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2007年股东大会 · 巴菲特:如果我是散户,我会选择怎样的基金经理

48 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:38
F1
F10:01

Buffett 先生和 Munger 先生,感谢你们举办这场这么精彩的会议。

Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger, thanks for hosting this wonderful meeting.

我叫 Chander Chawla,我是从 Washington 州的 Seattle 过来的。

My name is Chander Chawla, and I'm visiting from Seattle, Washington.

我觉得 Berkshire Hathaway 也可以为减少全球变暖出一份力——如果明年的股东大会,Gates 先生和我坐同一架飞机来的话。

And I think Berkshire Hathaway can contribute to the reduction of global warming if for next year's shareholder meeting, Mr. Gates and I fly on the same plane.

我的问题是,我在做生意时因为相信了不该相信的人,犯过几次错误。

My question is, I have made a few mistakes in business by trusting the wrong people.

所以——我也不知道该去哪里学,怎么去相信对的人。

So in— and I don't know where to learn how to trust the right people.

商学院不教这个,而在公司世界里那些本来应该教你的人,有时候反而会背叛你。

They don't teach you that in business school, and the people who are supposed to teach you in the corporate world sometimes betray you.

所以我怎么才能学会,哪些人值得信任,哪些人不值得信任呢?

So how can I learn who to trust and who not to trust?
M1
M10:59

这是个很好的问题,不过你大概也只能从我这里得到一个差不多还行的答案,就像你明年想坐上 Bill Gates 的飞机一样,机会差不多。

It's a great question, but you probably have about as good a chance of getting a good answer from me on that as you have of getting on Bill Gates' plane next year.

不过我经常收到来信,也常听到一些人在金融交易里被人占便宜的事。

But I get letters all the time, and I hear from people who have been taken advantage of in financial transactions.

而且你知道,这确实——确实让人挺难过的。

And, you know, it really is— it's sad.

而且很多时候甚至都——呃,甚至都谈不上是诈骗之类的。

And a lot of it isn't even, uh, it's not fraud or anything.

一方面,我是说,光是里面牵涉的各种收费、摩擦成本,还有那些被包装出来的胡扯东西,就已经很难应付了。

For one thing, I mean, just the charges involved, the frictional costs, and the baloney that is presented, uh, is tough.

Charlie 和我在收购企业、以及把信任交给别人这件事上,运气一直非常好,整体来说结果压倒性地好。

Charlie and I have had very good luck in terms of buying businesses and putting our trust in people, uh, it's been just overwhelmingly good.

不过我们也会先筛掉很多人,然后别人就会问,怎么——那你们到底是怎么把这些人筛掉的?

But we filter out a lot of people, and then they say, how— well, how do you filter them out?

呃,我会说,而且我想 Charlie 也会同意,人其实经常会自己把自己暴露出来。

Uh, I would say, and I think Charlie will agree with this, people give themselves away fairly often.

也许像我们这样活得够久、见得够多,确实会有帮助,因为你能看出他们会用各种不同的方式把自己暴露出来。

And maybe it does help to have been around as long as we have in seeing the various ways they give themselves away.
F1
F12:11

呃,他们——

Uh, they—.
M1
M12:14

当有人拿着一个生意来找我时——我可能不该公开讲这个,因为他们以后可能会专门调整自己的说法——但当他们来的时候,光是他们谈什么、他们觉得什么重要、什么不重要,这里面就已经有很多线索了,能让你看出他们之后大概会怎么做。

When somebody comes to me with a business, and I probably shouldn't tell this publicly because they'll probably tailor their approach subsequently, but when they come, just the very things they talk about, uh, what they regard as important and not important, there are a lot of clues that come as to subsequent behavior.

就像我说的,在那些和我们合作过的人里面,我们的命中率高得超过我原本的预期,不过也没有到百分之百。

And like I say, we've really had a batting average I wouldn't have thought we would have had in the people that we've joined with, but it hasn't been 100%.

已经远远超过百分之九十了。别人也经常问我,我是说,你们到底是怎么做出这些判断的?

It's been well above 90, and I get asked that, you know, I mean, how do you make those judgments?

我也不知道,Charlie,你能不能把我们是怎么做的讲清楚?

And I don't know, Charlie, can you articulate the way we do it?
M2
M23:05

嗯,一部分原因是,只要一个提议好得不像真的,我们就会高度怀疑。

Well, partly we're deeply suspicious when the proposition is too good to be true.

有一次 Warren 给我介绍了一位做项目推广的先生,那人想把我们哄进一个保险方案里。他说,我们只承保那种泡在水里的混凝土桥梁的火灾保险。

Warren once introduced me to a gentleman promoter who wanted to inveigle us into an insurance program, and he said, we only write fire insurance on concrete bridges that are covered by water.

他说,这简直就像从小孩手里拿糖一样容易。

He says, it's like taking candy from babies.

这种提议,我们是能够筛掉的。

We are able to filter out propositions like that.
M1
M13:34

对,任何人——任何人在他们的话里暗含着,或者他们自己拿来笑谈的那些东西,凡是带着一种“这太容易了”的味道,你知道,事情可没那么容易。

Yeah, anybody that— anybody that implicit in their comments or what they kind of laugh about or all kinds of things in terms of the fact, you know, it's so easy, and it ain't that easy, you know.

我们很快就会起疑心。

And we get suspicious very quickly.

而事实是,百分之九十的情况我们都会排除掉,而且我们排除掉的那些里面,可能有相当一部分其实是我们判断错了。

And the truth is, we rule out 90% of the time, and we may be wrong about a fair number that we're ruling out.

真正重要的是,我们留下来的那些,我们是不是看对了。

The important thing is whether the ones we're ruling in we're right about.

所以我们不介意——我们寻找的是那种很明显值得你信任的人。

And so we don't mind— we're looking for the obvious cases of people you can trust.

我是说,再回到一九六九年。

I mean, go back to 1969 again.

当时我在想,要把我的合伙人托付给谁,各种各样业绩很漂亮的人都有。

When I was thinking about who to turn my partners over to, all kinds of people with great records.

那时候那算是——算是 hedge fund。

That was a— a hedge fund.

那是 hedge fund 的第一个黄金时期。

That was the first heyday of hedge funds.

当时还有人写了书,像《The New Breed on Wall Street》之类的。

There were books written about it, The New Breed on Wall Street and some of those.

你们都可以去查。

You can look them up.

有几十个几十个几十个业绩很不错的人。

And dozens and dozens and dozens of people with good records.

等我真的坐下来认真想这件事的时候,我得给我的合伙人写信,告诉他们该把自己所有的钱交给谁,因为他们大多数人当时有百分之百,或者接近百分之百的资金都在我这儿。

And when I sat down and thought about it, I'm going to, I'm going to write my partners and tell them who to turn over all their money to, because most of them had 100% or something close to it with me.

你知道,Charlie、Sandy、Bill Ruane。

You know, Charlie, Sandy, Bill Ruane.

对,我没法告诉你这三个人里到底谁会做得最好。

Yeah, I couldn't have told you which of the 3 was going to do the best.

你知道,我甚至也没法告诉你,这三个人就一定会比别人可能选出来的另外五个人做得更好。

You know, and I couldn't even tell you those 3 would have done better than 5 others that somebody else might pick.

但有一件事我是确定的,那就是他们都会是非常出色的资金 steward。

But the one thing I was sure of, it was, it was that they were going to be sensational stewards of money.

他们会更在乎那些被托付给他们的人,而不是一门心思追求最好的业绩结果。

They were going to care more about those people, people that were turned over to them, than getting the best result possible.

也就是说,比起在乎今年靠佣金、管理费之类的东西赚了 X 还是 2X,他们更在乎客户本身。

Than they were going to care about, you know, whether they made X or 2X this year in terms of commissions or fees or any of that sort of thing.

只要我发现一个人用了——在我看来——不公平的收费结构,还说,哦,反正我能收得到,那我,你知道,我就会把他排除掉。

Anytime I find somebody with a— what I regard as an unfair fee structure and saying, well, I can get it, well, I, you know, I rule them out.

嗯,我也许会错杀一些其实不该排除的人,但留下来的那些人,我会感觉非常放心。

Uh, and I may rule out some of the wrong people, but the ones that are left in, I feel very good about.

我真希望我能给你更好的建议,不过,嗯,我能说的也就这些。

And I wish I could give you better advice than that, but, uh, that's all I can do.
F1
F15:38

八。

8.