← 返回任务列表

1999年股东大会 · 芒格:做好投资,不需要知道世上所有发生的事

34 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:47
M1
M10:00

下午好,谢谢大家。

Good afternoon and thank you.

我叫 Paul Worth。

My name is Paul Worth.

我来自 Kansas 的 Wichita,我的问题是这样的。

I'm from Wichita, Kansas, and my question is as follows.

对于 Berkshire 持有的这些消费品牌公司,尤其是 Coca-Cola 和 Gillette,你们觉得哪些新兴市场在未来十年最有可能带来销量增长的潜力?又是哪些经济、政治或者社会变化在推动这种增长?

For the consumer franchise companies that Berkshire owns, Coca-Cola and Gillette in particular, in which emerging markets do you see the greatest 10-year potential for unit sales growth, and what economic, political, or social changes are precipitating that growth?

第二,你们是否认为,美国的总市值占全球总市值的百分之五十三,这个比例已经接近顶点了?

Secondly, do you believe that the U.S. market cap, as a percent of the world's, at 53%, is near its zenith?

还有,你们认为哪些国家的总市值最可能出现最高的百分比增长?

And which countries do you believe will likely show the greatest percent growth in total market cap?
M2
M20:40

这个嘛,我真希望我知道答案。

Well, I wish I had the answers.

不过,第一个问题很明显,你在看像 Coke 这样的公司时,首先看的就是绝对人数。

The first question, though, obviously, when you're dealing with something like Coke, is raw numbers.

我的意思是,它的潜力非常巨大。

I mean, there's huge potential.

比如说在一个国家,你知道的,世界上人口最多的国家,中国,人均消费量现在还很低,但增长得非常快。

In a country, you know, the largest country in the world, in China, where the per capita consumption is very low but is growing very fast.

所以对我来说,很容易预测,而且大概率会预测对,只要不发生什么巨大的动荡或者特别意外的事,中国从目前这个水平出发,会是全球所有有一定规模的国家里,Coke 增长最快的市场。

So it's very easy for me to predict, and probably be right, absent some tremendous upheaval or some real surprise, that China would be the fastest-growth market among countries of any size in the world for Coke from this level.

这背后的依据就是,中国有数量极其庞大的人口,而且显然他们喜欢这个产品,只是目前的起点很低;同时还需要建设更多的装瓶基础设施,不过这些设施会被补上,以支持这种增长。

But that's based on the fact that you've just got a huge number of people that clearly like the product that are starting from a very low base, and where a lot more bottling infrastructure is going to be needed, but which will be supplied to facilitate that growth.

至于 Gillette,情况就有点不一样了。

With Gillette, it's a little different.

人们本来就在刮胡子。

People are already shaving.

你要做的,是把他们原有的刮胡子体验升级。

What you do is you upgrade the shaving experience that they have.

所以刀片质量上的差异会非常大。

So you have great differences in the quality of the blades.

不过,随着全世界越来越富裕、生活水平不断提高,这两家公司都拥有巨大的机会。

But both of those companies have tremendous opportunities as the prosperity around the world, as the standard of living grows.

而且我毫不怀疑,在刀片和剃须刀这个业务上——这只占 Gillette 业务的大约三分之一——我相当确定,结论就是它们两家都会非常兴旺。

And there's just no doubt in my mind that in the blade and razor business for Gillette, which is only a third of their business, I'm pretty sure of the conclusion that both of them will prosper a great deal.

而且我可一点都不想跟它们中的任何一家竞争。

And I would hate to be competing with either one of them.

不管是在这里,还是世界上其他任何地方。

Here or anywhere else in the world.

我的意思是,它们手里拿的是稳赢的牌。

I mean, they have the winning hand.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:24

嗯,我同意你说的一切。我还想补充一点:就算我非常确定,美国在全球总市值里的占比会从百分之五十三降到百分之四十,我也不知道该怎么靠这个判断赚钱,不会因为这个就跑去到处买外国证券。

Well, I'd agree with everything you said, and I'd like to add that if I knew for sure that the United States' share of worldwide market capitalization was going to go from 53% down to 40%, I wouldn't know how to make money out of that insight by running around buying foreign securities.
M2
M22:51

对,我们不是按这种思路操作的。

Yeah, we just don't operate on that basis.

而且,你知道,几年前新兴市场特别火,全国每一家机构都有人去推销,说我要做一只 emerging markets fund,他们就觉得自己非参与不可,他们的顾问也告诉他们必须参与。

And I mean, you know, a few years ago emerging markets were all the rage, and every institution in the country was getting promoted by somebody who said, I'm going to run an emerging markets fund, and they felt they had to participate in it, and their advisors told them they had to participate.

我们觉得那一套全是胡扯。

We regard that all as nonsense.

你知道,到最后,你还是得自己想清楚,自己知道什么,不知道什么,然后顺着这个判断去做。

You know, in the end, you just have to think for yourself about what you know and what you don't know and go where that leads you.

而不是因为某个名字好听,或者因为某个板块、某个 country fund 之类的东西,就去买进去。

And you don't do it by buying into things with names on them or sectors or country funds or that stuff.

你知道,那些都是被包装出来卖给人的商品,而且通常都是在错误的时点卖给人的。

You know, that's merchandise that's designed to sell to people, and it usually is sold to people at the wrong time.
M3
M33:33

对。

Yeah.

我们的玩法,就是找到少数几件聪明、值得做的事。

Our game is to find a few intelligent things to do.

不是非得盯着全世界正在发生的每一件破事。

It's not to stay up on every damn thing that's going on in the whole world.

对。

Yeah.
M2
M23:46

第五区。

Zone 5.