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2003年股东大会 · 巴菲特:伟大的企业家与股东共同富裕,而不是靠股东发财

55 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:40
M1
M10:00

我叫 Norman Rentrop,来自德国 Bonn。

I'm Norman Rentrop from Bonn, Germany.

Buffett 先生、Munger 先生,我想先向你们表达感谢,然后再问一个问题。

Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger, I have a thank you and a question for you.

谢谢你们让我们这些股东能够和你们在完全平等的条件下一起投资,几乎不收管理费,也不收业绩费。

Thank you for allowing us shareholders to invest with you on equal terms with almost no management fee and no performance fee.
M2
M20:18

谢谢。

Thank you.
M1
M10:26

我是把自己持有 Berkshire Hathaway 十年的经历,拿去和一家 private equity fund 做比较之后,才真正完全体会到这一点的。那家基金在同样的十年里,扣费前收益是百分之十九点八,扣费后只剩百分之十一点二。

I came to fully appreciate it when I compared my 10 years of holding Berkshire Hathaway to a private equity fund, which over the same 10 years earned 19.8% before fees and 11.2% after fees.

现在,我的问题是:Buffett 先生,早在一九五零年代和一九六零年代,当你经营 partnership 的时候,你要求并且拿到了这样一笔业绩费:每年超过百分之六的那部分收益里,拿百分之二十五。

Now, my question: back in the 1950s and 1960s, when you had a partnership, Mr. Buffett, you asked for and got a performance fee of 25% of what was earned above 6% a year.
M3
M31:01

没错。

Correct.
M1
M11:02

是什么让你从当年的业绩费模式,转变成了我们今天享受到的这种零收费模式?

What caused you to switch from that performance fee to the no fees we are enjoying today?

是不是因为你领悟到了,给予比索取更好?

Was it the wisdom that to give is better than to receive?
M3
M31:15

再猜一次。

Try again.
M1
M11:22

还有,你觉得这种从收业绩费到不收业绩费的转变,大家是不是已经充分理解和认识到了?

And do you feel that this switch from performance fee to no performance fee, that that is fully appreciated?

这对你个人来说又意味着什么?

And what did it mean to you personally?
M3
M31:33

嗯,我很感谢你刚才那番话,而且我会——我是说,我甚至愿意花钱来做我现在这份工作。

Well, I appreciate what you had to say, and I will— I would pay to have this job I have.

我愿意花很多钱,不过我希望别人别拿这句话来考我。

I would pay a lot of money, and I hope I don't get tested on that.

但是你知道,如果我能和我喜欢的人一起工作,拿到和他们一样的结果,最后也已经拥有很多很多钱了,那我干嘛还非得在他们之上再额外多拿一层呢?

But I, you know, it's why in the world, if I can work with people I like and get the same result they have and end up with all kinds of money, you know, why do I need to make some further override on them?

我在一九五六年开始那个 partnership 的时候,我人生所处的位置正在发生很大的变化。

I was changing my position in life significantly when I started that partnership in 1956.

有几位当时的人——嗯,我想,是的,Doris 可能是这里唯一一位最早的合伙人了。Doris,你能站起来一下吗?

A couple of the people that— well, I guess, yeah, Doris may be the only original partner here, but— Doris, would you stand up?

她是在一九五六年五月五号加入的,不管她现在坐在哪儿。

She joined on May 5th, 1956, wherever she is.

还有,你知道,那些人把钱交给了我,但当时我——我那时候自己也需要一些钱。

And the, you know, those people gave me their money, but I wasn't— I needed some money then too.

所以我的确拿了一笔额外分成,而我觉得那是公平的。

And I did get an override, which I thought was fair.

不过我完全没有收管理费。

I got no management fee at all, though.

我从来没有收过。

I never charged.

现在,大多数经营 hedge funds 的人,都是每年先收百分之一,然后再从利润里抽一部分。

Today, most of the people who run hedge funds charge 1% a year and then some percentage of profits.

我当时不是这么做的。

I did not do that.

而且到一九六二年之后,我把自己所有的钱都投进去了,这样下行风险和上行收益就是对等的。

And I did have all my money in after 1962 so that the downside would be equal to the upside.

但我一直都是把那些人当作合伙人来看待的。

But I've always felt about the people as partners.

后来我们进入 Berkshire 的时候,最开始 Berkshire 是由那个 partnership 持有的。

And when we got into Berkshire, originally when we got into Berkshire, Berkshire was owned by the partnership.

所以如果我那时候再拿薪水,实际上就等于我先从 Berkshire 把钱拿出来了,然后 partnership 才轮得到参与,这其实就成了双重拿钱。

So if I'd taken a salary then, I would have been double-dipping in effect by getting money out of Berkshire before, in turn, the partnership participated.

而且坦白说,等到我真正开始经营 Berkshire 的时候,我已经拥有我所需要的全部钱了。

And frankly, by the time I got— where I was running Berkshire, I had all the money I needed.

而且,你知道,比起让我自己拿到一个不同的结果,我更愿意和我的合伙人拿到同样的结果。

And, and you know, I'd rather get the same result as my partners than have me get a different result.

而且——这根本不会带来什么差别。

And it's— it can't make any difference.

我的意思是——也许将来会让我的 foundation 规模大一点,你知道,但那又怎样呢?

I mean, it's— it'll make a difference in the size of my foundation someday, perhaps, you know, but so what?

我喜欢按我现在这种方式生活。

I like living the way I live.
M2
M23:19

Charlie?

Charlie?

嗯,你提了一个很有意思的问题,而且如果往回看,是有类似情况的。

Well, you raise a very interesting question, and it has parallels if you go back.

Carnegie 一直非常自豪的一点是,他的大部分财富都是在他完全不从 Carnegie Steel 领薪水的情况下赚到的。

Carnegie was always very proud that the bulk of his fortune had been earned where he took no salary at all from Carnegie Steel.

John D. Rockefeller 这些年来拿的工资几乎少到可以忽略不计。

John D. Rockefeller took practically nothing in salary over the years.

最早的那个 Vanderbilt 也以靠分红生活、完全不拿薪水为荣。

The original Vanderbilt prided himself on living on his dividends and taking no salary.

而且那在另一个时代,是一种很常见的文化。

And it was a, it was a common culture in a different era.

你会意识到,所有这些人都有一种创始人的心理,也许这就是影响 Warren 的原因。

And you realize that all those people had the psychology of being the founder, and maybe that's what influenced Warren.
M3
M34:06

那是什么影响了你呢,Charlie?

What influenced you, Charlie?

Charlie 也是什么都不拿,所以——

Charlie doesn't take anything either, so—.
M2
M24:11

对我来说,能摆脱那种因为按业绩拿报酬而带来的心理压力,我是很高兴的。

I was delighted to get rid of the psychological pressure brought by— brought on me by getting fees based on performance.

我觉得 Warren 也是这样。

I think Warren was too.

如果你在和别人打交道时责任心特别强,而且你很不愿意让人失望,呃,那要是你拿的是很丰厚的业绩提成,你承受的痛苦就会更大。

If you're highly conscientious in your relations with other people and you hate to disappoint, uh, you're going to suffer more if you are liberally rewarded with performance fees.

所以我觉得这对我们来说是个巨大的好处。

So I think there was an enormous advantage to us.

所以我想,我们应该谢谢你们。

So I guess we should be thanking you.
M3
M34:49

我应该——Bill Gates 在 Microsoft 从来没拿过 option,而且工资也非常低。

I should— Bill Gates has never taken an option at Microsoft and takes a very small salary.

而且你会觉得很有意思,他拿这点低工资的唯一原因是——他觉得如果将来某一年业绩不好,他希望在要求别人削减待遇的时候,自己也能同时降薪。

And you'll find it interesting, the only reason he takes the small salary is if there— he feels that if there's a bad year at some time in the future, he wants to be able to take a cut in salary at the same time he's asking other people to cut back.

而这——而这就是——这就是原因。

And that's— and that's the— that is the reason.

我的意思是,他现在拿的本来就少得可怜。

I mean, he takes peanuts as it is.

但他就是觉得——Bill 是个非常保守的人,他觉得总有一年会碰上坏年景;如果他要求别人降百分之五,那他自己也希望能降百分之九十之类的。

But he just figures that— Bill is a very conservative guy, and he figures that some year there'll be a bad year, and he wants— if he's asking other people to take a 5% cut, he wants to be able to take a 90% cut or something himself.

但他从来没拿过 option,我相信 Steve Ballmer 也没有。

But he's never taken an option, and I don't believe Steve Ballmer has either.

他们是和股东一起变富的,而不是靠股东变富的,这种态度是我们很欣赏的。

They have gotten rich with their shareholders and not off their shareholders, and that's an attitude we admire.

第九个问题。

Number 9.