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1995年股东大会 · 巴菲特:我是如何计算伯克希尔内在价值的

27 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:58
M1
M10:00

来自 Tennessee 州 Knoxville 的 Jack Lanning。

Jack Lanning from Knoxville, Tennessee.

我有个问题,可能不太适合让 Berkshire 的管理层来回答,不过我想我还是问一下。

I have a question which may not be appropriate for the officers of Berkshire to answer, but I think I'll ask it anyway.

您在年报里重点谈到了内在价值,而且您还说,通过看看后面那些灰页,大家就能够——或者说有可能推算出 Berkshire 的内在价值。

You focused on intrinsic value in your annual report, and you suggested that by reviewing the gray pages in the back that one could come up with a— possibly come up with a value of intrinsic value for Berkshire.

我也试着这么做了。

I've made an effort to do this.

我算出来的市盈率大概在二十一倍左右,看起来似乎是有点高估了。

And I think I come up with a price-to-earnings ratio of somewhere around 21, which seems to be a little overvalued.

我想请问您,Buffett 先生,您愿不愿意透露一下,您认为 Berkshire 的内在价值是多少。

I'd like to ask you, Mr. Buffett, if you would care to divulge what you believe is the intrinsic value of Berkshire.

如果您不愿意回答这个,那您觉得 Berkshire 现在这个价位算公道吗?

And if you're not willing to do that, do you consider the price of Berkshire at this level to be fair?
M2
M20:52

对,这个问题我几乎每年都会以这样或那样的形式被问到,我一向都说,我不想破坏你们自己去推算内在价值的乐趣。

Yeah, I— every year I get asked that in one form or another, and I always say that I don't want to spoil the fun for those of you who are working out the intrinsic value for yourself.

你们已经拿到了我们手上所有关键的数据,呃,我想说,除了 P/E 之外,还有一些——还有一些很重要的因素。

You have all the numbers that we have that are, that are key to it, and, uh, I would say that, that there are some, there's some important factors besides P/E.

我之前提过,比如说,我们讲 float 的那一页,可能是整份报告里最重要的页面之一。

I, I mentioned earlier that I thought that the page where we describe float, for example, is probably as important a page as there is in the report.

然后问题就在于,随着时间推移,你会怎么去配置这些资本。

And then the question is, you know, what do you do with the capital as you allocate it over time?

这显然也会影响内在价值。

And obviously that makes a difference in intrinsic value too.

不过大体上我会这么说——而且几乎一直都是这样——我想我会说,Berkshire 的内在价值相对于它的——我换个说法吧。

But I would say in a general way that I— and this has been true virtually all of the time that— I think I would say that the intrinsic value of Berkshire in relation to its— I'll put it the other way.

我觉得,Berkshire 的价格相对于它的内在价值来说,可能提供了和我看到的大多数股票一样多,甚至更多的价值。

The price of Berkshire in relation to its intrinsic value, I think, probably offers as much value as, or more than, the majority of stocks that I see.

但我不想再往下说得更具体了。

But I don't want to go any further than that.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:16

我没什么可补充的。

I've got nothing to add.

你刚才说到自己去算出来的乐趣,这让我想到一位很有名的英国校长,他以前总会对每一届毕业班说,

Your story about the fun of working it out, there was a famous English headmaster who used to say to each graduating class, he'd say, 5% of you are going to become criminals.

你们当中有百分之五将来会成为罪犯。

And I know just who you are.

而且我很清楚你们是谁。

But I'm not going to tell you because I don't want to deprive your lives of a sense of excitement.
M2
M22:41

但我不会告诉你们,因为我不想剥夺你们人生里的那种刺激感。

We'll explain that later on.

这个我们待会儿再解释。

There's, there's a lot more to— there's more to intrinsic value, as we've discussed earlier, than just adding up what you think you can sell the pieces for at any given time, because it is the— it is a prospective figure.

关于内在价值,正如我们之前讨论过的,它远不只是把你觉得在某个时点上能把各个部分卖多少钱加起来,因为它是一个——它是一个面向未来的数字。

It is the— it is the— it is future cash discounted back to the present, and capital allocation is a good part of that.

它是——它是——它是把未来的现金折现到现在,而资本配置就是其中很重要的一部分。

What you expect the float to do, for example, over time would not— that would lead to a large swing in possible numbers relative to value.

比如说,你预期 float 随着时间会怎么变化——这一点会让可能得出的价值数字出现很大的波动。

I mean, if when we bought National Indemnity in 1967, when it had whatever it had, $15 or $20 million in float.

我的意思是,当我们在一九六七年买下 National Indemnity 的时候,它那时的 float 不管是多少吧,一千五百万到两千万美元。

We didn't see it then, but if we could have foreseen the eventual development of float over time, it might have turned out that the intrinsic value of National Indemnity was many multiples of what most people might have thought at the time, or probably what we thought at the time.

我们当时并没有看出来,但如果我们那时候能预见到 float 随时间最终会如何发展,那么 National Indemnity 的内在价值,最后可能会是当时大多数人所以为的很多倍,或者说,很可能也是我们当时所以为的很多倍。

Zone 1?