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Singapore stocks beat Wall Street over the last five years | Investing basics explained

741 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 40:15
M1
M10:04

ETF、T-bills、SSB。

ETFs, T-bills, SSBs.

这些到底是什么东西?

What even are they?
F1
F10:07

它们跟直接买股票比起来又怎么样呢?

And how do they compare with buying stocks?

嗨,我是 Sue Ann。

Hi, I'm Sue Ann.
M1
M10:10

我是 Kai Wen。

And I'm Kai Wen.

你正在收听的是 Head Start On Record。

You're listening to Head Start On Record.

跟我们一起把它搞明白,这样你就不用一个人摸索了。

Join us as we figure it out together so you don't have to do it alone.
F1
F10:16

今天来到我们录音室的,是来自 SGX 的专家 Emilia Tan。

In the studio with us today is our expert from SGX, Emilia Tan.

你好,Emilia。

Hi, Emilia.
M1
M10:20

欢迎来到节目。

Welcome to the show.
F1
F10:21

欢迎来到节目。

Welcome to the show.
F2
F20:22

谢谢你们邀请我。

Thanks for having me.
M1
M10:23

当然,是我们的荣幸。

Of course, it's a pleasure.
F1
F10:24

当然。

Of course.

好,那我们就直接开始吧,对吧?

Okay, so let's just get right into it, right?

那 Emilia,你能不能解释一下,ETF 到底是什么?

So, Emilia, could you explain like what ETFs are?

因为这个词我们最近真的经常听到。

Because this is a term we hear a lot these days.

特别火。

It's very popular.

在年轻投资者当中特别受欢迎,对吧?

They're so popular among young investors, right?

尤其是。

Especially.

那它们到底是什么,为什么这么受欢迎?

So what are they and why are they so popular?
F2
F20:36

ETF 就是 exchange-traded funds,交易所交易基金。

ETFs are exchange-traded funds.

简单来说,你就想象一下:你面前有一篮子证券,你不需要一只一只单独去买,只要买一份 ETF,买一手,你就立刻有了对这些证券的敞口。

Essentially, just imagine, right, if you're looking at a basket of securities and instead of having to individually buy every single security, you buy a single, one lot of that ETF and you get immediate exposure.

比如说,我们拿 Straits Times Index 来说吧。

So for instance, let's talk about the Straits Times Index.

Straits Times Index 现在有 30 只股票。

Straits Times Index today, we have 30 stocks.

你会把这 30 只股票一只一只地买下来吗?

Are you going to buy all 30 stocks individually?

你可以这么做。

You can.

我不是说你不能这么做。

Not saying that you cannot.

但很麻烦。

Troublesome.

是很麻烦,没错。

Troublesome, correct.

所以通过一个海峡时报指数的 ETF,你基本上只要买一手这个 ETF,就能立刻获得这 30 家公司的全部敞口。

So through a Straits Times Index ETF, you can just essentially buy one lot of the ETF and then you get immediate exposure into all of these 30 companies.

所以你说得对,分散投资,而且是即时分散,方便是其中一个好处。

So you're right, diversification, instant diversification, convenience is one.

当然还有低成本,因为你不需要为这 30 家公司逐一去做这些操作。

And of course, low cost because you don't have to then do that for every single one of the 30.

你只要买一个就够了。

You do that into a single one.

然后你就立刻有了敞口。

And then you get exposure instantly.

而且它的交易方式就跟股票一样。

And it trades just like a stock.

说到 ETF,目前在新加坡交易所上市的 ETF 已经有超过 60 只了。

And ETFs, today we've got over 60 ETFs currently listed on the SGX.

它们跟踪的标的指数非常多,各不相同。

A lot of different underlyings that the index tracks.

所以你可以获得国家指数的敞口,可以获得关键基准指数的敞口,也可以获得不同地区的敞口。

So you can get exposure to country indices, you can get exposure to key benchmarks, you can get exposure to different geographies also.

你还能获得不同资产类别、不同板块、不同主题的敞口。

You can also get exposure to different asset classes, different sectors, different themes.

比如说,台湾还是 Sue Ann,你们喜欢房地产吗?

So for instance, Taiwan or Sue Ann, do you all like real estate or not?
M1
M12:00

不是我的最爱。

Not my favourite.
F2
F22:01

是啊,我也不太喜欢。

Yeah, I'm not for it.

你是认真的吗?

Are you serious?

不是你的最爱?

Not your favourite?
F1
F12:03

不过我们本来应该喜欢的,对吧?

Although we should, right?
M1
M12:04

我喜欢逛街买东西。

I like to go shopping for stuff.

这算房地产吗?

Is that considered real estate?
F1
F12:07

去逛商场?

Going to shopping malls?
F2
F22:08

是啊,我跟你说,我其实很喜欢房地产,但不是每个人都买得起房子来投资的,对吧?

Yeah, I tell you what, I mean, I love real estate, but not everyone can afford to buy houses for investments, right?

因为你的前期支出是多少?

Because your outlay is what?

你要买房,就得先付首付。

If you're going to buy a house, you have to put a down payment.

然后如果这是你的投资房产,你还得付印花税、所得税。

And then if this is your investment property, you have to also pay stamp duties, income taxes.

所以我们确实有一些跟踪房地产指数的 ETF。

So we do have some ETFs that track the real estate indices.

我们把它叫做 S-REIT ETF。

We call that the S-REIT ETF.

哦。

Oh.

我们有 5 只 S-REIT ETF。

So we have 5 S-REIT ETFs.

这一只让你立刻获得一篮子 REITs 的敞口,而这些 REITs 会管理不同的投资组合。

This one gives you sort of immediate exposure to a basket of your REITs that will look after different portfolios.

比如说,你可以买一只 S-REIT ETF,它跟踪的是 S-REIT 指数。

For instance, you can buy an S-REIT ETF and that tracks the S-REIT index.

这样你马上就能投资房地产了。

Immediately you get to invest in real estate.

同时也能获得一些股息。

Also gain some of the dividends.

谁不喜欢股息呢?

Who doesn't like dividends?

如果你建立投资组合,你大概也想通过股息获得更多这种收入。

If you build up your portfolio, you probably want to have exposure to receiving more of this income through dividends.

REITs 也提供这种机会。

REITs offer that kind of exposure as well.
F1
F13:03

所以即使你买那个ETF,也能获得股息,对吧?

So even if you buy that ETF, you can get dividends, right?

这跟比如只买STI ETF不一样。

Which is different from, let's say, if you just buy an STI ETF.
F2
F23:08

STI ETF也有股息。

STI ETFs also have a dividend.

我记得我们的STI ETF,股息大概在3%到4%左右。

Our STI ETFs, if I recall, dividends should be around 3% to 4%.
F1
F13:16

好吧,那相当高了。

Okay, that's pretty high.
F2
F23:17

相当高,没错。

It's pretty high, correct.

对,相当高。

Yeah, pretty high.

那你们都投资了什么?

And what are you guys invested in?

你们会考虑像T-bills、SSB、ETF或者股票这些吗?

Do you all look at things like T-bills, SSBs, or ETFs, stocks?
F1
F13:26

嗯,实际上主要是ETF吧。

Yeah, actually mostly ETFs, I think.

对我来说,我的第一笔投资是——好吧,我的第一笔投资是 robo,但第二笔是像STI ETF这样的。

For me, I think my first investment was— okay, my first investment was a robo, but then my second one was like STI ETF.

那对于初次投资者来说,这是不是挺常见的第一笔投资?

And is that quite a popular first investment for first-time investors?
F2
F23:38

我觉得绝对是。

I think definitely.

因为我们每次跟年轻投资者交流时,都会跟他们聊这个,问他们在投资方面是如何起步的。

Because every time we talk to young investors, we talk to them about it and say, how do you get started in terms of investing?

很多时候,ETF总是第一个想到的话题,因为它简单。

Very often ETF is always like the first topic that comes to mind because it's simple.

你从低至100美元就可以开始接触,因为你可以买入一手ETF的份额。

You start to gain exposure from as little as $100 because you can buy an ETF at one lot of shares.

所以只要每月或大概每月存下100美元,你就能开始获得那种接触,并习惯投资。

So as simple as setting aside $100 every month or so, you can start to gain that exposure and get used to investing.

而且当我们跟年轻人谈投资时,我们总是说,这关乎建立信心。

And when we talk to young people about investing, we always say that it's about gaining confidence.

对。

Yes.

所以你需要尽早开始,从小额开始,这不重要,但你在过程中建立信心。

So you need to start early, you start small, doesn't matter, but you build that confidence along the way.
F1
F14:20

好吧,那么我想,是不是可以说ETF比单纯买个股风险更低?

Okay, and I guess, will we say an ETF is less risky than just buying an individual stock?

因为比如说,STI ETF追踪的是前30家最大的公司,对吧?

Because for example, the STI ETF tracks the top 30, the biggest companies, right?

所以这算不算更安全的选择,比起比如“哦,我买入吉宝,买入一家银行,买入一家房地产公司”?

So is that more of a safer option than like, oh, I buy into Keppel, I buy into a bank, I buy into a real estate company?
F2
F24:39

也许这点我们先弄清楚,对吧?

Maybe let's get this bit clear, right?

如果你买ETF,这和买股票或投资于一篮子证券是一样的。

If you're buying an ETF, it's the same as buying a stock or investing in a basket of securities.

归根结底,你都是在投资。

At the end of the day, you're investing.

会有投资风险、公司风险、市场风险。

There will be investment risks, company risks, market risk.

但ETF的意义在于,因为它能给你这种分散化,你就不是在把所有鸡蛋放进同一个篮子里。

But the point of an ETF, because it gives you that kind of diversification, you're not putting all your eggs into one basket.
F1
F15:00

对。

Right.
F2
F25:01

所以正因如此,如果你想把比如1000美元投到一只股票里,那只股票可能涨百分之五、跌百分之五,然后你的投资也会跟着那样变动。

So because of that, if you're looking at putting, say, $1,000 into one stock, that stock may move up 5%, down 5%, and then your investments will move accordingly.

但如果你把钱投进一只跟踪一篮子股票的ETF,有些股票可能上涨,有些股票可能下跌。

But if you put your money into an ETF, which tracks a basket of stocks, some stocks may go up, some stocks may go down.

因此,因为它分散化了,单一证券风险所带来的影响,通常会被分摊到其中几只股票上。

And therefore, because it's diversified, the impact that you have on a single security risk generally would be spread across a few of these.
M1
M15:30

所以这就是它对新手友好的原因?

So that's why it's good for beginners?
F2
F25:32

对,它对新手很友好。

It's good for beginners, correct.
M1
M15:33

其实我买的第一只ETF,跟踪的是S&P 500。

In fact, the very first ETF I bought, it tracks the S&P 500.

这是我朋友给我的建议。

And this was advice given to me by my friends.

我遇到的一个问题是,当我到一家网上券商那里想买这只ETF时,发现有很多公司都在跟踪S&P 500。

One problem I faced was when I went into an online broker to try to buy the ETF, there are many companies that track the S&P 500.

所以我不知道该买哪一只,也不知道它们之间有什么区别。

And so I didn't know which one to buy and I didn't know what was the difference.

你觉得跟踪同一个指数的这么多ETF之间,有没有什么内在的、明显的差别?

Do you think there are any inherent obvious differences between the many ETFs that track one index?
F2
F25:59

当然有。

Definitely.

不同的ETF中,有些跟踪的是相似的指数、相似的市场。

Different ETFs, some of them track similar indices, similar markets.

我觉得你在看ETF的时候,有几件事需要考虑。

I think when you're looking at ETF, there are a few things that you want to consider.

一个是,这只ETF的提供商是谁?

One is, who is this ETF provider?

管理费是多少?

What are some of the management fees?

expense ratio 是多少?

What are some of the expense ratios?

tracking error 是多少?

What are some of the tracking errors?

因为不同的管理人,他们的 track record 也不一样。

Because different managers, they also have different track record.

有些的 tracking error 比较低,也许有些的 tracking error 比较大。

Some of them have a lower tracking error, maybe some have a wider tracking error.

所以这些也是要考虑的事情。

So these are things to consider as well.
M1
M16:26

这些数据我能看到吗?

Maybe I can see those data?
F2
F26:28

当然可以!

Of course!

因为所有这些——只要你是ETF的发行商或管理方,你就必须公布你的ETF fact sheet。

Because all of them, so long as you're an ETF issuer manager, you would have to publish your ETF fact sheet.

所以很多时候你只要简单地在Google上搜一下,对吧?

So very often you just do a simple Google search, right?

某某公司,不管他们有什么ETF,其实都会把这些全都公布出来。

So-and-so, whatever ETF they have, they actually publish all that.

在网站上。

On the website.

这是相当公开的。

It's quite public.

因为交易所交易基金(ETF)是在交易所公开交易的,所以相比于购买私人投资基金,你可以找到更多的信息。

And because an exchange-traded fund is publicly traded on the exchange, there's more information that you can find as opposed to buying a private investment fund, for instance.

既然你提到了S&P 500,我不知道你们有没有看到两周前的新闻,我们终于有了自己的Xtrackers UCITS ETFs。

And since you mentioned the S&P 500, I don't know whether you guys have seen the news two weeks ago that we finally have our Xtrackers UCITS ETFs.

我们有四个这样的ETF在SGX上市了。

We have four of them that launched on the SGX.

其中两个追踪S&P 500。

Two of them track the S&P 500.

一个是主要的S&P 500指数,另一个是S&P 500等权重指数。

One is the main S&P 500 index, the other one is an S&P 500 equal-weighted index.
M1
M17:15

等权重?

Equal-weighted?

什么意思?

What does that mean?
F2
F27:17

就是说所有的股票,权重都一样。

That means all your stocks, all equal weighting.

比如说,如果你不想在某些行业有太高的比例,当然S&P 500是有权重的,对吧?

So for example, if you don't really want such a high exposure to certain sectors, which of course the S&P 500 has exposure to, correct?

你也可以用那种,它给ETF里的500支股票都设定相同的权重。

You can also get that, which gives you equal weighting across the 500 stocks in the ETF.
F1
F17:34

好的,好的。

Okay, okay.

我记得你之前提到过大概有60个ETF在SGX上市。

And I think you talked about like 60 ETFs listed on SGX.

所以,有我们熟悉的STI ETF,还有S&P 500的。

So I mean, there's the STI one which we know, there's also the S&P 500 ones.

你能告诉我们其他还有哪些吗?

Can you give us a taste of what the other ones are?
F2
F27:45

当然可以。

Of course, can.

总的来说,我们的ETF系列覆盖了不同的资产类别。

Broadly, I would say that our ETF suite covers different asset classes.

我们有权益类ETF,追踪股票。

So we have the equity which tracks stocks.

像STI那些,就属于权益类ETF。

So your STI type, those would fall under the equity class ETF.

我们还有固定收益类ETF。

We also have fixed income ETFs.

所以如果你想买一组债券,也可以通过一个ETF来实现。

So if you're looking at buying into a basket of bonds, you can also do so via a single ETF.

我们还有大宗商品ETF。

Then we also have the commodity ETF.

比如你喜欢黄金,如果你觉得黄金在特定时期是很不错的对冲工具,想获得黄金的敞口,而不是去买金条,当然你也可以去买金条。

So if you like gold, if you think, okay, gold is a good hedge for certain periods and then you want to get exposure to that, as opposed to going to buy a gold bar, which you can also go and buy a gold bar.
M1
M18:21

你可以这么做。

You can do so.
F1
F18:23

也许买ETF,然后卖珠宝。

Maybe buy the ETF and sell jewelry.
F2
F28:25

对,没错。

Yeah, correct.

也许,对,买ETF。

Maybe, yeah, you buy the ETF.
M1
M18:26

哦对,我建议还是用ETF。

Oh yeah, I propose still using the ETF.
F1
F18:29

你可以说,我给你买了这个黄金ETF。

You can say, I bought you this gold ETF.
M1
M18:31

还是黄金啊。

Still gold ah.

一样的啊。

Same ah.
F2
F28:33

没错。

That's true.

只不过她不能把 ETF 穿在身上。

Except she cannot wear the ETF.

差别就在这儿。

That's the only difference.
F1
F18:36

但她可以拿它去炫耀啊。

But she can brag about it.
F2
F28:37

是的,没错。

Yes, that's true.

她可以拿这个炫耀。

She can brag about it.

所以我们有不同的敞口,当然,比方说房地产,我们也有 REIT ETF。

So we have different exposures and of course, for instance, like real estate, we also have the REIT ETFs.

所以投资者也有很多不同的选择可以看看。

So various options for investors to also take a look at.

我觉得这是一种很方便的方式,帮你开始搭建自己的资产类别,也开始慢慢熟悉投资这个世界。

I think it's a convenient way to start building your asset classes and to start getting used to the world of investing.
F1
F18:57

好,那我还有一个问题。

Okay, yeah, and I also have another question.

我们聊了 ETF 的好处,对年轻投资者来说它是个很好的起点。

We've talked about the benefits of ETFs, how it's a good starting point for young investors.

但它有没有什么缺点或者不好的地方呢?

But are there any disadvantages or cons to it?

因为比如说,标普500 追踪的是美国最大的 500 家公司。

Because for example, the S&P 500 tracks the top 500 companies in the US.

而这些公司目前可能科技股的比重非常高。

And these are maybe very tech-heavy at the moment.

所以大家会担心,哎呀,我买这个 ETF,它的科技股权重太高了。

So people are afraid, oh, if I buy this ETF, it's a very tech-heavy weightage.

万一科技行业出点什么事,那不就全都赔光了。

So if anything happens to the tech industry, then everything gets wiped out.

买 ETF 有什么弊端吗?

Are there any drawbacks of buying an ETF?
F2
F29:26

这跟投资某一只股票是一样的。

It's the same as if investing in a particular counter.

市场风险永远是存在的。

There will always be the market risk.

所以我的看法是,当我们投资、买入某一只证券的时候,在这个情况下可能是一只 ETF,你不要把所有鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里。

So how I would see it is that when we are investing and when we're buying a particular security, or in this case it could be an ETF, you don't put all your eggs into one basket.

不要把所有资金都投到一只股票上。

You don't put all your capital into one stock.

你可能也不该把所有资金都投到一只 ETF 上。

You also probably don't want to put all your capital into one ETF.

投资说到底就是资产配置。

Investing is all about asset allocation.
F1
F19:50

好的。

Okay.
F2
F29:50

对年轻投资者来说,大家讲资产配置的时候,就是,好,百分之多少放股票,百分之多少放债券,诸如此类。

And for a young investor, when people talk about asset allocation, it's like, okay, how many percent into equity, how many percent into bonds, so on and so forth.

通常,做资产配置的人或者一些专业人士会说,对于投资期限更长的年轻投资者,你承担多一点风险的能力也更强,你也可以这么做。

And typically, what the asset allocators or what some of the professionals out there would indicate for younger investors with a longer horizon, your ability to take on a little bit more risk, you can also do that.

所以对于,我会说,一个刚开始工作的人,我是说刚踏入职场、做长期投资的人,也许他们可以把投资组合的 80% 到 90% 放在股票上,然后 10% 到 20% 放在债券上。

So for, I would say, someone that has just started out with work, I mean, just started out their career and investing for the long term, maybe they could take on, say, 80% to 90% of their portfolio into equities and then maybe 10% to 20% into bonds.

当然,你可以根据自己的投资风险和投资期限来做调整。

But of course, you can tailor that according to your investment risk, your time horizon.

然后比方说,看股票那部分,你可以决定要看看哪一类的 ETF。

And then, for instance, if you're looking at your equities portion, you can decide what kind of ETFs to look at.

也许你想买单只股票,也许你也想买一篮子 ETF,让自己在某些资产类别、某些地区上有敞口。

Maybe you want to do single stock, or maybe you also want to buy a basket of ETFs that give you exposure into certain asset classes, certain geographies.

比如说,你可能想一半配置新加坡,一半配置美国。

For instance, you may want to have half Singapore exposure, half US exposure.

你不一定非得只看 S&P 500 ETF,因为你可能会担心它在某些资产类别里的权重是不是太高。

You don't have to just look at the S&P 500 ETF because you might be concerned whether or not there's heavy exposure to certain asset classes.

就像我们前面提到的,S&P 500 Equal Weighted 你也可以买,因为它能让你在各个行业之间稍微分散一些。

Like we mentioned earlier on, the S&P 500 Equal Weighted, you can also buy that because it gives you a bit of a spread across the sectors.

或者你也可以看看不同的市场。

Or you can also look at different markets.

其实,为什么关注不同市场很重要呢?因为我觉得很多时候,当我们跟年轻投资者交流,甚至——我是说,很多很多年前我自己刚开始投资、刚开始看这些的时候,也是这种感觉。

Actually, why it's important to look at different markets is because I think a lot of times when we talk to younger investors or even, I mean, when I also just started out investing and looking at this many, many, many years ago.

大家也会有一种印象,觉得美国市场增长很多、很让人兴奋。

People also have the impression that, actually, US, a lot of growth, very exciting.

对,没错。

Yeah, exactly.

我是说,毫无疑问,美国也是非常出色的市场。

I mean, no doubt, US, very outstanding market as well.

有很多非常非常有意思的公司。

There are very, very interesting companies.

而且你在社交媒体上也会看到很多相关的讨论。

And when you look at social media, there are a lot of talk around that.

没有绝对的对错,对吧?

No right, no wrong, right?

但当我们稍微做个对比,看看新加坡市场是不是也同样重要。

But when we also do a bit of a comparison to say that, is the Singapore market relevant?

我会觉得新加坡市场也非常重要。

I would think the Singapore market is also very relevant.

如果你看过去1年、3年、5年,其实新加坡市场的表现都超过了美国。

If you look at the last 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, actually the Singapore market has outperformed the US.

你知道吗?

Did you know?

哦,我还真不知道。

Oh, I did not know that.

真的吗?

Really?

是的。

Yes.

所以来之前,我刚刚更新了一些数据,对吧,从我们上次聊到现在。

So before we came by, I just updated some of the statistics, right, from our last chat until now.

其实,过去5年里,新加坡市场按总回报算,表现差不多在110%以上。

Actually, in the last 5 years, the Singapore market performed close to about over 110% in terms of total returns.

而美国呢,也还行,我觉得大概80%到90%。

Whereas on the US, it's okay, I think about 80-90%.

还是挺不错的,对吧?

Still quite good, right?

但话又说回来,如果你换算回新加坡元,因为毕竟我们所有储蓄都在这里,对吧?

But then again, if you convert back into Singapore dollars, because after all, all our savings are over here, right?

即使你有美国投资,你把它换算成新加坡元,你就会想知道它到底——

Even if you have US investments, you convert that into Singapore dollars and you want to know how it—.
F1
F112:23

然后还有汇率波动。

And then the currency volatility.
F2
F212:24

汇率啊,所有这些。

Currency, all that.

回报其实更接近大概75%。

The returns is actually closer to about 75%.

对,所以我是说,这里面有—— 为什么会这样呢?

Yeah, so I mean, there are— Why leh?

你怎么突然就——

Why you suddenly like—.
M1
M112:33

哇,我为新加坡感到骄傲。

Wow, I'm proud of Singapore.
F1
F112:34

是啊,为新加坡感到骄傲。

Yeah, proud of Singapore.

我觉得这是大家真的不太了解的事情。

I think it's something people don't really know.

关键就在这儿,对吧?

That's the thing, right?

因为我们老是说,哎呀,标普涨了多少、涨了百分之几。

Because we keep talking about, oh, S&P is going up how much, how many percent.
M1
M112:40

网上也全是这种讨论,对吧?

It's the chatter online also, right?

我很容易被这些网上的讨论带着走。

I'm very swept up by the chatter.
F2
F212:43

所以打破这个误解很重要。

Important to debunk the myth.

对。

Right.

而且事实上,投资的时候,你总是要从全球的角度来看。

And the fact that, in investing, you always look at it from a global standpoint.

新加坡对我们所有人来说仍然非常相关,因为我们的储蓄在这里,我们的开销也在这里。

Singapore is still very much relevant for all of us because our savings are over here, our expenses are over here.

就是我们说的资产负债匹配,这确实有道理。

What we call asset-liability matching, it does make sense.

其实还有另一点,也有一点本土偏好,就是因为熟悉,对吧?

And actually another thing also, which is a bit of the home bias, familiarity, right?

就像你提到的,你去商场。

Just like you mentioned, you go to a shopping mall.

这很重要,因为周末你去这些商场,你能看到人流量,能看到人群。

It's important because on the weekends, you visit these shopping malls, you get to see the footfall, you get to see the crowd.

甚至有时候你看某些超市或餐饮公司,你能真切感受到情况怎么样、他们做得怎么样、那边生意如何。

Or even sometimes when you're looking at certain supermarkets or F&B companies, you get to really feel how is it, how are they doing, how's business like over there.
M1
M113:21

可为什么这很重要呢?

Why is that important though?

为什么这很重要?

Why is that important?
F2
F213:24

这很重要,因为当你投资一家公司时,你想参与这家公司的成长。

That is important because when you invest in a company, you want to be part of that company's growth.

你也想知道这家公司做得好不好,对吧?

You also want to know whether the company is doing well, right?

他们经营得怎么样?

How are they getting along?

你可以投资外国公司,但那意味着你也必须主动、严格地跟进这家公司在业务更新、盈利方面的进展。

You can invest in a foreign company but that means you have to also actively be disciplined to follow how this company is progressing in terms of their business updates, their earnings.
M1
M113:43

没错。

That's true.
F2
F213:43

但如果你没有那么多精力,或者觉得太麻烦,那带一点本地色彩、离自己更近,也就是我们从小熟悉的东西,就有意义了。

But if you don't have that bandwidth or if you find that it's a little bit too troublesome, then having a bit of a local flavour where it's nearer to home, it's that familiarity that we all grew up with.

再说一次,不是说你应该只看新加坡。

Again, not saying that you should only look at Singapore.

拥有全球多元化的投资组合始终很重要。

It's always important to have a global diversified portfolio.

而新加坡对我们很多人来说,仍然是一个非常相关的股市。

And Singapore is very much a very relevant stock market for a lot of us.

如果你喜欢股息,我们说过 STI ETF,大概能给你 3% 到 4%。

And if you like dividends, we talked about the STI ETF, which gives you about 3% to 4%.

我很喜欢股息。

I love dividends.
F1
F114:16

是啊,3% 到 4%,我是说,这真的很高,对吧?

Yeah, 3% to 4%, I mean, that's really high, right?

这比定期存款之类的要高得多。

It's a lot higher than like your fixed deposits and all that.
F2
F214:21

没错。

That's true.

对。

Correct.

比定期存款高,比T-bills、SSBs高,这些在2022年的时候非常非常受欢迎。

Higher than fixed deposit, higher than T-bills, SSBs, which were very, very popular back then in 2022.

2022年因为利率很高,所以它们的收益率大约在4%左右。

2022 Because the interest rates were high, so they were yielding at about 4%.

所以可以理解,很多人转向了这些。

So understandably, a lot of people turned to that.

但如今,T-bills和SSBs的利率大概多少?低于2%还是2%左右?

But today, T-bills and SSBs, they're around what, below 2% or 2% or so?

现在的通货膨胀率是多少?

What is inflation today?

怎么战胜通货膨胀?

How to beat inflation?

所以我觉得投资者也需要看得更远,看看有哪些选择能给他们提供那种对冲风险的机会。

So I think investors have to also look beyond that and to see what are the options out there that can give them that kind of hedging exposure.
F1
F114:57

其实,你这么说很有意思,对吧?

Actually, that's so interesting that you say this, right?

因为我觉得人们有这样的想法,因为我们之前讨论过ETF是一种方式,所以人们觉得,我只要买一个ETF,就完成了多元化。

Because I think people had the idea, because we talked about ETFs being a way So people have the idea, if I just buy one ETF, I'm done with diversification.

就好像,好的,我买我的S&P 500。

It's like, okay, I buy my S&P 500.

好的,我完成了。

Okay, I'm done.
M1
M115:09

500家公司呢。

500 Companies eh.

你还想要什么?

What more do you want?
F1
F115:11

是啊,哇,500家。

Yeah, wow, 500.

我太多元化了。

I'm so diversified.

我做得很好,对吧?

I've done so well, right?

然后现在你却说,哦,其实不是这样。

And then now what you're saying is, oh, that's actually not true.

即便是ETF,你也需要按地域、按市场、按行业来分散你的ETF。

Even with ETFs, you also need to diversify your ETFs by geography, by market, by sector.

其实,既然我们聊到了SGX,也许我们可以多谈谈它。

Actually, maybe we talk a bit more about SGX since we're on the topic of it.

当然,我们也承认,人们——有很多关于美国及其经济增长的讨论,人们会说,哦,SGX有点疲软。

Of course, we have also acknowledged that people— there's a lot of chatter around the US and its growth and people are saying, oh, SGX is a bit sluggish.

但在最近一年左右,也许情况有所改变。

But in the last year or so, maybe that has changed.

你觉得现在真的改变了吗?

Do you think that it has really changed now?

是不是成了对年轻投资者来说更令人兴奋的东西?

Like it's like something more exciting for young investors?
F2
F215:41

当然。

Definitely.

而且我认为不仅仅是在过去一年。

And I don't think it's just in the last 1 year.

在过去的一年、三年、五年里,我们都超过了美国。

The last 1, 3, 5 years, we have outperformed the US.

我觉得很多人都没有认识到这一点。

I think that's a lot that people may not have— people may not realise about.

而且我认为,随着我们最近看到的公告,市场开始重新吸引大量兴趣,从机构投资者的角度来看,资金也在流入。

And I think there's a lot of interest that is starting to come back into the market with the recent announcements that we have seen out there where from an institutional investor standpoint, Money is also coming in.

而且,肯定的是,从散户投资者的角度来看,我们也开始看到资金流入新加坡市场。

And also definitely from a retail investor standpoint, we're also starting to see the fund flows coming into the Singapore market.

还有散户交易,我觉得我们快接近上一个——截至我们财年结束的时候,散户交易处于12年来的最高点。

And the retail trading also, I think we're close to the last— as of our end of financial year, retail trading is at a 12-year high.
F1
F116:21

哇,好吧。

Wow, okay.

嗯。

Yeah.

所以大家的兴趣多了很多,对吧?

So there's a lot more interest, right?

我想我们已经提到了一些关于SSB和T-bill的内容。

And I think we have already mentioned a bit about SSBs and T-bills.

所以也许我们可以稍微深入讲一下。

So maybe we can go a bit into that.

我是说,现在的利率可能不是很高,但它仍然是一个相当受欢迎的选择,对吧?

I mean, interest rates may be not very high at the moment, but it's still quite a popular choice, right?

尤其是在首次投资者当中,或者那些害怕风险和波动的人。

Among first-time investors especially, or people who are afraid of all the risk and the volatility.

它一直被称为最安全的选择,因为它有政府背书。

It's always called the safest option because it's government-backed.

所以也许你可以解释一下,SSB和T-bill到底是什么?

So maybe you can explain a bit, what are SSBs and T-bills?

它们彼此有什么不同,又如何帮助投资者?

How are they different from each other and how do they help an investor?
F2
F216:50

可以想想SSB,因为SSB就是新加坡储蓄债券。

Think of SSBs because SSBs are Singapore Savings Bonds.

T-bill也是由新加坡政府发行的。

T-bills are also issued by the Singapore government.

所以可以把它想成是你把钱借给政府,作为回报你获得利息——也许利息不是很多,但你以利息支付的形式获得回报。

So think of it as you're lending money to the government and in return you get the interest— maybe not so much interest, but you get interest in the form of the interest payments.
F1
F117:09

好的。

Okay.
F2
F217:10

对。

Right.

它在2022年非常受欢迎,当时收益率大约在4%。

It was highly popular in 2022 when they were yielding at about 4%.

现在它们的收益率大约在2%,也许略低于2%。

Today they are yielding at about 2%, maybe slightly under 2%.

是的。

Yeah.

同样,我会对年轻投资者说的是,也许T-bill可以成为你投资组合的一部分。

Again, what I would say to a young investor is that maybe T-bills can form part of your portfolio.
M1
M117:28

对。

Right.
F2
F217:28

因为T-bill期限更短,6个月。

Because T-bills, shorter term, 6 months.

所以如果你,比如说,有一些闲钱放在那里,用于近期紧急情况之类的,而你不知道该放在哪里,也许你可以考虑买一个T-bill,然后每6个月滚动一次。

So if you, for example, have some spare cash lying around for near-term emergencies or whatnot and you don't know where to place them, maybe you could consider buying a T-bill and then roll that every 6 months.

但你真的想把你的全部——或者把T-bill看作你唯一的单一——

But do you really want to put your entire sort of— or see T-bills as your only single—.
M1
M117:47

至少是1%多一点。

At least at 1 point something percent.
F1
F117:49

是的。

Yeah.

我觉得有些人确实这么做,你知道的,就像每6个月他们就再买一期。

I think some people do that, you know, like every 6 months they just buy another tranche.
F2
F217:53

那么我问他们的问题是,现在的通胀是多少?

Then my question to them is, how much is inflation now?

那么如果你只投资那个,你怎么让你的钱为你工作呢?

Then if you invest only in that, how are you going to make your money work for you?

你的目标是什么?

What's your goal?

嗯。

Yeah.

长远来看,你应该让你的钱为你工作,对吧?

You should be making your money work for you in the long run, right?

而且对年轻投资者来说,你的投资期限其实挺长的,对吧?

And for young investors, your time horizon is quite long, right?

所以我过来之前快速算了一下。

So I did a quick run before coming over here.

SGX 网站上有个投资增长计算器。

Now we have this investment growth calculator on the SGX website.

你上 SGX 网站,点进 Stock Exchange 那个标签。

If you go to SGX website, you go to the Stock Exchange tab.

鼠标移到上面,会看到 Research and Education 这一部分。

And if you hover over it, there's this Research and Education part.

你可以点进 Investment Growth Calculator。

You can click into the Investment Growth Calculator.

这个计算器是用来追踪 STI 指数过去较长一段时间的全部回报的。

This calculator was done to track all the returns of the STI index over the past longer term.

大概过去 20 年吧。

So the past 20 years or so.

比如说,作为年轻投资者,你刚开始投资的时候,你大概——我也说不准,刚开始投资时你大概有多少钱?

So for instance, as a young investor, when you want to start out, you probably— I don't know, when you start out investing, how much you probably have?

可能一万块吧,我们就按这个算。

Maybe $10,000, let's say.

合理吧?

Reasonable?
M1
M118:43

可能两千块吧。

Maybe $2,000.
F2
F218:46

好。

Okay.

为了方便。

For ease.

为了方便,对。

For ease, yeah.
F1
F118:49

可能按年算。

Maybe annual.
F2
F218:51

初始投资一万块。

$10,000 initial investment.

然后每个月再拿出 1000 块继续再投资。

Then every month you park aside $1,000 to also reinvest.

听起来还能承受。

That sounds manageable.

平均下来,对吧?

On average, right?

因为刚开始的时候,你可能——我是说——

Because maybe when you're first starting out, you're— I mean—.
M1
M119:02

要买的东西很多啦。

Got many things to buy lah.

奶茶。

Bubble tea.
F2
F219:04

对,奶茶,没错没错。

Yeah, bubble tea, correct, correct.

奶茶、外套,出去吃好吃的之类的。

Bubble tea, jacket, go and makan nice food and all that.

不过好,我们先把这些放一边。

But okay, we park that aside again.

初始投资一万块。

Initial investment $10,000.

每个月你拿出1000块,再投进STI指数里。

Every month you set aside $1,000 to reinvest into the STI index.

如果你就这么一路坚持,拉长到20年的周期。

And if you pull that all the way for a 20-year horizon.

所以这就像是,比如说,今天是2026年。

So this is, for example, today is 2026.

假设你是从……

Let's say you started.
M1
M119:23

从2006年开始。

Out in 2006.
F2
F219:25

2006年。就按这个来。

2006. With that.

你猜2026年会是多少。

Guess the number in 2026.
F1
F119:30

哇,本金才1万块。

Wow, with $10,000.
F2
F219:31

啊?

Ah?

1万块本金,再加上每个月1000块,投20年。

$10,000 plus $1,000 every month in 20 years.

那会是多少?

What is it?
F1
F119:38

哇,我可不敢猜。

Wow, I don't dare to guess.
F2
F219:39

我先让你猜,猜完我再公布答案。

I'll let you guess first before I give you the answer.
M1
M119:41

20万。

$200,000.
F1
F119:42

20万?

$200,000?
M1
M119:43

30万。

$300,000.

再高点,40万。

Higher, $400,000.

就看谁猜得最接近了。

Guess the price is right.

50万?

$500,000?

我的最终答案,50万。

My final answer, $500,000.
F1
F119:51

我本来想说10万的。

I was going to say $100,000.
M1
M119:53

等等等等,得算一下嘛。

Wait, wait, must do the math lah.

每个月1000块,12个月乘20年。

$1,000 a month, 12 times 20.
F2
F219:57

好,等下你可以去SGX网站上用那个计算器算一下。

Okay, later you go and use the calculator on the SGX website.

但这个数字超过了70万。

But the number is over $700,000.

什么?

What?

所以这才真叫让钱替你赚钱。

So that really is making money work for you.
M1
M120:06

都快到100万了。

Almost a million there already.
F1
F120:07

是啊,等到你退休的时候,你早就可以退休了。

Yeah, by the time you retire, you can retire already.
F2
F220:09

所以我们常说,为什么要早点开始?

And we always say, why start early?

为什么呢?

Because why?

没必要去把握市场时机,对吧?

No point timing the market, right?

你永远不知道什么时候是买入的最佳时机。

You never know when's the perfect dip to buy.

你也不知道什么时候是卖出最佳时机。

You don't know when is the perfect time to sell.

在市场中的时间比把握市场时机更重要。

Time in the market is better than timing the market.

所以啊,新加坡和新加坡人,我觉得新加坡人真的非常擅长储蓄。

So since— so Singapore and Singaporeans, I think Singaporeans are really good savers.

我们是储蓄大户。

We are huge savers.

如果你去看看那些理财素养调查,新加坡人嘛,就是储蓄大户。

If you're going to look at some of the financial literacy surveys out there, Singaporeans are huge savers.
F1
F120:34

把钱存银行里。

Depositing money into the bank.
F2
F220:35

说到这个,我几天前看到新闻,你知道吗,那个Money Lock功能?

Actually, on that note, I saw the news a few days ago, you know, the Money Lock feature?
F1
F120:39

是的。

Yes.
M1
M120:40

这个是什么?

What about this?
F2
F220:40

锁了多少钱?

How much is locked away?
F1
F120:43

哦,我不知道。

Oh, I don't know.

我是说,我用过那个功能。

I mean, I use that feature.
M1
M120:45

等等,等等,你是说你能锁多少钱?

Wait, wait, as in how much can you lock away?
F2
F220:47

不是,是所有新加坡人总共锁了多少钱?

No, how much is locked away in total for all the Singaporeans?

新加坡人在那个金库里的钱?

Singaporeans' money in the money vault.

是叫money vault吗?

Is it called money vault?

那个锁功能?

The lock feature?
F1
F120:55

对,就是你不能动的那部分钱。

Yeah, it's just the amount that you cannot touch.
F2
F220:57

300亿美元。

$30B.

哇。

Wah.

我记得数字是大约40万新加坡人使用了Money Lock功能。

I think the number was about 400,000 Singaporeans using the Money Lock feature.
M1
M121:02

对。

Right.
F2
F221:03

300亿美元。

$30B.

想象一下,那是300亿美元就这么锁起来了。

So imagine that's $30B just locked away that.
M1
M121:06

你。

You.
F1
F121:06

可以投资,

Can invest,
F2
F221:07

对吧?

Right?

这个你或许可以拿去投资。

Which you could perhaps invest.
M1
M121:09

嗯。

Yeah.
F2
F221:09

是的。

Yes.
M1
M121:10

因为新加坡人非常怕输,你懂吧。

Because Singaporeans are very kiasi, you see.

所以他们怕投资就会损失那笔钱。

So they're scared that they'll lose that money if they invest.

我是说,那是我父母的想法,他们总是这么跟我说。

I mean, that's my parents' thinking, and that's what they always tell me.
F2
F221:18

另一个我想澄清的误解是,投资不等于买卖股票。

Another sort of myth that I would like to debunk is that investing doesn't equate to trading.

人们总是认为投资就是我去买卖股票。

People always think that investing means I go and trade the stock market.

几乎像赌博,对吧?

Almost like gambling, right?
F1
F121:29

因为他们总说玩股票市场。

Because they always say play the stock market.
F2
F221:31

对。

Correct.

但投资可以缓慢而稳定地进行。

But investing, it can be slow and steady.

投资在对的地方。

Investing in the right things.

然后还有很多工具和产品,比如RSP、Regular Shares Savings,或者我们说的Regular Share Plans——作为你储蓄的一部分,去投资股票市场。

And then there are also all these instruments and products out there that people can— RSP, Regular Shares Savings, or Regular Share Plans that we call it— set aside as part of your savings that will go into investing into the stock market.

股票市场也一样,这些投资会复利增长。

Stock market as well and that will compound.

时间的重要性在于它会复利,然后你都没意识到最后那个数字会变得相当大。

The importance of time is because that actually compounds and then you don't realise that the end number is fairly large after that.
F1
F122:01

不过我还有关于T-bills和SSBs的问题。

I also have a question though about the T-bills and SSBs, right?

因为你提到在2022年,利率高很多,现在又下降了很多。

Because like you mentioned in 2022, like the interest rate was so much higher and then now it's dropped by so much.

那它下降这么多有什么原因吗?

Like, is there a reason that it has dropped so much?

影响利率的因素有哪些?

Like, what are the factors around it that influence the interest rate?
F2
F222:13

你觉得当时T-bills收益率在4%左右是什么原因?

What do you think caused the T-bills yield to be at about 4% back then?
F1
F122:17

新冠啊?

COVID ah?

是因为新冠吗?

Was it COVID?
F2
F222:19

不是啦,这是在新冠之后。

No lah, this is after COVID.

因为当时利率在上升。

Because interest rates were rising.

所以现在利率也多少降下来了。

So now interest rates sort of also have come off.

T-bills的利率自然也下降了。

The T-bills rates have also naturally come off.

所以在2%的情况下,我想还有其他选择可用。

So at 2%, I think there are other options that are available.
F1
F122:35

啊,好的。

Ah, okay.

所以实际上,如果利率高,那就是一个不错的投资选择,对吧?

So actually, if the rate is high, then it is quite a good investment option, right?

只不过如果利率只有 2% 的话,那跟其他投资工具比起来,就相对比较低了。

It's just that if the rate is like at 2%, then it's lower comparatively to other investment tools.
F2
F222:45

它可以是你投资组合的一部分,还是那句话,只是一部分。

It could be part, again, part of your portfolio.

它不一定非得是你唯一的投资。

It doesn't have to be the only investment.

在你的整个投资组合里,你可能会想留一部分放现金,一部分放在,比如说 T-bill、SSB 这些风险比较低的地方。

In your entire portfolio, you may want to have some part in cash, some part into, you know, maybe T-bills, SSB, where it's fairly low risk.

这些你照样能拿到收益。

You still get that.

但你会想把所有鸡蛋都放在同一个篮子里吗?

But do you want to put all your eggs into one basket?

所以,可能还是不要吧。

Again, maybe not.
F1
F123:02

要分散投资。

Diversify.

而且 SSB 的话,你的钱还会被锁定一段时间,对吧?

And with SSB, you also lock your money up for like a certain period of time, right?

所以也就是说,钱就放在那儿,会按那个固定利率增长,但不会更高了。

So that also means that it's kind of like just there and it will grow at that fixed rate, but it won't be any higher.
F2
F223:12

对,没错。

Correct.
M1
M123:12

SSB 大概是多少年来着,几年对吧?

SSB is like what, a few years, right?

至少几年。

At least.
F2
F223:15

它们有不同的期限。

They have different time horizons.
M1
M123:17

对。

Right.

那最长的是多久?

So what's the longest one?
F2
F223:17

T-bill 也是一样。

Same thing for T-bills.

有 6 个月的,也有 1 年的。

You can have the 6-month one, you can have the 1-year one.

你当然也可以把钱取出来,但那样就会有罚金。

So you can also take your money out, but then there'll be penalties.
M1
M123:25

会有罚金?

There will be penalties?
F1
F123:26

对,所以就不划算了。

No, so not worth it.
M1
M123:27

好,我明白了。

Okay, I see.

因为如果你把钱取出来,那就得付罚金。

Because if you take the money out, then you must pay.

所以你就损失了那部分增长。

So you lose your growth.
F2
F223:32

当然要付啊。

Of course you must pay.

我的意思是,人家是承诺给你一定的百分比,你才买那个 T-bill 的。

I mean, people have committed to give you a certain percentage for you to buy that T-bill.
M1
M123:39

对对。

Right, right.

那这对年轻人来说不是很不利吗?

So isn't that disadvantageous for somebody who's younger?

那你就没有那个流动性了。

Then you don't have that liquidity then.
F2
F223:44

所以我觉得这还是要回到你需要的——你到底拿多少钱出来投资,以及你对应的那个时间期限是多长。

So I think it goes back to what you need to—what are you setting aside for investing and in terms of that kind of time horizon.

如果你确实有闲钱,其中有些钱是你想留着的,你自己也清楚,好吧,也许这就是你的应急资金。

If you really do have idle cash, some parts that you want, that you know that, okay, maybe this is your emergency fund.

接下来6个月你都不会动它,因为你在为一个近期目标存钱,或者这是你的应急备用金池,那你可以把一小部分先放在那边,让它多少转一转。

You're not going to do anything with it for the next 6 months because you're saving up for a near-term milestone or this is your rainy day kind of pool, then you can park a little bit over there just to let it sort of cycle.

但如果你是想长期增长、长期积累一些东西,那还有别的选择。

But if you're looking at growing something and building something for the long term, there are other options.
F1
F124:20

好,说到SSBs,对吧,也许我们可以稍微聊一聊债券。

Okay, and speaking of SSBs, right, like maybe we can talk a bit about bonds.

你知道,人们为什么买债券?

You know, why do people buy bonds?

因为很多人也说债券是他们投资组合的一部分,对吧?

Because lots of people say bonds are part of their portfolio as well, right?

那它到底能给人带来什么?

So like what kind of thing does it do for people?
F2
F224:31

债券,可以把它们想成贷款。

Bonds, think of them as loans.

所以债券就是,发行债券的人,基本上就是让你把钱借给他们。

So bonds is whoever is issuing you a bond, basically for you to lend your money to them.

然后,比如说,Kai Wen,你自己。

And then, for example, let's say, Kai Wen, yourself.

我开一家公司。

I start a company.

好,反过来。

Okay, the other way around.

Ken,你开一家公司。

Ken, you start a company.

Kai Wen Private Limited。

Kai Wen Private Limited.

对,Kai Wen Private Limited。

Yeah, Kai Wen Private Limited.

然后你发行债券,然后我买你的债券。

And then you issue a bond and then I buy your bond.
M1
M124:53

好。

Okay.
F2
F224:54

所以我会把钱留给你,然后隔一段时间你就给我付利息。

So I will leave money with you and then every now and then you will make the interest payments to me.

所以从某种意义上说,这就是一笔贷款。

So it's a loan in a way.

当然,债券也有不同种类。

And of course, there are different kinds of bonds.

有政府债券,也就是我们前面讲过的 SSBs。

There's the government bonds, which is what we talked about earlier on, the SSBs.

然后还有公司债券。

Then there's also corporate bonds.

公司债券也分不同等级。

Corporate bonds also got different grades.

会有高风险的、低风险的。

There'll be the high risk, lower risk.

所以也会有各种不同的债券评级。

That's why you have all the different bond ratings as well.

对。

Right.

所以当你投资一家公司、买这家公司的债券时,我觉得在真正下手之前,了解一下你买的是什么类型的债券、发行人是谁、风险水平如何,也很有用。

So when you're investing into a company, buying the company's bond, I think it's also useful to know what kind of bond you're buying into, who's the issuer, and what kind of risk level this is before you actually undertake that.
F1
F125:28

好,因为如果公司垮了,那你就全没了,对吧?

Okay, because if the company collapses, then you lose everything, right?

如果你买了那个债券的话。

If you bought that bond.
F2
F225:33

通常,就债券和股票相比,债券持有人会先得到偿付,然后是股票持有人。

Usually for bonds against equities, the bondholders will be paid out first, followed by the equity holders.
M1
M125:42

所以你们比股权持有人更有保障?

So you're more secure than the equity holders?
F2
F225:44

在某种程度上是的。

In a way.

但话又说回来,当我们深入探讨债券时,那里有很多东西需要梳理。

But then again, when we dive into bonds, there's a whole lot to unpack over there.

有担保债券和无担保债券。

There's your secured, your unsecured bonds.

种类非常非常多。

So many, many, many different kinds.

但再次回到我们之前讨论的ETF话题,我们也有固定收益ETF。

But again, coming back to the ETF topic that we talked about earlier on, we also have fixed income ETFs.

例如,我们有新加坡债券基金ETF,你可以通过它购买一篮子新加坡债券。

So for example, we have the Singapore Bond Fund ETF, where you can buy into a basket of Singapore bonds.

这些都是由政府或政府相关公司担保的。

So these are backed by your government or backed by your government-related companies.

你可以通过它接触到各种债券组合。

And you can get that kind of exposure into various pools of bonds.

或者,如果你真的很喜欢债券的结构,因为它能提供类似股息的定期利息支付,那么REITs也是一种介于股票和债券之间的投资工具。

Or if you really like the structure of a bond, given that it gives you kind of dividends, regular interest payments, REITs is also another one that is sort of in between a stock and in between a bond.
M1
M126:26

为什么?

Why.
F2
F226:27

我这么说是因为REITs(房地产投资信托基金)的性质,它们必须向单位持有人发放分配。

I say that is because the nature of REITs, real estate investment trusts, they have to issue distributions to the unitholders.

有几个原因。

There are a few reasons why.

对于REITs,这种REIT工具,有一些相关规定。

For REITs, the REIT vehicle, there are certain regulations around that.
M1
M126:43

对。

Right.
F2
F226:44

其中一项是,REIT工具实际上必须将每赚取的100美元(即从租户那里收取的租金)中的90美元或90%分配给单位持有人。

One of which is the REIT vehicle has to actually, for every $100 that you earn as a REIT, that means you collect from your tenants in terms of rental, $90 or 90% has to be distributed back to unitholders.

然后,在REIT层面,他们实际上不需要缴纳公司税。

Then the REIT, at the REIT level, they don't actually have to incur corporate tax.

所以这是政府一直比较支持这个部门的一个方面。

So this is something that the government has been relatively supportive of this sector.

我明白了。

I see.

因此,REITs是很多投资者实际上考虑过作为……一部分的领域——我的意思是,不是说他们考虑过,但很多投资者确实使用REITs。

Therefore, REITs is one segment that a lot of investors have actually considered as part of— I mean, not to say that they have considered, but a lot of investors do use REITs.

来作为他们投资组合的组成部分。

To form building blocks as part of their portfolio.

这也是投资者喜欢REITs的原因。

And that is why investors also like REITs.

因为当你购买REIT时,你不只是获得房地产投资的机会。

Because when you buy into a REIT, you don't just get that exposure into investing into real estate property.

谁不喜欢房地产呢,对吧?

Who doesn't like property, right?

你还获得定期的分配。

You also get the regular distributions.

有些REITs按季度支付,有些半年支付一次。

Some of the REITs pay quarterly, some of the REITs pay semi-annually.

比如,如果你购买一个酒店REIT,

So for instance, if you buy a hotel REIT,
M1
M127:45

好的,

Okay,
F2
F227:45

是的,然后你获得分红。

Right, and then you get your dividends.

每年你去度假,这就像——

Every year you go on holiday, it's pretty much like—.
F1
F127:50

这个已经讲到了。

Covered.
F2
F227:51

分红在帮你赚钱。

The dividends are paying for you.

被动收入,对吧?

Passive income, right?

对,被动收入,没错。

Yeah, passive income, exactly.

而且不只是这样,你还能参与到这个 REIT 本身的增长里。

And not just that, you can gain exposure to growth of that REIT also.

所以如果有资本增值,你也能拿到那部分额外的上涨收益。

So if there's capital gains, you also get that extra upside.

而且 REITs 是由 REIT 管理人来管理的。

And REITs are managed by REIT managers.

所以 REIT 管理人自己也得积极思考,对吧?

So REIT managers themselves, they also have to actively think, right?

比如,我这个购物中心可能有点旧了。

Okay, my shopping mall maybe is getting a bit old.

那就该做资产提升了,翻新商场、扩建之类的,等等。

Time to do asset enhancement initiatives, renovate the mall, extend, so on and so forth.

这样我就能有更多租户。

So that I can have more tenants.

我可以让我的商场更有吸引力一点。

I can make my malls a little bit more attractive.

然后我还可以考虑收购其他物业来扩大我的投资组合,这样它就能为我的基金单位持有人带来分红收益,我也能向他们派发更多分派。

And then I can also look at acquiring other properties to expand my portfolio so that it becomes dividend-yielding for my unitholders and I can issue more distributions to them.
M1
M128:36

我。

I.
F1
F128:36

我觉得这特别有意思,因为我觉得年轻投资者或者年轻人总是在谈股票,因为他们想要回报。

Just find it very interesting because I feel like young investors or younger people, they're always talking about stocks because they want returns.

但像我们父母那样的年长投资者,我感觉他们对 REITs 非常感兴趣。

But older investors like our parents, I feel, they are very interested in REITs.

年长投资者很喜欢分红,对吧?

The older investors love the dividends, right?

他们把它叫作被动收入。

They call it passive income.

那么,追求回报的思路和追求分红的思路,区别到底是什么?

So what is the difference between the returns approach and the dividends approach?

还是说,你也可以两者都要?

Or can you also just have both?
F2
F228:58

可以。

You can.

你当然可以两者都要。

You can certainly have both.

新加坡市场,我们以分红型市场著称。

Singapore market, we are known as a dividend play.

Straits Times Index 大概在 3% 到 4%。

Straits Times Index, about 3% to 4%.

我们的银行股是多少呢?

Our bank stocks are what?

5% 以上。

5% plus.

我们的 REITs 收益率大概在 6% 到 7%。

Our REITs yield at about 6% to 7%.

所以作为一个分红市场,我们还是相当强的。

So we're quite strong as a dividend market.

相比之下,如果你看其他市场,比如美国,股息率一般会低一些,大概接近 2% 上下,差不多在那个范围。

Comparatively, if you look at maybe other markets, US for instance, the dividend yield generally is a bit lower, closer to maybe 2% plus-minus, around thereabouts.
M1
M129:28

对。

Right.
F2
F229:29

是啊。

Yeah.

老一辈的人,可能喜欢股息,因为那能形成被动收入。

Older generation, maybe they like the dividends because it forms passive income.

但其实,现在你跟年轻投资者聊,会越来越发现他们也喜欢股息。为什么呢?

But actually increasingly when you talk to young investors, they also like dividends. And why?

为什么呢?

Why?

你不喜欢股息吗?

You don't like dividends?

我很喜欢股息。

I love dividends.
F1
F129:40

嗯,我觉得是因为年轻投资者非常关注股价增长,对吧?

Yeah, I think because young investors are very focused on share price growth, right?

他们看的就是这个,因为他们喜欢这样。

That's what they look at because they like it.
M1
M129:45

是啊。

Yeah.

天哪,全都是涨的,然后一下子涨个50%、60%。

Oh my God, it's all in the green and then it's going up like 50%, 60%.
F2
F229:48

但你喜欢它下跌的那一面吗?

But you like the downside of it or not?
M1
M129:50

不不,我讨厌。

No lah, I hate it.
F2
F229:51

今天涨10%,明天跌10%。

One day it's up 10%, next day it's down 10%.
M1
M129:54

是啊,确实如此。

Yeah, that's true.
F2
F229:55

其实股息有什么不好呢?

And actually dividend, what's wrong with dividend?

股息也很好啊。

Dividend also good.

你知道为什么吗?

You know why?

你可以把股息再投资。

You get to reinvest your dividends.
M1
M129:59

是啊,确实是这样。

Yeah, that's very true.
F2
F230:00

所以某种程度上,那也是增长。

Yeah, so in a way that's also growth.

这就是为什么我们看股票、看股息股票的时候,

That's why when we look at stocks and when we look at dividend stocks.

我们会从总回报的角度来看。

We look at it from a total return standpoint.

因为你能拿到资本增值,也能拿到股票回报。

Because you get your capital gains and you get your stock returns.

而且保持纪律也很重要。

And it is also important to be disciplined.

也就是说,纪律并不是说你每个月都必须拿出X块钱存起来。

That means discipline does not mean to say that every month you have to set aside X dollars.

但如果你收到股息,为什么不再把股息投回去呢?

But if you receive your dividends, why not reinvest your dividends also?

然后让你的股息为你工作,这样它就会复利增长。

And then make your dividends work for you and then it sort of compounds.
F1
F130:27

是啊,因为如果你现在不需要它来做被动收入,比如说,因为你还在工作,对吧?

Yeah, because if you don't need it right now for passive income, for example, because you are still working, right?

而且你已经有工资了,那你就可以把它再投回去。

And you already have a salary, then you can just put it back in.

这是个好主意。

That's a good idea.
M1
M130:35

不过我对 REITs 有个问题。

I have a question about REITs though.

比如说股票,我觉得对年轻投资者来说,哪些品牌或者哪些公司更有名、他们更熟悉,这一点很明显。

For example, for stocks, I think for younger investors, it's very obvious as to which brands or which companies are more well-known and then they're more familiar also.

比如你说过,如果你对某个东西更熟悉,那你大概率会更信任它。

For example, you said if you're more familiar with something, chances are you will trust the thing more.

但说到 REITs,我个人觉得,房地产这块我其实没怎么接触过,也不太懂。

For REITs, I think for me personally, real estate, I don't really have a hand in it and I don't really understand it also.

所以如果我想买 REIT,需要把哪些因素考虑进去?

So what factors do I need to take into consideration when thinking of buying a REIT?

如果我完全不懂 REIT 的话?

REIT if I don't know anything at all?
F2
F231:02

当然。

Certainly.

有几个因素。

A few factors.

一个是,就像我们讲 ETF 时会问,ETF 的发行方或者提供方是谁?

One is, much like when we talk about ETF, who is the ETF issuer or ETF provider?

REIT 也是一样。

Same thing.

这只 REIT 背后的 sponsor 是谁?

Who is the sponsor behind that particular REIT?

过往业绩看起来怎么样?

What is the track record looking like?

这是一个。

That would be one.

另一个也很重要的是,要看这只 REIT 的 portfolio。

The other one that's important to also take note is the REIT, the portfolio.

他们的 portfolio 是什么样的?

What kind of portfolio do they have?

是纯粹新加坡的 portfolio 资产吗?

Is it a pure Singapore portfolio asset?

还是新加坡加海外,或者纯海外?

Or is it Singapore plus overseas or pure overseas?
M1
M131:29

也可能是混合的。

Or it could be mixed.
F2
F231:30

也可能是混合的。

Could be mixed also.

其实我们今天有 40 只 REITs,对吧?

In fact, we have 40 REITs today, right?

在这 40 只 REITs 里,我觉得只有两三只是 pure-play 新加坡 REITs。

And of our 40 REITs, I think we only have 2 or 3 pure-play Singapore REITs.

其余其实都是分散化的。

The rest are actually diversified.

所以我们的组合里有新加坡加海外,或者完全海外的 portfolio。

So we have a mix of your Singapore plus overseas or totally overseas portfolio.

而且不只是地域。

And it's not just the geography.

另一个是板块。

The other one is the segment also.

当年我们在 2002、2003 年启动 REIT 市场时,REIT 市场早期,新加坡刚开始有 REITs 的时候,很多都非常聚焦本地,集中在传统板块。

When we started the REIT market back then in 2002, 2003, the earlier part of the REIT market, when Singapore started to have REITs, is very much domestic-focused in the traditional sectors.

传统板块指的是工业地产、办公楼,可能还有酒店、购物中心。

Traditional sectors means your industrials, your office buildings, maybe you have hotels, shopping malls.

但现在越来越多不同的 REITs 开始涉足新经济资产类别。

But increasingly now, we have different REITs that gain exposure into new economy asset classes.

学生住宿、工人住宿。

Student accommodation, worker accommodations.
M1
M132:16

住宿?

Accommodations?
F2
F232:16

数据中心 REITs。

Data centre REITs.
F1
F132:17

对,数据中心 REITs 现在挺热的。

Yeah, data centre REITs are quite hot.
F2
F232:19

都是围绕 AI 这个主题。

All about the AI theme.

你也可以通过数据中心 REITs 来获得这方面的投资敞口。

You can also gain exposure through data centre REITs.

养老院。

Nursing homes.

所以你可以接触到的底层物业类型有很多种。

So there are many different types of underlying property that you can gain exposure to.

你指的是什么?

What do you mean?

你看 REIT 的时候,当然可以从不同角度去看——比如看它的发起人是谁,底层资产是哪些类型。

When you look at REIT, of course you can look at it from different— some of these, who the sponsor is, what kind of underlying assets they are.

当然你也会想看一些指标。

Of course you want to take a look at some of the metrics.

比如说市净率,price-to-book。

For example, price-to-book.

它到底贵不贵,或者有没有可能被低估。

How expensive it is, how undervalued it is potentially.

然后大家看 REITs 时还总会看另一个指标,就是分派收益率,distribution yield。

And then the other one that people always look at for REITs is the distribution yield.
F1
F132:53

好,那这是什么?

Okay, yeah, what's that?
F2
F232:54

就是他们多久派一次股息。

How often they pay dividends.

分派收益率本质上就是股息收益率。

The distribution yield essentially is the dividend yield.

所以对这只特定的 REIT 来说,它的股息收益率大概是什么水平?

So what is the dividend yield looking like for this particular REIT?

他们多久派一次?

How often do they pay?

是按半年一次,还是每半年一次?

Semi-annual basis or half a year basis?

另外,你可能还想看看这只 REIT 采取了哪些举措,来为股东带来增长。

And also you might want to take a look at the REIT on what kind of initiatives the REIT has also undertaken to deliver growth for shareholders.

就像我之前提到的,对吧,你的资产提升计划,也就是翻新改造。REIT 经理会主动想办法让这个资产更有吸引力,这样才能吸引不同类型的租户;或者,你知道,在同样的空间里,他们可以利用一些没被充分利用的空间,把它改成店铺,这样就能把购物中心租出去。

So like what I mentioned earlier on, right, your asset enhancement initiatives, those are your renovations where the REIT manager will actively try to make the asset a bit more attractive so that they can appeal to a different group of tenants, or they can have, you know, the same space, they get to utilise some of the unutilised space to convert that into shops so that they can lease out shopping malls.

哦,他们可以把商场扩建。

Oh, they can extend the mall.

对。

Correct.

比如说 VivoCity,我记得是 Basement 2,他们最近做了一些翻新。

Like VivoCity, for instance, I think Basement 2, they recently did some renovations.

我去的时候还挺惊讶的,因为我当时想,哦对,这里以前是停车场区域;而且我觉得他们把一些没充分利用的空间扩展出来了,这样就有更多店铺,也能有更多租户,引进新品牌。

I was quite shocked when I went there because I was like, oh yeah, this used to be the carpark area, and I think they extended some of the unutilised space, they have extended that so that you have more shops and then you can have more tenants, bring in new brands.

所以这些都是 REIT 经理在做的事情。

So these are things that the REIT managers are doing.

也许还有资本循环,capital recycling。

And maybe capital recycling also.

他们可能会出售一些资产,然后再收购一些其他资产,这样能让这只 REIT 更跟得上时代,也对投资者更有吸引力。

Some of the assets they may divest, then they may acquire some of the other assets as well so that it makes the REIT a little bit more up to date, a bit more attractive for investors also.

所以看 REITs 的时候,有很多东西可以看。

So there are lots that you can look at for REITs.

而且 REITs 也是一种受监管的资产类别。

And REITs also, it's a regulated asset class.

比如说,我们用在 REITs 上的一个术语叫杠杆率,gearing ratio。

So for instance, this term that we use for REITs is called the gearing ratio.

杠杆率就是指一个 REIT 能承担多少债务。

The gearing ratio is how much a REIT can take on debt.
M1
M134:26

好的。

Okay.
F2
F234:26

就是你能承担多少债务。

So how much debt you can take on.

杠杆率上限设在 50% 的原因,某种程度上是为了保护股东。

The reason why there's a gearing ratio limit at 50%, this is in a way to protect shareholders.

所以平均来看,我们的 REIT 都远低于这个杠杆上限。

So on average, our REITs are well below this gearing limit.

S-REIT 的平均杠杆率大概在 40% 左右。

On average, the S-REIT's gearing ratio is about 40%.

它能达到的最高上限是 50%。

The maximum ceiling that it can go to is 50%.
M1
M134:43

所以风险是有上限的。

So it's capped on the risk.
F2
F234:44

从某种意义上说,风险是有上限的,就是这些人能承担的债务总额。

That's capped on the risk in a way, the amount of debt these guys can undertake.
M1
M134:49

明白了。

I see.
F1
F134:50

哇,好吧。

Wow, okay.

所以听起来,其实投资者有很多选择。

So it sounds like there are lots of options for investors actually.

而且对他们来说也不难找,因为他们直接上网就行,你知道,现在网上有那么多不同的渠道,让他们甚至能买入本地股市,对吧?

And it's not hard for them to find because they can just go to like, you know, I mean, now there's online and there are so many different ways that they can buy into like even the local stock market, right?

比如说,我今年 25 岁,就像你说的,我只有 1 万块,对吧?

So for example, let's say, you know, like I'm 25, and I only have, like you said, the $10K, right?

然后我想构建一个投资组合。

And I want to build a portfolio.

我该怎么做呢?

How am I going to do it?

因为就像我们刚才说的,你不能就把这 1 万块全投进 S&P 500 ETF,然后就说,好了,我搞定了。

Because like we were saying, you cannot just put the $10K into S&P 500 ETF and then call it a day and say, okay, I'm done.

我已经做得很棒了,对吧?

I have done so well for myself, right?

你实际上需要去探索不同的资产类别,做不同的配置。

You need to actually explore different asset classes and have different allocations.

所以如果我想构建这样一个投资组合,你的建议是什么?

So what would your advice be if I want to build that portfolio?
F2
F235:27

对于大概这种画像的人,我的建议是,首先,在你把钱留出来投入股市或投资之前。

My advice for someone that is around that kind of profile would be, first and foremost, before you set aside money that you put into the stock market, or you invest.

第一,你每个月有多少钱?

One is, how much do you have every month?

然后你自己的开销又要用掉多少?

How much do you then utilise in terms of your own expenses?

所以先从预算的角度搞清楚,你能存下多少,再减去所有开销之类的,你真正能留出来的到底有多少?

So just getting to know from a budgeting standpoint, how much you save and then minus all your expenses and all that, how much can you really set aside?

因为说实话,如果你刚起步——你刚进入职场、事业才刚开始,我们当中有多少人真的有足够的钱能留出来开始投资呢?

Because honestly, if you are starting out from your— when you just started out work early on in your career, how many of us have enough money to really set aside to start investing?
F1
F136:04

是啊,所以这才难。

Yeah, that's why it's hard.
F2
F236:05

对,所以没多少。

Yeah, so not much.

所以也很重要的一点是,你不能起薪就这么点,然后开销其实那么多,而你可能没意识到,还以为,哦,大家都会投个几千块什么的。

So it's also important to know that you cannot start off with a salary of this much and then your expenses are actually this much and you may not realise and you're like, oh, everyone's going to put in, you know, a few thousand dollars and all that.

那你自己又怎么活呢?

Then how are you going to survive as well?

所以你需要按每个月来搞清楚,你的预算是怎样的。

So you need to know on a monthly basis what is your budgeting looking like.

然后你会意识到,好,你可以预留这么多来储蓄。

And then you realise that, okay, you can set aside this much to save.

在确定你能储蓄多少之后,其中一部分你可能想真正用于储蓄。

Setting aside how much you can save, part of it you may want to put it into really saving mode.

所以储蓄模式,可以把钱放在银行里,然后你还可以把它转入国库券。

So saving mode, it can be in your bank and then you can roll that into a T-bill.

因为这有点像我们之前说的,对吧?

Because it's a little bit more like what we said, right?

闲置现金。

Idle cash.

把闲置现金放进国库券,这样可以让它滚动起来。

Put that into T-bill so that you can roll it.

另一种是,你可能想要一个投资类的账户。

Then the other one is you may want to have an investment kind of account.

然后这时候你就可以开始考虑像Regular Shares Savings Plan这样的东西,只需100新元,你就可以把这笔钱放在一边,视为储蓄,但这些储蓄将用于投资不同的产品。

And then that is when you can start looking at things like Regular Shares Savings Plan, where as low as $100, you can park that aside, consider it as savings, but the savings will then go into investing into different products.

对于年轻投资者,这是第一步。

For a young investor, that's the first step.

你需要知道实际上你能留出多少钱,以及能投入多少钱到投资中。

You need to know how much you can actually put aside and how much you can put into investing.

然后接下来也要了解你的风险偏好。

Then later on is to also understand your risk appetite.

有些投资者可能会承担高风险。

Some investors may take on a higher risk.

有些投资者则比较保守。

Some investors, they're a little bit more conservative.

各种情况都有。

There's a mix.

但话说回来,对于年轻投资者,你的时间跨度要长得多。

But again, for young investors, your time horizon is a lot longer.

所以你可以承受更高比例的股票投资。

So you can afford to take on a higher percentage on equity.

而不是更高比例的债券。

Rather than higher percentage on bonds.

为什么呢?

Because why?

时间跨度更长,对吧?

Longer horizon, right?

你有20年、30年的时间,因为有这么长的时间跨度,你可以安然度过一些市场波动。

You got your 20, 30-year and because of that long horizon, you can ride out some of the market fluctuations.

然后接下来就是你真正要开始关注什么?

Then it goes down into what are you really going to start looking at?

我认为ETF是个好选择,因为它能给投资者信心。

I think ETFs are a good one because it gives the investor confidence.

当你买了一些简单的ETF,你就能开始跟踪市场动向,了解你所投资的公司和市场。

When you buy some simple ETFs, you start to be able to track market movements, get to know the companies, the markets that you are investing in.

随着时间的推移,随着你信心增强,你可能会想开始涉足具体的股票。

Then over time, you may want to, as you gain confidence, you can start going into specific stocks.

然后你可能会关注股票,也可能会考虑投资一些REITs。

Then you may look at stocks, you may look at investing into certain REITs.
F1
F138:08

好的,所以我觉得,Amelia,我们讲了很多不同的资产类别,对吧?

Okay, so I think, Amelia, I mean, we have gone through so many different asset classes, right?

所以知道对于任何想开始投资的人来说,有这么多选择,这是很好的。

So it's just good to know that for anybody who wants to start investing, there are so many options out there.

就像你说的,现在它们都负担得起,容易上手。

And like you said, now they are affordable, they're accessible.

你完全没必要一下子就投入1万块。

You don't have to be putting in like $10K all at once anyway.

你每个月只需从100块开始,就能接触到很多有趣的选择,而且这些选择还与你的喜好相符,对吧?

You can just start with $100 a month and you can already access like quite a lot of interesting options that also speak to you, right?

拿我个人来说吧。

Like personally.
M1
M138:30

对。

Yeah.

而且我觉得Amelia刚才说到的多元化也很重要,就是不要只买股票,你知道吗,什么都买一点,确保各方面都覆盖到。

And I think what Amelia said also about diversification, like don't just buy stocks, you know, like buy a little bit of everything to make sure that your bases are covered.

而且对于年轻人来说,时间跨度也很重要,对吧?

And also like time horizon is a thing for young people, right?

你提到过,在市场上的时间比选择时机更重要。

You mentioned time in the market is better than timing the market.

对。

Yeah.
F1
F138:43

20年后你就能有70万了。

In 20 years you can have $700K.
F2
F238:47

但最重要的是要有纪律。

But most importantly also is to have the discipline.

对。

Yeah.

因为我们经常都知道,哦,我们必须做,必须做。

Because very often we always know like, oh, we have to do it, we have to do it.

但我们真的做了吗?

But do we actually do it?
M1
M138:53

确实。

That's true.

过一段时间,就会说,是啊,但太忙了。

After a while, like, yeah, but very busy.
F2
F238:56

对,我需要投钱,但这个月手头很紧。

Yeah, I need to fund, but I'm very broke this month.
M1
M138:58

比如,让投资自动化,对吧?

For example, automate like investments, right?
F2
F239:01

RSP?

RSPs?
M1
M139:02

对。

Yes.
F2
F239:02

RSP,你可以去开一个账户。

RSPs, you can start setting up an account.

每个月你说,好,我会拨出100块。

Every month you say that, okay, I will allocate $100.

你也可以随着时间逐渐加码,但它会强迫你留出一定的钱,然后拿去做投资。

You can also start growing that over time, but it forces you to put aside certain things, certain portions, and then that goes into investing.
M1
M139:14

把情绪和精力都省下来。

Taking the emotions out of it and the energy out.
F2
F239:16

对。

Yes.
F1
F139:16

嗯。

Yeah.
F2
F239:17

所以纪律很重要,但还有一点就是真的要行动起来。

So discipline is important, but also maybe one other note is really to take that action.

对,因为很多时候,就比如,好吧,你懂,你懂,但你真的去做了吗,对吧?

Yeah, because a lot of times, like, okay, you know, you know, you know, but do you really take the action, right?
M1
M139:28

下次吧,下次吧。

Next time, next time.
F2
F239:29

对,下次,对吧?

Yeah, next time, right?
F1
F139:30

就好像,是啊,你永远都不想开始。

It's like, yeah, you never want to start.
M1
M139:31

10年后,你就错过了这个周期。

10 Years later, then you miss out on the cycle.
F1
F139:33

等着市场崩盘,然后我再进去。

Waiting for the market to crash, then I'll go in.
F2
F239:35

对。

Yeah.

所以永远都是——永远都不会有一个所谓的好时机。

So there's always—there will never be a good time.

对。

Yeah.

所以你就得先开始。

So you just gotta start.

而且现在外面也有非常多的资源可以用。

And also, there are a lot of resources out there available.

但我一直跟大家说的是,要行动起来,因为你得开始练习。

But what I always tell people would be, take action because you need to start practicing.

就像你学做蛋糕一样,你不能只是一直看YouTube视频、看TikTok上别人做蛋糕的视频,然后说,哦对对对,看起来好简单啊。

It's like when you're learning how to make a cake, you can't just be watching YouTube videos and TikTok videos of, like, someone baking a cake and then, oh yeah, yeah, it looks very easy.
M1
M139:55

但你根本没试过。

But you haven't tried.
F1
F139:56

对,说得没错。

Yeah, that's true.

所以我觉得这特别有帮助。

So I think that's super helpful.

那这一集《Head Start on Record》就到这里了。

So that's a wrap for this episode of Head Start on Record.

谢谢你,Amelia。

Thank you, Amelia.
M1
M140:01

谢谢你,Amelia。

Thank you, Amelia.
F2
F240:02

很开心能来。

It's been a pleasure.

谢谢大家。

Thanks, guys.
F1
F140:03

再次介绍一下,我是Sue-Ann。

Once again, I'm Sue-Ann.
M1
M140:04

我是Kai Wen。

And I'm Kai Wen.
F1
F140:05

如果你想读我的文章,或者ST的Head Start简报,链接都在我们播客的节目笔记里。

If you'd like to read my articles or ST's Head Start newsletter, all these links are in our podcast show notes.
M1
M140:10

这集播客由Amirul Karim混音和剪辑。

This podcast episode is mixed and edited by Amirul Karim.

感谢收听。

Thanks for listening.

拜拜!

Bye!