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2001年股东大会 · 巴菲特:用波动率来衡量风险是疯狂而愚蠢的

33 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 3:04
M1
M10:00

我是来自 Los Angeles 的 Bob Klein。

I'm Bob Klein from Los Angeles.

Wall Street 经常用某个证券季度或者年度业绩的波动性,来评估它的风险高不高;同样,他们也用波动性来评价资金管理人——也就是说,他们是用波动性来衡量风险。

Wall Street often evaluates the riskiness of a particular security by the volatility of its quarterly or annual results and likewise evaluates money managers by their volatility—measures their risk by volatility, I should say.

我知道你们二位并不认同这种方法。

And I know you guys don't agree with that approach.

我想知道,你们能不能具体讲讲,你们是怎么理解风险这个概念的,你们怎么衡量风险,整体上你们是怎么来看待风险的。

I wonder if you could give us some detail about how you come at the concept of risk, how you measure it, just in general, how you approach risk.
M2
M20:31

对,我们认为把波动性当成风险衡量标准,这种想法简直是疯了。

Yeah, we regard volatility as a measure of risk to be nuts.

之所以会用这个办法,是因为那些教书的人想谈风险,但事实是,他们根本不知道在商业里该怎么衡量风险。

And the reason it's used is because the people that are teaching want to talk about risk, and the truth is they don't know how to measure it in business.

我的意思是,这本来应该是我们一门课的一部分——怎么给一家企业估值,里面也应该包括这家企业到底有多大风险。

I mean, that would be part of our course on how to value a business, would also be how risky is the business.

我们买每一家公司时,都会从这个角度去想。

And we think about that in terms of every business we buy.

对我们来说,风险是和——嗯,是和几种可能性相关的。

And risk with us relates to—well, it relates to several possibilities.

一种是本金永久性损失的风险,另一种风险则是我们投进去的那类资本,最后得到的回报不够好。

One is the risk of permanent capital loss, and then the other risk is just an inadequate return on the kind of capital we put in.

这跟波动性一点关系都没有。

It does not relate to volatility at all.

我们的 See's Candies 业务会亏钱——这要看 Easter 落在什么时候——但一年四个季度里,它有两个季度会亏钱。

Our See's Candies business will lose money in—it depends on when Easter falls, but it'll lose money in 2 quarters of the 4 quarters of the year.

所以,它在一年内部的盈利波动非常大。

So, it has this huge volatility of earnings within the year.

但这是我所知道风险最低的生意之一。

It's one of the least risky businesses I know.

你知道,你能找到各种各样很棒的企业,它们的业绩波动很大,但这并不意味着它们就是差企业。

You know, you can find all kinds of, you know, wonderful businesses that have great volatility in results, but it does not make them bad businesses.

反过来,你也能找到一些——你也能找到一些很糟糕、但表面上非常平稳的企业。

And you can find some very—you can find some terrible businesses that are very smooth.

我的意思是,如果你有一家什么都不干的企业,那它的业绩当然不会季度与季度之间有变化,对吧?

I mean, you have a business that did nothing, you know, and its results would not vary from quarter to quarter, right?

所以,把波动性直接等同于风险,根本说不通。

And, and so it just doesn't make any sense to translate volatility into risk.

Charlie,你要不要再补充一点?

And Charlie, you want to add anything on that?
M3
M32:02

嗯,这就引出了一个很有意思的问题:为什么那些这么聪明的教授们,会想出这么愚蠢的点子,而且还能把它传播到全国各地?

Well, it raises an interesting question, which is, how can a professoriate that is so smart come up with such silly ideas and spread them all over the country?

这是个非常有意思的问题。

It's a very interesting question.

如果我们大家都觉得——Charlie,你的 Dilly Bars 送到了。

If all of us felt that—Charlie, your Dilly Bars arrived.

哦,太好了。

Oh, good.
M2
M22:25

对。

Yeah.

你听说过人会突然恢复精力吧。

You've heard of getting a second wind.
M3
M32:28

哦,好极了。

Oh, fine.

谢谢。

Thank you.
M2
M22:30

你给他小费。

You tip him.

我可没觉得我们刚才那些玩笑有那么好笑。

I didn't think our cracks were that funny.
M3
M32:42

对,对。

Right, right.

但我已经等这种疯狂过去,等了几十年了。

But I've been waiting for this craziness to pass for several decades now.

我,我确实觉得它多少受到了一点打击,但它并没有过去。

I, I do think it's getting dented some, but it's not passing.
M2
M23:00

如果有人开始跟你大谈 beta,你就知道,赶紧把钱包捂紧。

If somebody starts talking to you about beta, you know, zip up your pocketbook.