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2016年股东大会 · 股票投资很难,因为没有企业能永远伟大

33 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:37
M1
M10:01

你一直都很强调,投资的时候要用长期的眼光来看。

You've long stressed the importance of taking a long-term view when investing.

这么多年来,你在 American Express 上获得的可观回报,似乎也印证了你的这个观点。

Over the decades, your substantial returns in American Express seem to support your point.

你以前也谈过,American Express 有能力随着时间不断重塑自己,但现在看起来,它似乎不是一家有其他替代性业务的公司,而且它的品牌好像也没有过去那么有光环了。

Now, you've talked in the past about the ability of American Express to reinvent itself over time, but today it seems to be a company that doesn't have alternative businesses and its brand doesn't seem to have the same cachet as it once did.

那一个谨慎的投资者——Berkshire 难道不应该定期重新评估自己持有一项投资的理由吗?

Shouldn't a prudent investor—shouldn't Berkshire periodically reassess its reasons for owning an investment?
M2
M20:26

这个嘛,我们几乎是在持续不断地重新评估我们持有所有投资的理由,Charlie 和我都会这么做。一般来说,我们的看法大致是在同一个区间里一致的,不过有时候,我们的分歧可能也会相当大。

Well, we reassess our reasons for owning all investments on almost a continuous basis, and both Charlie and I do that, and we're usually in a general range of agreement, but sometimes we are a fair distance apart, perhaps.

毫无疑问,支付这个领域让很多非常聪明、而且资源很充足的人都高度关注。

There's no question that payments are an area of intense interest to a lot of very smart people who've got a lot of resources.
M3
M30:57

而且变化很快。

And rapid change.
M2
M20:58

对,而且变化很快,未来也还会继续变化。

Yeah, and rapid change, and it will change.

我个人对 American Express 还是感觉可以的,我想,我也很乐意继续持有它。

And I personally feel okay about American Express, and I'm happy to own it, I think.

但它的市场地位——而且几十年来一直都在受到冲击,最近这种冲击更强了——以后也还会继续受到冲击。

But their position, and it has been under attack for decades, more intensively lately, and it will continue to be under attack.

我的意思是,这个业务规模太大了,也太有意思了,而且它也可能太有吸引力了,别人不可能对它视而不见。

I mean, it's too big a business, and it's too interesting a business, and it could be too attractive a business for people to ignore it.

而且这个领域很能发挥一些非常聪明的人的才能。

And it plays to the talents of some very smart people.

我是说,很自然,会有很多能力非常强的组织去琢磨这件事。

I mean, it's natural that a great many organizations that are really quite able think about it.

而且它的规模很大。

And it's big.

所以——

So—
M3
M31:44

很多伟大的企业,现在已经没有以前那么伟大了。

A lot of great businesses aren't quite so great as they used to be.

像 Procter & Gamble 这些公司的包装消费品业务,还有 General Mills,它们现在都比自己最巅峰的时候弱一些了。

The packaged goods business for the Procter & Gambles and so forth of the world, General Mills, they're all weaker than they used to be at their peak.
M2
M21:59

还有汽车公司也是。

And the auto companies.

我是说,当 Charlie 和我年轻的时候——

I mean, when Charlie and I were young—
M3
M32:01

天哪。

Oh my God.

当我想到我年轻时 General Motors 那种强大的力量,再看看后来发生的事,他们把所有股东都消灭掉了。

When I think of the power of General Motors when I was young and what happened, they wiped out all the shareholders.

这我当时根本不可能预测到,或者说——我年轻的时候,General Motors 在整个经济里就像一个巨人一样高高耸立着。

I would no more have predicted that, or—when I was young, General Motors loomed over the economy like a colossus.

看起来简直是不可战胜。

It looked totally invincible.

现金滚滚而来,什么都是滚滚而来。

Torrents of cash, torrents of everything.
M2
M22:23

还得想办法压住市场份额。

Trying to hold down market share.
M3
M32:26

对,因为他们——对,他们是怕自己显得太像垄断了。

Yes, because they—yeah, they were afraid they'd be too monopolistic.

所以,世界是在变化的,我们不能每次只要有什么东西比以前优势稍微小一点,就去调整投资组合。

And so, the world changes, and we can't make a portfolio change every time something is a little less advantaged than it used to be.
M2
M22:42

但你必须保持警觉,必须一直在思考,好判断是不是出现了什么真正从根本上改变游戏规则的大变化。

But you have to be aware, to be thinking all the time in order to—whether there's been something that really changes the game in a big way.

而且,这不仅适用于 American Express,也适用于我们持有的其他东西,包括那些我们百分之百全资拥有的企业。

And, and that's not only true for American Express, that's, that's true for other things we own, including things we own 100% of.

我们有时候会看错,有时候会反应晚一点,有时候会判断错,但有时候我们也会判断对。

And we'll be wrong sometimes, we'll be late sometimes, we'll be wrong sometimes, but we'll be right sometimes too.

而且,呃,呃,但也不是说我们没有意识到这些威胁,只不过要判断这些威胁发生的概率,以及它们到底只是个小问题、还是个大问题、还是会威胁生存的问题,你知道,这是一件很难的事,但这也正是让我们的工作有意思的地方。

And, and, uh, uh, but it's not that we're not cognizant of threats, but assessing the probabilities of those threats being a minor problem or a major problem or a life-threatening problem is, you know, it's a tough game, but that's what makes our job interesting.
M3
M33:25

我觉得,在支付这个领域里,任何那种已经做了很多年、用老方法的成熟参与者,可能都比以前面临更大的风险。

I think anybody in payments probably who's an established longtime player with an old method has more danger than used to exist.

只是这里面的变动性更大了。

It's just there's more fluidity in it.