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1996年股东大会 · 巴菲特点评管理层对于企业的重要性(醍醐灌顶)

38 段 · 2 位说话人 · 原片 3:40
M1
M10:00

大家下午好。

Good afternoon.

我叫 John Weaver。

My name is John Weaver.

我是来自 Washington 州 Bellingham 的股东。

I'm a shareholder from Bellingham, Washington.

您刚才谈到了,什么样的企业才算是特别棒的企业。

You have discussed what a wonderful business is.

在你们年报第二十三页的收购标准里,其中一条就是管理层。

One of the criteria in your acquisition page, page 23 of your annual report, is management.

您能不能谈谈,您是怎么判断什么叫好的管理层,以及怎么判断自己是不是拥有一位好经理人的?

Could you discuss how you decide what good management is and how you decide whether you have a good manager?
M2
M20:28

真正伟大的企业,是那种不需要优秀管理层也能运转得很好的企业。

The really great business is one that doesn't require good management.

我的意思是——那才是真正了不起的企业。

I mean, that is— that's a terrific business.

而差的企业,则是那种只有靠非常出色的管理层才能成功,甚至才能存活下去的企业。

And the poor business is one that can only succeed or even survive with great management.

不过——我们还是会找那种真正懂自己业务、热爱自己业务、也热爱股东、愿意把股东当作合伙人来对待的人。

And— but we look for people that know their businesses, love their businesses, love their shareholders, want to treat them as partners.

不过话说回来,我们最终还是会看企业本身的底子。

And we still look to the underlying business, though.

我们——

We—.
M1
M10:56

对。

Yeah.
M2
M20:58

如果我们遇到一个我们觉得非常出众的人,但他被困在那种很糟糕的行业里——因为我们自己也做过一些很糟糕的生意——那你知道,最好的做法大概就是赶紧退出,去做别的。

If we have somebody that we think is extraordinary but they're locked into one of those terrible businesses— because we've been in some terrible businesses and, you know, the best thing you can do probably is get out of it and get into something else.

但坦白说,这里面的差距是非常大的。

But there's an enormous difference, frankly.

American 商界的管理者,能力差异非常非常大。

There's an enormous difference in the talent of American business managers.

Fortune 500 的 CEO,可不是像选 American 奥运田径队那五百名队员那样选出来的。

The CEOs of the Fortune 500 are not selected like 500 members of the American Olympic track and field team.

这根本不是同一种选拔机制。

And it is not the same process.

所以你也不会像在 American 奥运队、或者任何体育项目里看到的那样,拥有那么整齐划一的顶级水准。

And you do not have the uniformity of top quality that you get with the American Olympic team in any sport.

在 American 商业界的高层管理者里,你看不到那种一致的高水平。

You do not get that in top management in American business.

你会看到一些非常能干的人,一些特别了不起的人,比如我们刚才提到的 Bill Gates。

You get some very able people, some terrific people, like a Bill Gates that we just mentioned.

但你也会看到很多平庸的人。

But you get a lot of mediocrity, too.

至于检验标准——我觉得在有些情况下,谁做出了非同寻常的成绩,其实是相当容易看出来的。

And the test— I think in some cases that it's fairly identifiable who has done an extraordinary job.

我们喜欢那种打击率做到过三成五、三成六的人,因为这样我们才更有理由相信,他们未来还能保持三成以上。

And we like people that have batted .350 or .360 in terms of predicting that they're going to bat over .300 in the future.

要是有个人说,你知道,我去年打击率只有一成二七,不过我换了新球棒,或者换了新的击球教练——比如来了个什么管理顾问,自称教会了他们怎么做。

And some guy says, you know, I batted .127 last year, but I've got a new bat or a new batting coach, you know, some management consultant has come in and told them how to do it supposedly.

我们对这种说法是非常怀疑的。

We're very suspicious of that.
M1
M12:19

对。

Yeah.
M2
M22:21

所以,我们不喜欢那种原本只是短打型选手,却突然宣称自己能变成重炮打者的人。

So, we don't— we don't like banjo hitters who suddenly proclaim that they can become power hitters.

然后我们还会试着判断,他们对股东到底是什么态度。

And then we try to figure out what their attitude is towards shareholders.

而这一点,在整个 American 企业界里也同样不是一致的。

And that isn't uniform either throughout corporate America.

这差别可大了,并不是都一样。

It's far from uniform.

不过我还是要强调,我们还是希望他们是在一家好公司里。

We still want them to be in a good business, though, I would emphasize.

这一点很重要。

That.

而且我们觉得——我是说,我在年报里举 Tom Murphy 的例子时,我的意思是,在他经营 Cap Cities 那几十年里,不管是能力还是品格,都没人能超过他。

And we feel that— I mean, when I gave the illustration of Tom Murphy in the annual report, I mean, no one had either the ability— no one could top his ability or integrity in terms of the way he ran Cap Cities for— ability or integrity in terms of the way he ran Cap Cities for decades.

我是说,他不只是会替股东着想,他还知道该怎么做,才能进一步增进他们的利益。

I mean, he not only thought about them, he knew what to do to further their interests.

说到发展业务,他也只会在确实有道理、确实合适的时候才去扩张,而不是为了满足自己的 ego,或者只是为了把公司做得更大。

And in terms of building the business, he only built it when it made sense, not when it did something for his ego or to make it larger alone.

他这么做,是因为这符合股东的利益。

He did it when it was in his shareholders' interests.

当然,不是每个人都是 Tom Murphy,但当你找到这样的人,而且他所在的是一家还不错的企业时,你就应该下很重的注,而不要再犯我那种把它卖掉一两次的错误。

And they're not all Tom Murphys, but when you find them and they're in a decent business, you want to bet very heavily and not make the same mistake I made by selling out once or twice too.