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2006年股东大会 · 巴菲特与芒格如果重新开始,他们会怎么做?

44 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:04
M1
M10:00

我叫 Simon Denison-Smith,来自英国。

My name's Simon Denison-Smith from the UK.

我的问题是:如果你们今天重新开始,手上有一百万美元,并且目标是在四十年里把企业价值做到年均百分之二十的增长,那么在最开始的五年里,你们会考虑做什么类型的投资,会采用什么样的投资策略?

My question is this: if you were starting out today with $1 million with a vision of building a business with 20% average growth in value over 40 years, what type of investments and investment strategy would you look to make in the first 5 years?
M2
M20:24

嗯,挺有意思的是,我们第一个 partnership 是五十年前成立的,就在——两天前,也就是星期四,一九五六年五月四号,当时的资金是一十万五千美元。

Well, somewhat interestingly, we formed the first partnership 50 years ago, last— 2 days ago, Thursday, May 4th, 1956, which was $105,000.

那是我妹妹在鼓掌。

That's my sister clapping.

她当时也在那个 partnership 里。

She was in the partnership.

这个,呃,如果 Charlie 和我现在要从头再来,而且处在这种情况下——Charlie 会说我们不该干这个——但如果我们真的向 Satan 屈服,又去做同样这类事情的话,我想我们做的东西会非常相似。

The, uh, we would— Charlie and I were starting all over again and we were in this— Charlie would say we shouldn't be doing this, but if we were to succumb to Satan and engage in the same kind of activity, we would, I think, be doing something very similarly.

如果我们是在投资 securities,我们会放眼全世界去找,我们会看 Korea。

If we were investing in securities, we would look around the world and we would look at Korea.

Charlie 说你未必要找出二十个,但你其实也不需要找到二十个。

And Charlie says you can't find 20 of them, but you don't have to find 20 of them.

你只需要找到——

You only have to find—.
M3
M31:18

五个。

5.
M2
M21:18

其实,你真的只需要找到一个。

You only have to find one, really.

在这个行业里,你不需要有一大堆好点子。

You do not have to have tons of good ideas in this business.

你只需要偶尔有一个特别值钱的好点子就行了。

You just have to have a good idea that's worth a ton occasionally.

如果是在 securities 上投资,我们会做同样的事情,这大概率就意味着去看更小的股票。

And in securities, we would, we would be doing the same thing, which would probably mean smaller stocks.

这会意味着更小的股票,因为我们能找到一些东西,它们对一个小规模的投资组合会有影响,但对 Berkshire 这么大体量的投资组合就完全没影响。

It would mean smaller stocks because we would find things that could have an impact on a small portfolio that will have no impact on a portfolio the size of Berkshire.

如果我们是想买企业,那就会很难。

If we were trying to buy businesses, we'd have a tough time.

我们不会有任何 reputation,所以别人也不会主动来找我们。

We would have no reputation, so people would not be coming to us.

如果你说的是一百万美元,那我们的体量又太小了。

We'd be too small a player if you're talking about $1 million.

所以我觉得,拿着这么小的金额去买企业,我们不会有太大的成功。

So we would not have much success, I don't think, with small amounts buying businesses.

Charlie 一开始做的是 real estate development,你知道,因为那个需要的资本非常非常少,而且你可以把脑力和精力放大——呃,呃,或者我该说,是脑力和精力能够把少量资本以非常巨大的方式放大。

Charlie started out, you know, in real estate development because it took very, very little capital, and you could magnify brainpower and energy— uh, uh, or I should say brainpower and energy could magnify small amounts of capital in a huge way.

这一点在 securities 上并不成立。

That was not true in securities.

嗯,你知道,我天生更倾向于看 securities,然后就是随着时间一步一步地做下去。

Um, you know, my natural inclination was to look at securities and, and just kind of do it one foot in front of the other over time.

呃,但基本原则不会有什么不同。

Uh, but the basic principles wouldn't be different.

呃,你知道,我想如果我是在几年前用一小笔钱管理一个 partnership,我大概会百分之百投在 Korea。

Uh, you know, I think if I'd been running a partnership a couple of years ago with a small amount of money, I think I'd have probably been 100% in Korea.

而且,你知道,我会到处去找那种被严重错误定价、同时又是我能看懂的东西。

And, you know, I would be looking around for something that was very mispriced and which— and that I understood.

而这种机会时不时就会出现。

And every now and then that's going to happen.
M3
M33:00

Charlie?

Charlie?

嗯,我同意这个说法。

Well, I agree with that.

你以为自己很可能只要找到一个东西,它每年就能给你带来百分之二十的回报,然后接下来四十年你就坐在那里不动了,这种想法往往有点像做梦。

The concept that you're likely to find just one thing where it'll make 20% per annum and you just sit back for the next 40 years, that tends to be dreamland.

而在现实世界里,你得找到一个你能理解的、并且在你手头可选范围内最好的东西。

And in the real world, you, you have to find something that you can understand that's the best you have available.

然后,呃,一旦你找到了最好的那个东西,你就拿它来衡量其他一切,因为它就是你的机会成本。

And, uh, and once you've found the best thing, then you measure everything against that because it's your opportunity cost.

小金额的资金就应该这么投资。

That's the way small sums of money should be invested.

当然,诀窍在于你得有足够的专业能力,让你的机会成本——也就是你的默认选项——本身就已经相当不错,而且非常高。

And the trick, of course, is getting enough expertise that your opportunity cost, meaning your default option, which is still pretty good, is very high.

所以,从最基本的算术逻辑来看,这个游戏其实一点都没变。

And so the game hasn't changed at all in terms of its basic arithmetic.

这也就是为什么 modern portfolio theory 那么愚蠢。

That's why modern portfolio theory is so asinine.
M2
M24:07

确实是这样,各位。

It really is, folks.
M3
M34:08

对,Warren 说他会把资金全押在一个国家上,这说法其实已经相当接近正确了。

Yeah, when Warren said he would have been all in one country, that's pretty close to right.

不过他在做 partnership 的时候,倒也不会真的这么干,但如果你听 modern portfolio theory 那一套,他的集中度肯定会比传统做法高得多。

He wouldn't have quite done that when he had the partnership, but he would've been way more concentrated than is conventional if you listen to modern portfolio theory.

大多数人不可能找到成千上万个同样好的东西。

Most people aren't gonna find thousands of things that are equally good.

他们通常只会找到少数几个,其中一两个会比他们知道的其他任何东西都好得多。

They're gonna find a few things where one or two of them are way better than anything else they know.

所以,正确的投资思路,就是按照你最好的机会成本来行动、来思考。

And, uh, the right way to think about investing is to act thinking about your best opportunity cost.

这其实就是各地经济学入门课、基础教材里都会讲的内容。

A freshman course in economics everywhere in the basic textbook.

只是它一直——一直都没真正进入 modern portfolio theory。

It just had—it hasn't made its way into modern portfolio theory.
M2
M25:02

我们倒是不会被人请去做书评。

We don't get asked to do book reviews.