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2001年股东大会 · 巴菲特:成立个公司并叫它私募基金,并不会让你赚更多钱

43 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:30
M1
M10:00

对。

Yes.

Michael Wang,来自 California 的 San Diego。

Michael Wang, San Diego, California.

首先,我想感谢你们二位。

First, I would like to thank both of you.

我的问题是,你刚开始做这门生意的时候,为什么你成立的是 investment partnership,而不是 mutual fund?

My question is, when you started your business, why did you start an investment partnership instead of a mutual fund?

还有,你能不能推荐一本或者几本关于怎么成立 investment partnership 或者 fund,以及怎么服务客户的好书?

And also, can you recommend a good book or books regarding how to start an investment partnership or fund and how to service clients?
M2
M20:26

嗯,我不知道有什么书是讲怎么成立 partnership 或 hedge fund 的。

Yeah, I don't know of any books on starting partnerships or hedge funds.

Charlie,你知道吗?

Do you know, Charlie?
M3
M30:34

不知道,不过看起来大家就算没看这些书,也照样能把它们搞出来。

No, but people seem to manage to create them without the books.

对,激励实在太强了。

Yeah, the incentives are awesome.
M2
M20:40

对,不过有一点,我们俩一直都觉得挺有意思的,就是有些东西一旦变时髦了,人们就会觉得,只要给它起了那么一个名字,好像大家就会自动变得更聪明,或者更能从里面赚到钱。

Yeah, and the one thing, I mean, it's always interesting to both of us how you get certain things that are fashionable, and people think that by naming something a given name, that somehow that makes everybody smarter or able to make money in it.

我是说,private equity fund、international investing、hedge fund,还有 Wall Street 推销的这一大堆花里胡哨的东西,本身根本没有什么魔法。

I mean, there is no magic to private equity funds, international investing, hedge funds, all of the baloney that gets promoted on Wall Street.

事情往往是这样:有些东西会突然变得特别好推销,通常是因为之前别人最近在这方面取得了一些成功,于是后来进来的人,就把过去少数几个人的成功直接外推,用来向现在的人募集新资金。

What happens is that certain things become very promotable, usually because there's been recent successes by other people, and that the new entrants extrapolate the successes of a few people in the past to promote new money from people currently.

所以他们就会采用一些他们觉得能吸引资金的头衔、名目。

So they adopt titles that, you know, that they think will attract money.

但是——不过,一个人就算在自己家门口挂块牌子,写着 hedge fund,或者写着 asset allocation firm,或者类似这种名头,也不会让他变得更聪明。

And they—but it doesn't make anybody any smarter if they hang out a shingle in front of their house that says hedge fund, or they have a shingle that says asset allocation firm, or something of the sort.

形式本身创造不出才能。

The form doesn't create talent.

我是误打误撞进入这个行业的。

I backed into the business.

我是说,我之前在一家 mutual fund 工作过,准确说是一家 closed-end investment company。

I mean, I had worked for a mutual fund, a closed-end investment company.

其实今天现场就有一位朋友,当年我和他都在那里工作;我俩加起来占了整个公司的百分之四十,因为公司另外还有三个人,而且他们的级别都比我们高得多。

In fact, there's a fellow here today, a friend of mine, that the two of us worked there, and we were 40% of the whole company because there were 3 other people, all of whom outranked us considerably.

那家公司就是 Graham-Newman Corp.,我是在一九五四年到一九五六年在那里工作的。

And that firm was Graham-Newman Corp. from 1954 to 1956.

那是一家 regulated investment company。

And it was a regulated investment company.

它当时大概管理着六百万美元资产,在那个年代看起来已经是很大一笔了。

It was about $6 million in assets, which seemed like a big deal at the time.

Ben Graham 当时是全世界最有名的投资人之一,而他的 fund 也只有六百万美元。

And Ben Graham was one of the best-known investors in the world, and he had $6 million in his fund.

另外还有一个姊妹 partnership,叫 Newman and Graham,它的运作方式,如果按今天的话来说,就是 hedge fund 的风格,比如 partnership 里利润怎么分成之类的。

There was a sister partnership called Newman and Graham, which operated in what would today be called hedge fund style as far as a partnership split of the profits and so on.

后来我在五六年离开了那里,回到这边,当时有七个人——其中有几位今天也在这个会场里——他们问我,你愿不愿意帮忙管理资金?

And when I left there in '56 and I came back here, we had 7 people, a couple of whom are here in the room, who said, do you want to manage money?

我就说,好吧,我在 Graham-Newman 学到的是,Newman and Graham 这种做法比 Graham-Newman 更好。

And I said, well, here's what I learned at Graham-Newman, that Newman and Graham is a better way to do it than Graham-Newman.

所以我就成立了一个小 partnership。几年以后我认识了 Charlie,他觉得如果我这样都能赚钱,那他肯定能赚得更多。

So, I formed a little partnership, and then I met Charlie a few years later, and he figured if I was making money doing it, he'd make a lot more.

于是他也成立了一个,这就是我们俩是怎么进入 partnership 这门生意的——一套经过“精密计算”的策略。

So, he formed one, and that was the carefully calculated strategy of how we both became involved in the partnership business.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M33:05

对,hedge fund 这个行业现在变得这么大,真是让人吃惊。

Yeah, it is amazing how big the hedge fund industry has become.

他们现在连这个主题的大会都有了。

They have conventions on the subject now.

在二十年代后期,你甚至还能去上一门课,学怎么运作一个不老实的 security pool。

And in the late '20s, you could take a course in how to run a crooked security pool.

这种事都是一波一波大规模出现的。

And these things come in great waves.

我不是说 hedge funds 有什么不老实,但我是说,这种风潮一来,常常会走到非常极端。

I'm not suggesting the hedge funds are crooked, but I am suggesting that you get these waves of fashion that go to great extremes.

现在投在 hedge funds 里的钱有多少来着,Warren?

The amount of money—what is it now, Warren, in hedge funds?
M2
M23:35

规模非常大,虽然这几个季度比以前稍微少了一点。

It's very big, although it's a little less in a few quarters than it used to be.

不过我愿意拿很多钱来赌:如果你看所有 hedge funds 的整体表现,从今天开始往后十五年,我敢下很大的注,合伙人的回报率绝对到不了百分之十。

But I would be willing to put a lot of money up that if you take the aggregate experience of all hedge funds, that starting right today and going for the next 15 years, I would bet a lot of money it will not hit 10% in terms of return to partners.

而且如果你非要我说得更具体一点,我还会押一个比这更低的数字。

And I would, if you push me, I would bet at a lower figure than that.
M3
M34:00

然后你又有了 Bernie Cornfeld 的那个点子。

Then you have Bernie Cornfeld's idea.

就是 fund of funds。

The fund of funds.

有些人想靠替别人挑选 hedge funds 来赚钱,呃,这套东西在 Bernie Cornfeld 那儿最后干得并不怎么样。

There are people who want to get paid for selecting hedge funds for other people, and, uh, that didn't work very well for Bernie Cornfeld.
M2
M24:16

嗯,对 Bernie 本人来说,有那么一阵子倒是挺管用的,不过对他的投资人来说,实际上就不怎么样了。

Well, it worked pretty well for Bernie for a while, but it didn't work so well for his investors, actually.

对,这个结果说不定正是 Bernie 一开始就想要的,也许吧。

Yeah, that result was probably something Bernie had in mind at the start, maybe.

呃,六区。

Uh, zone 6.