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1998年股东大会 · 看巴菲特芒格如何diss有效市场假说理论

34 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:08
M1
M10:00

大家早上好。

Good morning.

我叫 Joe Lacy。

My name is Joe Lacy.

我来自 Texas 的 Austin。

I'm from Austin, Texas.

在这个时代,高校里金融系都把你们称作一种 anomaly,而且他们宣讲 efficient markets hypothesis,说你不可能跑赢市场。那一个人要去哪里,才能像你当年找到 Ben Graham 那样,找到一位导师,能向他请教 value investing 的问题呢?

In this era when the financial departments of the institutions of higher learning are referring to you as an anomaly and they preach the efficient markets hypothesis, saying that you can't outperform the market, where does one go to find a mentor like you found in Ben Graham, someone you can ask questions to regarding value investing?
M2
M20:27

据我了解,University of Florida 已经开了几门这样的课程,实际上是 Mason Hawkins 给了他们一大笔钱来资助这些课程。我相信他们在那里教的东西,并不只是 efficient markets。

My understanding is that the University of Florida has instituted a couple of courses that actually Mason Hawkins gave them a significant amount of money to finance, and I believe they're teaching something other than efficient markets there.

我知道 Columbia 也有一门非常好的课程,经常会请很多客座老师过去。

There's a very good course at Columbia, I know, that gets a lot of visiting teachers to come.

请老师进去讲课。

Teachers to come in.

我也会偶尔过去教一教,而且还有不少实务界的人士也会去。

I go in there and teach occasionally, and, but a number of practitioners.

我觉得 efficient market theory 现在已经不像十五二十年前那样,被当成绝对真理了。我会建议你去了解一下这两所学校。

I think the efficient market theory is less wholly writ now than it was 15 or 20 years ago, and recommend, you know, looking into those 2 schools.

你知道,这其实特别有用。就像如果你做的是 merchant shipping 生意。

You know, it's really quite useful if you had a merchant shipping business.

如果你所有的竞争对手都相信地球是平的,那你就占了天大的便宜,因为他们就不会去接任何货,不会把货运到那些在他们看来,再往前走就会掉下去的地方。

If all of your competitors believe the world is flat, you know, that is— it is a huge edge because they will not take any, uh, they will not take on any, any, any cargo to, uh, to go to places that are beyond where they think they will fall off.

所以说,我们其实应该鼓励大学继续教授 efficient market theories。

And so we should be encouraging the teaching of efficient market theories in universities.

这点真的让我很惊讶。

And, uh, it amazes me.

不过事情是这样的:你花了好多年拿 finance 的 PhD,学了一堆带很多数学的理论,普通人根本搞不来。然后你就有点像个大祭司一样,把大量的自我认同、ego,甚至职业上的安全感,都押在这些理念上了。到了某个阶段之后,你就会非常难再退回来。

But what it— you know, it— what happens is that you spend years getting your PhD in finance and you learn theories with a lot of mathematics in them that the average layman can't, can't do, and you become sort of a high priest, and you get an enormous amount of yourself and ego and even professional security invested in those ideas, and it gets very hard to back off after a, after a given point.

我觉得这在某种程度上,已经污染了大学里对投资的教学。

And I think that to some extent has contaminated the teaching of investing in the universities.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:16

嗯,我会说,这种污染是非常严重的。

Well, I would argue that the contamination was massive.

不过正在减弱。

But it's waning.
M2
M22:24

对,确实在减弱。

Yeah, it is waning.
M3
M32:25

是在减弱。

It's waning.

好的想法最终总会胜出。

The good ideas eventually triumph.
M2
M22:30

对。

Yeah.

还有那个 anomaly 这个词,我一直觉得很有意思。因为说到底,过一阵子看,Columbus 当年也算是个 anomaly。可他们这个词真正的意思,其实就是:学术界的人解释不了的东西。于是他们不是重新审视自己的理论,而是干脆把这类证据统统归为 anomalous。

And the word anomaly, I've always found interesting on that because it, you know, after a while I mean, Columbus was an anomaly, but they— what it means is something that the academicians could not explain, and rather than reexamine their theories, they simply discarded any evidence of that sort as anomalous.

我觉得,当你发现有信息跟自己之前深信不疑的观念相矛盾时,你其实有一种特别的义务,必须去看它,而且要尽快去看。

And I think when you find information that contradicts previously cherished beliefs, that you've got a special obligation to look at it and look at it quickly.

我记得 Charlie 跟我说过,Darwin 有一个做法,就是每当他发现任何与自己先前信念相矛盾的东西,他都知道自己几乎要立刻把它记下来。因为他觉得,人类的大脑天生就会排斥相反的证据;如果不赶紧白纸黑字记下来,他的脑子就会直接把它从意识里推掉,当它不存在。

I think Charlie told me that one of the things Darwin did was that whenever he found out anything that contradicted some previous belief, he knew that he had to write it down almost immediately because he felt that the human mind was conditioned, so conditioned to reject contradictory evidence, that unless he got it down in black and white very quickly, his mind would simply push it out of existence.

Charlie 对 Darwin 比我懂得多。

Charlie knows more about Darwin than I do.

也许他可以解释一下。

Maybe he can explain that.
M3
M33:30

这个嘛,Darwin 我就不敢说了,不过我倒是觉得一件事挺好笑的。

Well, well, I don't know about Darwin, but I did find it amusing.

有一位这种极端的 efficient market theorist,多年来一直把 Warren 解释成一种靠运气出现的 anomaly,而且他说那已经到了六个 sigma,也就是六个标准差的运气。

One of these extreme efficient market theorists explained Warren for many, many years as an anomaly of luck, and he got to 6 sigmas, 6 standard deviations of luck.

后来大家就开始笑他了,因为六个 sigma 的运气,可真不是一般的大。

And then people started laughing at him because 6 sigmas of luck is a lot.

所以他改了自己的理论。

So he changed his theory.
M2
M23:57

你看,其实我倒宁愿要那六个 sigma 的运气。

Now, see, I'd rather have the six sigmas of luck, actually.
M3
M34:00

他唯一舍不得放掉的,就是他那六个 sigma。

The one thing he couldn't bear to leave was his six sigmas.
M2
M24:07

我们来试试第三种说法。

Let's try zone three.