觉得我需要知道这一点。

I feel like I need to know that.
M1
M128:35

这太好了。

This is great.

我的意思是,而且它,嗯,我以前在吃完某些食物后会感到困倦。

I mean, and it, um, I used to get sleepy after eating certain foods.

我当时想,这是怎么回事?

I was like, what is this?

通常是奶制品让我犯困,我当时想,哦,是色氨酸。

It was often dairy foods that would make me sleepy, and I thought, oh, it's tryptophan.

结果证明那是胡说。

That turns out to be nonsense.

奶制品或火鸡中的色氨酸相对于其他食物来说并不足够多。

There's not enough tryptophan in dairy or turkey relative to other things.

嗯,我觉得这有点像眉毛周围发痒,嗯,还有那些容易有 autoimmune 状况的人。

Um, I see it as kind of like itchy around my eyebrows and, um, and people who are kind of prone to autoimmune conditions.

比如那些有——对我来说,如果人们有一点点 psoriasis 或类似的情况,他们常常会发现这些食物对他们有点刺激性。

Like people who have, like for me, if people have a little bit of psoriasis or something like that, oftentimes they'll find that these foods are kind of irritating to them.

所以我就这么做。

So I do that.

另外,我这里描述的东西,这个酶每天大概花费不到一分钱。

Also, what I'm describing here, it probably costs less than a penny a day for this enzyme.

所以这是微不足道的成本。

So it's a trivial cost.

所以,让我们看看。

So let's see.

然后在那顿饭里,我会服用 Lovaza 和复合维生素。

And then in that meal is when I take the Lovaza and multivitamin.

我确实吃,我确实吃一种脱水肝脏。

I do take, I do take a desiccated liver.

人们必须小心增加铁负荷,因为它的血红素铁含量很高。

People have to be careful about increasing iron load because it's high in heme iron.

但我不想吃肝脏。

But I don't want to eat liver.

我对吃肝脏没兴趣。

I have no interest in eating liver.

它不吸引我。

It doesn't appeal to me.

但我服用它是为了它所含的一些营养素。

But I take it for some of the nutrients that are there.

然后在晚上,再说一次,不是推销,但对我来说,最好的睡眠补充品就是服用AGZ,那是我帮忙他们制作的一个混合物。

And then in the evening, again, not a promotional, but the sleep supplement that's been far and away the best thing for me is just to take AGZ, which is a cocktail of things that I help them create.

它含有镁苏糖酸。

So it's got magnesium threonate.

是的。

Yeah.

它有酸樱桃,还有所有提取物等等。

It's got It's got the tart cherry, it's got all the extracts and things combined.

我服用那个,睡眠质量就特别棒。

I take that and my sleep's spectacular.

它实际上让我不再需要随身携带一堆不同的药丸了。

It actually allowed me to stop carrying around, you know, a bunch of different pills.

我也尝试过肽,而且我一直公开我在激素和肽这类领域的一些实验。

I also, I've experimented with peptides and I have been open about my experimentation with some other things in kind of the hormone and peptide area.

也许我们分开谈这个,因为我刚才描述的,我想说清楚。

Maybe we separate that conversation because what I just described, I want to be very clear.

那基本上就是我20岁前后所做的。

That is basically what I did between age, gosh, 20, plus or minus.

我的意思是,AG还不存在,还有一些类似的东西,但是,到45岁。

I mean, AG didn't exist and some things like that, but, and 45.

在45岁时,我开始尝试其他一些东西,但就是这样。

At 45, I started to experiment with a few other things, but that's that.

我会说,如果你想讨论一些工具,特别是在硅谷这里,人们用来提升专注力的,包括一些刺激性和非刺激性的专注方法。

I have, I will say, if you want to have a conversation about some of the tools, especially here in Silicon Valley, that people are experimenting with for focus and some of the stimulant and non-stimulating approaches to focus.

我花了很多时间研究那些,也花了一些时间尝试。

I spent a lot of time researching that and I've spent some time experimenting with that too.
F1
F130:55

有什么事情是你推荐给别人但自己也做不好的,或者你自己做什么明知有害的事情?

What's something you recommend to others but are not that good at following yourself, or what do you do that you know is bad for you?
M1
M131:03

我认为社交媒体可能是最大的一个。

I think the social media thing might be the biggest one.

我最近把X和Instagram移到了单独的手机上,这样如果有人给我发东西,我也没法打开。

I recently moved X and Instagram to a separate phone so that if people send me things, I can't open it.

然后我把那个手机放在一个锁盒里,这样我可以说,好,我要在上面待一小时,然后它再放回——这个锁盒就像超重刑监狱的锁一样。

And then I keep that phone in a lockbox so that I say, okay, for an hour I'm going on there, and then it goes back into— and this is a supermax prison lock spot.

是的,你实际上无法用代码解锁它。

Yeah, you can't, you can't actually code out of it.

这对我来说有点尴尬,因为我可以控制自己的行为,但我确实发现时间——

That's a little bit embarrassing for me because I can control my behavior, but I did find that time—.
F1
F131:31

你是人,你跟我们一样。

You're human, you're just like us.
M1
M131:32

嗯,算法变得太厉害了。

Well, the algorithms have gotten so good.
F1
F131:35

是啊。

Yeah.
M1
M131:35

它们变得太厉害了,而且太有趣了。

They've gotten so good, and it's so entertaining.

而且还有一点不同,因为我在上面,所以我以一种相当活跃的方式在互动。

And it's also a little different because I'm on there, so I'm interacting with it in a, in a pretty active way.

嗯,而且我觉得,这确实是一种奇怪的经历,比如上网看到别人在议论你,然后你试图去解释,试图判断他们是不是善意的。

Um, and I mean, it's also just a weird experience, like to go online and see like people saying stuff about you and, and then you're trying to like, you know, explain things and trying to figure out if they're in good faith or not.

而且真的会耗费很多时间。

And it can really suck a lot of time.
F1
F131:58

完全同意。

Totally.
M1
M131:59

所以我觉得,嗯,这可能是最大的一个问题。

So I think that, I think that, um, that's probably the biggest one.

而且,嗯,这个问题呢,确实带有一点羞耻感,对吧?

And, um, it's the one that, yeah, it carries like a little bit of shame, right?

我们都应该能够控制自己的行为。

We should all be able to control our behavior.

那我为什么还需要一个手机锁盒呢?

So why should I need a lockbox for my phone?

另一方面,我觉得当手机放在锁盒里——而且数据也支持这一点——如果手机不在房间里或者完全无法接触,你就能获得一些认知资源,而这些资源是即使手机放在包里、关着机放在椅子底下也得不到的。

On the other hand, I feel like when it's in the lockbox, and data support this, that if the phone is out of the room or completely inaccessible, there's cognitive resources that become available to you that are not if it's even in your bag, turned off under your chair.

这是有人做过的一项研究。

This was a study that was done.

就是,人们其实能同样专注,但他们需要动用额外的认知资源来维持那个专注水平。

It's, people can focus just as well, but they need to use additional cognitive resources to have that level of focus.

在这项研究中,他们用一种挺巧妙的方式研究了这个问题。

This was looked at in a pretty clever way in this study.

所以我尽量把手机放在另一个房间,而且我发现把它放在锁盒里,那种不可及性又上了一个层次,我觉得对我很有帮助。

So I try and keep the phone in another room, and I find that having it in the lockbox is a whole other level of inaccessibility that I think serves me.
F1
F132:47

这对我来说完全说得通。

That totally checks out to me.

好的。

Okay.

你以提炼健康研究为生,这产生了许多建议和方案。

You distill health research for a living and it's resulted in a lot of recommendations and protocols.

如果你必须说,如果你必须向人们推荐不超过三件事来让生活更健康,那会是哪三件呢?

If you had to say, if you had to recommend 3 things to people ranked no more than 3 to live a healthier life, what would those 3 things be?
M1
M133:06

好。

Great.

早晨的亮光,最好是来自太阳光。

Morning bright light, ideally from sunlight.

也就是醒来后的30到60分钟内。

So that would be in the first 30 to 60 minutes after waking.

如果无法从太阳光获得,那就用一万勒克斯的人工光源,然后在可能的时候再补充一些太阳光。

If you can't get it from sunlight, get a 10,000 lux artificial light, then get some sunlight if and when you can.

这是第一点。

So that's number one.

接下来是我之前说过的力量训练方案。

Next would be do the weight training protocol I talked about earlier.

它会彻底改变你的生活。

It will completely change your life.

如果女性担心练得太壮,它不会导致那样的结果。

If women are concerned about being too bulky, it's not going to do that.

我是说,在身体重塑、情绪、大脑健康方面,你找不到比这更有效的刺激了。

It's, I mean, in terms of body recomposition, mood, brain health, you know, you're not going to find a more potent stimulus.

然后最后一点就是想办法让你能获得的睡眠质量达到最高。

And then the last one would be to figure out some way to make the sleep you can get the highest quality sleep.

你知道,我有时候会被合理地质疑,比如:嘿,我有孩子,工作很忙,邻居还总是吵闹。

You know, I sometimes get, you know, appropriately attacked for, hey, you know, I've got kids, I've got a busy job, you know, the neighbors are always making noise.

我该怎么办?

What do I do?

找一个大多数晚上都能坚持的入睡时间,这样能让你获得最多的深度睡眠。

Find a bedtime to shoot for most nights that allows you to get the most deep sleep.

不要错过那个睡眠窗口。

Don't miss that window.

这里我还顺带加上了第四个,但真正关键的是,要学会入睡,也要学会醒来后重新睡着。

And here I'm lumping in a 4th, but really learn to get to sleep and fall back asleep.

你知道,我不会说一定要睡得很完美,因为那意味着你得把整个生活都围着睡眠来安排。

You know, I'm not going to say get perfect sleep because you'd have to organize your whole life around that.

我会说,做长呼气呼吸,把心率降下来。

I'm going to say do long exhale breathing to slow your heart rate.

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.

要学会怎么闭上眼睛。

Learn how to close your eyes.

这听起来很怪,但它是有依据的,基于我们对底层神经环路的理解。

And this sounds so kooky, but it's grounded in what we understand about the underlying circuitry.

当你因为脑子转个不停而很难入睡时,把眼睛左右移动、上下移动等等,会极大帮助你入睡。

Moving your eyes back and forth and up and down and so forth when you're having a hard time falling asleep because your mind is racing will greatly help you fall asleep.

原因并不神秘。

And it's not mysterious why.

因为要入睡,你得忘掉自己身体的位置,而这会让 vestibular system 混乱。

It's because in order to fall asleep, you need to forget about your body position, and this confuses the vestibular system.

其实,如果我可以这么说,我最兴奋的技术之一——我希望 a16z 能让它成为可能,我本人没有相关公司——就是能诱导人入睡的睡眠眼罩。

In fact, if I may, one of the technologies that I'm most excited about, and I'm hoping a16z will make this possible, I don't have a company related to this, are sleep masks that induce sleep.

通过以某些方式控制眼球运动。

By controlling eye movements in certain ways.
F1
F134:56

有意思。

Interesting.
M1
M134:57

那该有多酷啊?

How cool would that be?

而且还能测量快速眼动睡眠和慢波睡眠。

And measure rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep.

我觉得那就是下一波技术浪潮,我们所有人都迫切需要。

I think that's the next wave of technology that we all desperately need.

但三件事就是,就像我说的:早晨的明亮光照、力量训练;你想做有氧还是可以做,但力量训练才是改善健康真正锋利的刀刃。

But the 3 things are, as I said, the morning bright light, the resistance training, still do cardio if you want, but the resistance training is the really sharp blade of health improvement.

然后在你当下的环境里,每晚找到办法,睡到尽可能高的质量,不管怎样,5个小时、6个小时。

And find a way in your current circumstances each night to get the highest quality, whatever, 5 hours, 6 hours.

理想情况是8个小时,但要找到、要清楚在酒店房间、在你碰巧乘坐的飞机上,你能做哪些事,把这些弄明白。

Ideally it's 8 hours, but find, know the things that you can do in the context of the hotel room, the airplane that you happen to be on, figure those things out.

然后你就会开始体会到那种灵活从容,它来自你不再害怕自己没睡到一个完美的晚上。

And then you'll start to experience the flexibility that comes from not fearing that you didn't get the perfect night's sleep.
F1
F135:42

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M135:43

比如,我只睡6个小时也没问题,因为如果我只睡了6个小时,我知道白天该怎么调节自己的精力。

Like, I'm fine on 6 hours because I know how to regulate my energy during the day if I just got 6.

我当然很想睡8个小时,但我真想不起来上一次睡满8个整小时、中间一次都没起来是什么时候了。

And I would love to get 8, but I can't tell you the last time I got 8 solid hours without getting up once or twice.

根本做不到。

It just doesn't happen.
F1
F135:57

我们有很多创始人听众。

We have a lot of founders who listen to our podcast.

如果让你也把它归纳成三个有证据支持的、能提升认知表现的习惯,给创始人或任何人,你会选哪三个?

If you had to also kind of narrow it down to 3 evidence-based habits for cognitive performance for founders or anyone, what would those things be?
M1
M136:11

嗯,第一个是,要知道你认知能力高峰的窗口期是什么时候。每个人都不一样。

Yeah, first one is know when your windows of high cognitive capacity are. This is different for everybody.

所以对我来说,我能感觉到上午11点一到。

So for me, I can feel 11:00 AM come around.

天哪,我真希望这个高峰出现在早上7点。

Gosh, I wish it was 7:00 AM when this happened.

而且我起得挺早的。

And I get up pretty early.

我得说,我通常会在早上6点到7点之间起床。

I should say I tend to get up between 6:00 and 7:00 AM.

有时候如果我九点睡觉,五点就醒了。

Sometimes if I go to sleep at 9:00, I wake up at 5:00.

对吧?

Okay?

如果我十点或十一点睡,我一般七点才醒。

If I go to sleep at 10:00 or 11:00, I tend to wake up at 7:00.

所以我就是——跟大多数正常人一样——半夜会醒,上个厕所再回去睡。

So it's just, and I wake up in the middle of the night, like I think most normal human beings, I use the restroom and get back into bed.

我一生中百分之九十的晚上都这样。

90% of the nights in my life.

对吧?

Okay?

所以我知道早上醒来时会有很强的睡眠惯性。

So I know that in the morning I tend to have a lot of sleep inertia.

我需要做这些事情。

I need to do these things.

我会去锻炼什么的。

I'll do the exercise, et cetera.

但我这么做的一部分原因是,我知道如果我在早上九点前锻炼,接下来一整天会更有精力和专注力。

But part of the reason I do that is I know if I exercise before 9:00 AM, I have a lot more energy and focus for the rest of the day.

如果我上午十一点锻炼——那是我早上精力最旺盛的时候——那下午三点我就会累垮。

If I exercise at 11:00 AM, which is kind of the peak of my morning energy, at 3:00 in the afternoon, I'm exhausted.

这只是我个人的情况,其他人可能不一样。

This is just me, but other people might be different.

所以有些人发现他们的工作高峰期在一天中的某个时间。

So some people find that that peak for work lies at a certain time of the day.

对我来说,有两个时间段。

For me, there's 2 times.

就是上午九点半到十二点半之间。

It's really between the hours of 9:30 AM and 12:30 PM.

这个窗口很关键。

That window is crucial.

所以我得非常小心,不在那个时间段锻炼,因为我和大多数创始人一样,不是靠锻炼赚钱的。

So I have to be very careful that I'm not exercising in that window because I, like most founders, don't get paid to exercise.

这一点非常重要。

This is very important.

就是说,如果你要为自己的健康做些事,它们必须能支持你生活的其他方面,反馈到你的公司成功上,这样你才有资源在未来某天调整你的日程。

Like, if you're going to do things for your health, they have to support the other areas of your life in a way that feed back onto something where your company succeeds, and then you actually have the resources to maybe change your schedule someday.

否则,如果人们试图把所有那些方案都塞进来,只会耗尽自己。

But otherwise, if people are trying to just pack all these protocols in, they're just going to deplete themselves.

所以对我来说,就是九点半到十二点半。

So for me, it's 9:30 to 12:30.

这是一个关键窗口。

That's one key window.

然后我的专注力和认知力往往会有一点点下降。

Then I tend to have a little bit of dip in focus and cognition.

再然后,对我来说,在午后稍晚的时候,大概下午四点三十五分左右,我又开始进入另一个窗口,持续到晚上七点左右,就在晚饭前。

And then for me, somewhere in the late afternoon, right around 4:35 PM, I start to get another window that lasts until about 7 PM or so, right before dinner.

我必须抓住那个窗口。

And I have to capture that.

而且我了解到,我的大脑在这两个窗口里分别擅长不同的事情。

And I've learned that my mind is better at certain things in those 2 windows.

再次强调,这非常因人而异。

Again, this is highly individual.

对有些人来说,可能是在半夜。

For some people, it might be the middle of the night.

所以我觉得要了解自己——这可能会随着人生阶段或生活环境而改变——但了解自己,真正抓住这两个时间段,像保护一天中最重要的事一样保护它们。

So I think knowing yourself, and this might change across stages of life or life circumstances, but knowing yourself and really capturing those 2 and protecting those times as if they were the most important times of the day.

可能只有你的家人和同事能因为紧急情况在那时联系你。

So maybe only your family members and coworkers can access you with emergencies during that time or those times.

对大多数人来说,大约是每天两次。

For most people, it's going to be about twice a day.

你可能会说那时间不够。

You might say that's not enough time.

那是三个小时的专注工作,然后下午可能再来三个小时,或者两三个小时。

That's 3 hours of focused work and then maybe 3 hours again in the afternoon or 2 or 3.

我不知道有多少人能每天完全专注八到九个小时,而第二天不会彻底累垮。

I don't know many people that are completely focused for 8 or 9 hours a day without the next day being completely shot.
F1
F138:54

我同意。

I agree.
M1
M138:55

特别是如果你使用药物,这个我们可以聊聊。

Especially if you use pharmacology and we could talk about pharmacology.

咖啡因,我整天小口喝着,就像我说的,一直喝到下午。

Caffeine, I sip on throughout the day, as I said, till the afternoon.

如果我早上运动,下午往往就不需要那么多咖啡因。

If I exercise in the morning, I tend to not need as much caffeine in the afternoon.

我只会补充水分和电解质。

I'll just hydrate electrolytes.

很多人会发现,只要补足水分,警觉性就会提高。

A lot of people will find that just hydrating better will increase their alertness.

所以这是第一点,找出你什么时候运动能让你更有精力,然后保护这些时段。

So that's number one, figure out when you can exercise so that it gives you more energy and protect those.

我称它们为“workabouts”。

I call them workabouts.

我真的把正经工作当成一场搏斗。

I literally think of real work as a fight.

我的朋友Rick Rubin喜欢醒来时——倒不是说慢——而是带着很多平静、平和的感觉进入一天。

My friend Rick Rubin likes to wake up rather, I wouldn't say slowly, but move into the day with a lot of kind of peace and, you know, and kind of calmness.

然后他的工作时段一般是在下午。

And then his work block generally is in the afternoon.

我知道这一点,因为我和Rick待过很长时间,那段时间他的思维最敏锐。

I know this because I've spent a lot of time with Rick and that's when his mind is sharpest.

然后他傍晚会逐渐放松,但在那几小时里他工作非常努力,而且他知道那段时间什么时候到来。

And then he tapers off in the evening, but he's working extremely hard in those hours and he knows when those fall.

我有点不一样。

I'm a little different.

我的专注时段分两段,但它们确实是“回合”一样。

Mine come in 2 bouts, but they are like bouts.

你应该把它们看成一场搏斗。

You should think of them as a fight.

而这是真正、真正的危险所在。

And here's the real, the real danger.

如果你身处其中一个窗口,却让注意力被一些对公司建设没价值的事情抓走,那你失去的——你不仅仅是失去那三四个小时,因为那三四个小时里产生的生产力,远高于你之后某个时间再做那项工作,或者赶工时的生产力。

If you're in one of those windows and you allow your attention to be captured by something that's not worthwhile towards your company build, you're losing ex— you're not just losing that 3 or 4 hours because the productivity that comes in those 3 or 4 hours is exponentially greater than the productivity that comes from doing that work at some point later, or the catch-up work.

这也会让你无法拥有健康的个人生活。

It also prevents you from having a healthy personal life.
F1
F140:21

嗯哼。

Mm-hmm.
M1
M140:22

所以你必须保护那段时光,就好像它是最重要的事情,除非有家庭紧急情况。

So you, we, you have to protect that time as if, uh, it were the most important thing with the exception of family emergencies.

好。

Okay.

所以这是第一点。

So that's number one.

我觉得另一点是,你知道,在硅谷——我是在这儿长大的——以前大家都说,没有哪个成功的创始人是不冥想的人,或者他们都会冥想。

I think the other one is, you know, it used to be in the Valley, I grew up down here, that everyone said, you know, no successful founder, uh, you know, is a non-meditator or something, or they all meditate.

我过去常常想,那真的可能吗?

And I used to think like, can that really be true?

他们真的全都是冥想者吗?

Like, are they all just meditators?

我认为那实际上意味着你需要非常擅长处于那种整个的 stimulus response mode 的生活中。

I think that what that's really about is that you need to be pretty good at being in the whole stimulus response mode of living life.

就像你有任务,你处理任务,你很有条理。

Like you have tasks, you're handling tasks, you're organized.

但我认为,我确实认为每天一次,哪怕只有几分钟,非常值得跳出 stimulus response,向内审视,检查自己是否在正确分配精力。

But I think, I do think that once a day it's very valuable Even if it's for just a few minutes, to just get out of stimulus response and going kind of inward and checking with yourself whether or not you're allocating your energy properly.

有些人更容易被拉入对话、戏剧和他们看到的东西中。

Some people are more prone to getting pulled into conversations and dramas and what they see.

有时人们看到网上的东西,它会在神经系统里留下 long tail,有数据表明你两小时后的想法大致由之前几小时看到的东西播种。

Sometimes people will see things online, it has a long tail in their nervous system, and there's data on this showing that your thoughts in 2 hours are sort of seeded by what you saw in previous hours.

但有些人在 compartmentalize 方面更好,更像是 square waves。

But some people are more like square waves when they compartmentalize better.

其他人像我,如果之前有一场我感兴趣的对话,它会 lingering 并影响我接下来做的事。

Other people like myself, if I have a conversation earlier that's of interest to me, it sort of lingers and it will impact the next thing that I do.

所以我认为这些你只是 check in 并与所有 inputs 分离的时刻,能让你更有效地 pivot。

So I think these moments where you just kind of check in and separate yourself from all the inputs allows you to pivot more effectively.

所以我们现在没有正式的 task switching 协议,但对公司创始人和所有员工来说极其重要,对吧?

And so we don't really have formal protocols for task switching, but this is extremely important for company founders and employees across the board, right?

你必须能在认知上进行 task switch。

You have to be able to cognitively task switch.

我们需要更多关于如何做到的数据,但它肯定涉及回到一个没有任何 inputs 的状态。

And so we need more data on how that's done, but it certainly involves returning to some state where there aren't any inputs.

我认为这非常重要。

I think this is very important.

事实上,Rick 和我一直在琢磨一些不是 meditations 的工具。

In fact, Rick and I have been kicking around some tools that are not meditations.

我们一直在尝试构建一些不是 meditations 的工具。

We've been trying to build some tools that are not meditations.

它们不是 yoga nidra,但能让你对接下来要进行的事情 program 你的 mind。

They're not yoga nidra, but that would allow you to program your mind for what comes next.

想想看,现在是 2022 年了。

Like, if you think about it, it's 2022.

为什么我们坐下来工作时,只是说,好,现在我要 focused,现在我要 creative。

Why in the world are we sitting down to do work and just going, okay, now I'm going to be focused and now I'm going to be creative.

现在我要,唔,我们应该有办法控制 neural activity,让我们能更快更深地进入那些 circuits。

Now I'm going to, like, we should have ways to control neural activity that would allow us to access those circuits more quickly and more deeply.
F1
F142:57

有人向我推销过一个 headband,据说能减少类似 ADHD 的症状,通过向大脑发送 waves 来帮助 focus。

I've been pitched on a headband that reduces like ADHD and helps focus by sending waves through your brain.
M1
M143:05

对,我认为部分是通过控制 activity。

Yeah, I think it's going to be in part by controlling activity.

所以它会涉及一般的 brain state oscillations 之类的东西。

So it'll be sort of general brain state oscillations and things like that.

我认为它会,我喜欢它会被 personalized 的想法。

I think it will, I like the idea that it will be personalized.

我喜欢的想法是,你听到自己头脑中的声音,也许通过 headphones,它了解你,知道你的弱点和强项。

That you, I like the idea that you hear your own voice in your head, maybe through headphones, telling you, that knows you, knows where you're weak and knows where you're strong.

并且是你自己的 AI-built coach,告诉你如何对某些事情建立 blinders,组织你的 focus,或者从一天中 decompress 并完全放松。

And is your own AI-built coach that's telling you, how to create some blinders around certain things and organize your focus, or maybe to decompress from the day and just completely relax.

我对这些技术非常兴奋,但主要是在 sleep 和 waking up 领域,因为现在我们没有理想的 tools。

I'm very excited about these technologies, but mostly in the domain of sleep and waking up, because right now we don't have the ideal tools.

也许这家公司有,但想象一个通过控制 eye movements 让你入睡的 sleep mask,通过耳后的一点 electrical stimulation 很容易实现。

Maybe this company does, but if you think about a sleep mask that could put you to sleep by virtue of controlling your eye movements, it's very easy to do with a little bit of electrical stimulation behind the ear.
F1
F143:57

是的。

Yes.
M1
M143:58

我听说过。

I've heard about that.
F1
F143:58

那是什么,vagus nerve 之类的东西?

What's that vagus nerve or something?
M1
M144:00

嗯,耳朵周围有 vagus 的分支。

Well, you have branches of the vagus around the ear.

还有一些其他的前庭神经,因为它们支配内耳,而且走行得足够表浅,所以你可以做这个;还有眼外肌。

There's some other vestibular nerves that, because they innervate the inner ear, that run superficially enough that you can do this, and the extraocular muscles.

所以我其实有机会试过其中一种睡眠眼罩,对我来说,六分钟我就睡着了。

So I've actually had the chance to try one of these sleep masks, and for me, it was 6 minutes, I'm out.

它也能把你叫醒,这真的很有意思。

It can also wake you up, which is really interesting.

我是说,也许它能提供合适的光照,诸如此类的东西。

I mean, maybe it would deliver the proper lighting, these kinds of things.
F1
F144:28

对。

Yeah.
M1
M144:28

所以我觉得,入睡和醒来的过渡,会是神经技术真正攻克这个挑战的第一站,因为我们确切知道你需要什么。

So the transitions into and out of sleep, I think, are going to be, are going to be the first place where the neurotechnologies really conquer the challenge because we know exactly what you need.

你需要睡着。

You need to be asleep.

好。

Okay.

你需要醒着。

You need to be awake.

你需要保持警觉。

You need to be alert.

可一旦到了“好,现在我们要坐下来,做这类任务”的时候。

When it comes to, okay, now we're going to sit down and, and do this type of task.

我们还是不清楚你真正想要的大脑活动模式到底是什么。

We're still not clear what the patterns of brain activity that you want really are.

比如专注的时候,你想保持警觉,但不能太警觉,对吧?

Like for focus, you want to be alert, but not too alert, right?

这是个倒U型函数。

It's the inverted U-shaped function.

对。

Yeah.

超过那个峰值以后,你就特别容易分心,对吧?

Over that hump, you're highly distractible, right?

太困了,你也特别容易分心。

Too sleepy, you're highly distractible.

就是那个最佳平衡点。

It's that sweet spot.

所以我觉得,这是神经技术里一个非常令人兴奋的领域。

So I think that that's a really exciting area of neurotechnology.

而且同样,这首先会出现在睡眠上,也会出现在AI上。

And again, it'll happen first with sleep and also with AI.

它能够校准,然后说,哦,你知道,我们需要让眼球偏转幅度更大,才能在你处于这种特定状态时诱发它。

It will be able to calibrate and say, oh, you know, we need to make the eye deflections broader in order to induce when you're in this particular state.
F1
F145:21

对。

Yeah.
M1
M145:22

我对此超级兴奋。

I'm super excited by this.

所以你问到了给创始人的工具。

So you asked about tools for founders.

我觉得是这样,对吧?

I think. Right?

我觉得,要根据对你最重要的东西来安排你的一天,对吧?

I think that organizing your day in a way that is tailored to what's most important to you, right?

所以撇开个人生活上的差异不谈,你每天需要有两段时间来完成你最好的工作。

So setting personal life differences aside, you need to get your best work done twice a day.

你需要把自己当成运动员来对待。

You need to treat yourself like an athlete.

我在运营实验室的时候,还有做博士后的时候,都意识到:如果我在开会期间早点睡,第二天在会议上我就会更敏锐。

It occurred to me when I was running a lab, but also when I was a postdoc, that if I get to bed earlier at a conference, I'm going to be sharper the next day at the conference.

那时候,学术会议对我来说真的非常重要。

Conferences were really important to me then.

同样,在做实验时,我完成的实验数量可以是其他人的两倍。

Likewise, with doing experiments, I can get twice as many experiments in as everybody else.

不是仅仅某一天拼命工作,而是我每天都能多完成一个小时的工作。

Not just by working really hard one day, but I'm getting an extra hour of work done.

当然,我也是那种有时会把实验带到研讨会上去的人。

Of course, I was also the person I'd sometimes bring my experiments to seminars.

我当时想,这太疯狂了。

I was like, this is crazy.

我需要做一些 immunohistochemistry。

I need to run some immunohistochemistry.

我为什么不把它带到研讨会上呢?

Why wouldn't I bring it to the seminar?

我听说有人这样做过。

I'd heard someone else did that.

我当时想,我就把我的托盘和转移设备带过去。

I was like, I'm going to just bring my trays and transfer.

所以,你知道,如果每个人都开始这样做,那就会有问题。

So, you know, if everyone started doing that, it'd be problematic.

但关键是,如果你真的认真对待自己和你的工作,你就需要这样安排你的一天。

But the point is that if you take yourself and your work really seriously, you need to organize your day that way.

我确实认为,每周有一天完全与事情脱离,对你重新投入的能力非常有好处。

I do think that having one day per week where you just completely disengaged from things can be very beneficial for your ability to reengage.

你知道,我父亲是科学家,曾在 Xerox PARC 工作很长时间,现在他在做其他事情。

You know, my dad's a scientist and has been involved in, worked at Xerox PARC for a long time, and now he's doing other things.

但很久以前他说,你知道,你必须成为一个长跑运动员。

But long ago he said, you know, you, you have to be a long-distance runner.

就像,这是一个耐力事件。

Like, this is, this is an endurance event.
F1
F146:46

我同意。

I agree.
M1
M146:47

所以我得到过的最好的建议,这也是关于这个的最后一点,是有一位神经学家在,嗯,UC Berkeley 和 UCSF。

So the best advice I ever got, and this will be the last piece on this, is there was a neurologist out at, um, UC Berkeley and UCSF.

Bob Knight,几年前,非常有才华。

Bob Knight, some years ago, very talented.

我向他寻求建议。

And I asked him for advice.

我当时刚开始研究生院,他说,弄清楚你每天能持续完成的实际工作的最大量,然后找到一种不具破坏性的方式每周重置自己。

I was starting graduate school, and he said, figure out the maximum amount of real work that you can do every day consistently, and then figure out some non-destructive way to reset yourself every single week.

我想,好吧。

I thought, okay.

对我来说,那时我可以工作很长时间。

And for me at that time, I could work very long hours.

我说,你怎么重置?

I said, how do you reset?

他说他喜欢钓鱼。

He said he likes fishing.

钓鱼我可以,但我不太喜欢——我知道我喜欢什么。

I'm okay with fishing, but I'm not into— I know what I like.

我喜欢徒步。

I like to hike.

我喜欢进入大自然,同时与人共度时光。

I like to get into nature and spend time with people while I do it.

所以我发现我每天可以工作 X 小时,每周 5 天,有时周中会有点低谷,然后我坚持了 25 年。

So I figured out I could work X number of hours per day, 5 days a week, sometimes a little trough in the middle of the week, and I just stuck to it for 25 years.

如果你——那些服用大量兴奋剂然后猛干猛干猛干的人,这些人也是那些崩溃消失的人。

If you— people who take a ton of stimulants and just blitz, blitz, blitz, blitz, blitz, these are the same people that crash and disappear.

所以你必须找出并建立自己的能力。

So you have to figure out and build your capacity.

而且我认为我们对此讨论得不够,因为人们在这方面确实不同。

And I think we don't talk about that enough because people really differ in this regard.

但没错,你必须非常努力地工作。

But yes, you have to work extremely hard.

你必须极度专注,但你也得想清楚自己能坚持多久。

You have to be extremely focused, but you also have to figure out how long you can keep this up.
M2
M248:04

感谢收听本期 a16z 播客。

Thanks for listening to this episode of the a16z Podcast.

如果你喜欢本期节目,记得点赞、评论、订阅,在任何你收听的地方给我们评分,并且分享给你的朋友和家人。

If you liked this episode, be sure to like, comment, subscribe, leave us a rating wherever you review and share it with your friends and family.

想收听更多节目,可以去 YouTube、Apple Podcasts 和 Spotify。

For more episodes, go to YouTube, Apple Podcasts, and Spotify.

在 X 上关注我们 @A16Z,并在 a16z.substack.com 订阅我们的 Substack。

Follow us on X at A16Z and subscribe to our Substack at a16z.substack.com.

再次感谢收听,我们下期见。

Thanks again for listening, and I'll see you in the next episode.

提醒一下,这里的内容仅供参考。

As a reminder, the content here is for informational purposes only.

不应被视为法律、商业、税务或投资建议,也不应用于评估任何投资。

Should not be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment.

投资或证券,并且不针对任何 a16z 基金的投资者或潜在投资者。

Investment or security and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund.

请注意,a16z 及其关联公司也可能持有本播客中讨论到的公司的投资。

Please note that a16z and its affiliates may also maintain investments in the companies discussed in this podcast.

欲了解更多详情,包括我们投资的链接,请访问 a16z.com/disclosures。

For more details, including a link to our investments, please see a16z.com/disclosures.