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The Big Story: Malaysia’s BN and PN join forces. Is Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in trouble?

114 段 · 2 位说话人 · 原片 12:12
F1
F10:00

这里是 Hongbin Jeong 带来的 Best of Your Way Home。

Best of Your Way Home with Hongbin Jeong.

当新闻标题变化得很快的时候,我们会把它放慢下来,带你看清楚。

When the headlines move fast, we slow them down.

The Big Story,给你清晰的脉络、完整的背景,还有这对你意味着什么,尽在 Money FM 八十九点三。

The Big Story: clarity, context, and what it means for you, only on Money FM 89.3.

欢迎收听 The Big Story。

Welcome to The Big Story.

我是 Hongbin Jeong。

I'm Hongbin Jeong.

上个星期六,Malaysia 的 Barisan Nasional 和 Perikatan Nasional 在 Negeri Sembilan 州选中拿下了一场重大胜利。

On Saturday, Malaysia's Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional scored a major victory in Negeri Sembilan state election.

两党合起来拿下了三十六个议席中的二十五席,结束了总理 Anwar Ibrahim 所领导的 Pakatan Harapan 联盟在这个州长达八年的执政。

Together, they secured 25 out of 36 seats, ending Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim's Pakatan Harapan coalition's 8-year hold on the state.

这个结果也紧接着 PH 早前在 Sabah 和 Johor 的失利,让 Anwar 面对的压力进一步加大,因为 Malaysia 正越来越接近下一届全国大选。

The result also follows earlier setbacks for PH in Sabah and Johor, piling even more pressure on Anwar as Malaysia moves closer to its next general election.

所以,这场压倒性胜利原本就在预料之中吗?还是说,结果的规模已经改变了 Malaysia 的政治盘算?

So, was this landslide victory expected, or has the scale of the results changed the political calculations in Malaysia?

而且,如果接下来还有更多州选在前方等着,Anwar 是不是正在逐渐失去可以争取的州,也越来越没有时间了?

And with more state elections potentially on the horizon, is Anwar running out of states and time?

现在加入我们、为大家进一步解析的是 Viewfinder Global Affairs 的 managing director,Adib Zalkapli。

Joining us now to share more is Adib Zalkapli, who is the managing director of Viewfinder Global Affairs.

你好,Adib,欢迎来到节目。

Hi, Adib, welcome to the show.
M1
M11:07

你好,谢谢你邀请我。

Hi, thanks for having me.
F1
F11:08

非常感谢你来参加我们的节目。

Thank you so much for joining us.

Adib,现在很多正在收听的听众,可能会觉得这不过是又一场州选,但分析人士说,这是一个分水岭时刻,因为 BN 和 PN 拿下了三十六席中的二十五席,达到 supermajority,而且就在几周前,他们也已经在 Johor 占据主导地位。

Well, Adib, many listeners tuning in now may see this as just another state election, but analysts are describing it as a watershed moment because BN and PN won 25 out of 36 seats, a supermajority, after already dominating Johor just weeks earlier.

而且,Negeri Sembilan 也是第一次真正的选举实验,在这里 BN 和 PN 正式合作,避免了三角战,还积极把选票互相转移给对方。

Now, moreover, Negeri Sembilan was the first real electoral experiment where BN and PN formally cooperated by avoiding three-cornered fights and actively transferring votes to one another.

所以,他们这次的胜利,为什么会是这么重要的一个转折点?

So why is their win such a significant turning point here?
M1
M11:46

对,首先,我们去年在 Sabah 看到的结果,还有上个月在 Johor 看到的结果,相对没有那么重要,原因很简单,因为在 Sabah,Pakatan Harapan 在当地的存在本来就比较有限,其中也包括 Anwar Ibrahim 的 People's Justice Party。

Yeah, firstly, the results that we saw in Sabah last year and Johor last month are less significant simply because in Sabah, Pakatan Harapan has limited presence in the state, including Anwar Ibrahim's People's Justice Party.

同样地,在 Johor,那本来就是 UMNO-Barisan Nasional 的大本营。

Similarly, in Johor, it's UMNO-Barisan Nasional's stronghold.

所以,Negeri Sembilan 是第一个原本由 Pakatan Harapan、也就是由 PKR 掌控,但最后输给了 Barisan Nasional 和 Perikatan Nasional 的州。

So Negeri Sembilan is the first state previously under Pakatan Harapan, under PKR control, that was lost to Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional.

另外,就像你刚才提到的,这也是我认为 BN 和 PN 之间第一次正式的选举协议,而且这个合作为 BN 和 PN 带来了正面的结果。

And also, as you mentioned, this is the first, I think, formal electoral pact between BN and PN, and it has given positive results to BN and PN.

所以我觉得,这就是为什么这次结果会成为 Malaysia 一个重要发展的两个原因。

So I think that's 2 reasons why the result is a significant development in Malaysia.
F1
F12:30

好。

Okay.

那你对这场胜利的幅度感到意外吗?还是说,在 Johor 之后,这其实本来就在预期之中?

Well, were you surprised by the size of the victory, or was this very much expected following Johor?
M1
M12:37

对,我觉得这基本上是在预料之中的。

Yeah, I think it's very much expected.

从一开始我们就看得出来,按照之前几次选举的得票率来看,Malay 选票向 BN 和 PN 集中,再加上选民之间的票源转移,都会让 PH 处于不利位置。

From the start, we could see that based on the vote share from the previous elections, the consolidation of Malay votes to BN and PN and the transfer of voters would disadvantage PH.

所以,Barisan Nasional 和 Perikatan Nasional 赢下这个州,本来就是可以预期的。

So it was expected for Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional to win the state.
F1
F12:56

不过,这场胜利有多大程度是因为 BN 和 PN 的这个联盟?

Well, how much of that victory came down to that alliance between BN and PN though?
M1
M13:01

对,最终这个结果是多种因素共同造成的。

Yeah, so it's a combination of factors that led to the results.

首先,我觉得一个关键事实是,这两个 Malay 联盟走到了一起,避免了 Malay 选票分裂。所以他们的核心社群,或者说他们的支持者,大致上都支持了 BN 和 Perikatan Nasional。

Firstly, I think there's the fact that the 2 Malay coalitions got together, preventing split in Malay votes. So the core community largely, or the supporters largely, backed BN and Perikatan Nasional.

但我觉得,PH 自己其实也在面对内部问题。

Whereas I think PH was also facing their own internal problems.

我觉得他们的支持者当中有失望,也有幻灭感,原因有很多,包括我觉得最明显的一点,就是大选前承诺的改革,据称推进得太慢了。

I think there's disappointment, disillusionment among their supporters for various reasons, including I think the most prominent one is the alleged slow pace of reform that was promised before the general election.

所以我觉得,这些因素加在一起——新的联盟,再加上 Pakatan Harapan 的内部问题——就导致了这样的结果。

So I think this combination of factors, the new alliance and also Pakatan Harapan's internal problems led to the result.
F1
F13:41

嗯,我相信他们这次竞选的重点,确实很强烈地放在马来穆斯林团结这个议题上。

Well, I believe their campaign focused strongly on Malay-Muslim unity.

为什么这个信息在 Negeri Sembilan 的选民当中,看来会引起这么强烈的共鸣?

Why did that message appear to resonate so strongly with voters in Negeri Sembilan?
M1
M13:52

对,不过我也不会把 Negeri Sembilan 选举结果完全归咎于身份政治。

Yeah, I wouldn't entirely blame identity politics for the outcome of the Negeri Sembilan results.

如果你看数字、看民调数据,生活成本和基础设施一直都是选民最关心的问题。

If you look at the numbers, the polling data, cost of living and infrastructure consistently rank as the top concerns for voters.

我不是说身份政治不重要。

I'm not saying identity politics is not important.

它在马来西亚政治里一直都存在,始终都在背景里。

It is always there in Malaysian politics, always in the background.

但真正到了投票决定的时候,还有其他更大的因素。

But when it comes to voting decision, there are other bigger factors.

所以就 Negeri Sembilan 这个案例来说,我觉得身份政治只有在政府被认为没有处理好这些民生问题的时候,才会更有市场。

So in Negeri Sembilan's case, I think identity politics only gain traction when government is perceived to have fallen short in addressing these bread-and-butter issues.

所以当选民觉得自己日常的经济需求和基础设施需求都有被照顾到的时候,身份认同这类问题,通常你知道,就没那么重要了。

So when voters feel their everyday economic and infrastructure needs are being met, questions of identity are often, you know, less important.

所以具体到 Negeri Sembilan,我觉得有很多问题,像是生活成本、基础设施,尤其是州首府 Seremban 和 KL 之间的连通性,还有目前铁路连接方面的一些中断。

So specific to Negeri Sembilan, I think there are a lot of issues like cost of living, infrastructure, especially connectivity between the state capital, Seremban, and KL, some disruptions with the rail connection at the moment.

所以我觉得,这些问题后来都让身份政治的信息被进一步放大了。

So these are some of the issues that I think later led to the amplifying of identity politics messaging.
F1
F14:51

好,我想 Deputy Prime Minister 兼 BN 主席 Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 已经表示,这种合作关系未来可能会延伸到最迟在二零二七年初举行的 Melaka 州选。

Okay, well, I believe Deputy Prime Minister and BN chairman Ahmad Zahid Hamidi has suggested that the partnership could potentially extend to the Melaka state election due by early 2027.

那么,BN 和 PN 之间这种具有战略性的选举协议,到时候会不会大幅重塑马来西亚的政治版图?

Now, could a strategic electoral pact between BN and PN heavily reshape Malaysia's political landscape then?
M1
M15:12

对,我觉得如果你看 Negeri Sembilan 的成功案例,Barisan Nasional 和 Perikatan Nasional 很有可能会把这种做法复制到全国层面。

Yeah, I think if you look at the success in Negeri Sembilan, there's a big possibility that Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional will replicate the approach nationally.

但我觉得,最大的挑战是要确保双方都能接受议席分配,因为别忘了,虽然他们——我的意思是,正因为他们在意识形态上相近,所以他们争取的是同一群选民,也就是马来穆斯林群体,所以议席必须在 UMNO,还有 Perikatan Nasional 里的 PAS 以及新党 Wawasan 之间做出相对公平的分配。

But I think the biggest challenge is to ensure that both sides are happy with the seat allocation because don't forget, although they are, I mean, the fact that they're ideologically similar means they are going after the same group of voters, the Malay Muslim community, so the seats have to be distributed equally among UMNO and also the Perikatan Nasional party's PAS and the new party, Wawasan.
F1
F15:41

好。

Okay.

不过,虽然 BN 和 PN 的合作到目前为止取得了很强的成绩,但这段关系到底有多稳固?

But while the BN-PN partnership has produced strong results so far, how durable is that relationship really?

我的意思是,之后这个联盟要由谁来领导?

I mean, who will lead the alliance later on?

大选的时候,哪些议席又会由谁来上阵?

Who will contest which seats at the GE?
M1
M15:54

对。

Yeah.

所以我觉得,最大的挑战就是,这个联盟、这个合作关系里,到底谁是领头人,对吧。

So I think the biggest challenge is who's the leader in the coalition, right, in the partnership.

但我觉得,如果看这些名字、看候选人名单,其实很明显,能够被提名为 Prime Minister 候选人的,只有一个人,那就是 UMNO 主席 Dato' Sri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi,他同时也是 Deputy Prime Minister。

But I think looking at the names, the slate of candidates, I think it's obvious that there's only one person that could nominate as the Prime Minister candidate, which is the UMNO president, Dato' Sri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, who is also the Deputy Prime Minister.

在大选来临之前,议席分配也会很棘手,但我觉得他们可能会根据各政党在哪些州影响力最大来处理。

Seat allocation will also be tricky ahead of the general election, but I think they will perhaps work on which party has the most influence in certain states.

所以比如说,在马来西亚半岛东北部或西北部,那些议席很可能会由 Perikatan Nasional 主导,而 BN 大概会在半岛其他地区占主导地位。

So for example, in the northeast or northwest of Peninsular Malaysia, those seats will likely be dominated by Perikatan Nasional, and BN will probably be dominant in other parts of the peninsula.

不过是的,从他们现在合作的方式来看,我觉得他们是一州一州来,或者一席一席来处理,就是为了避免去谈那些可能导致内部出现分歧的棘手问题,比如 Prime Minister 的人选,还有议席分配,尤其是因为 BN 目前其实还是 Anwar Ibrahim 联邦团结政府的一部分。

But yeah, but looking at how they're working together, I think they're working one state at a time or one seat at a time to avoid discussing difficult issues that could lead to division among them, such as the issue of Prime Minister position and the allocation of seats, especially as BN is at the moment part of, you know, Anwar Ibrahim's federal unity government.
F1
F16:53

但在州层面,BN 却在积极击败由 Anwar 领导的联盟 PH。

Yet at the state level, BN is actively defeating PH, the coalition led by Anwar.

事实上,Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 甚至还和 PN 的领袖一起庆祝 Negeri Sembilan 的胜利。

In fact, DPM Ahmad Zahid Hamidi even celebrated Negeri Sembilan's victory alongside PN leaders.

所以我得问你,Adib,就 Anwar 本人来说,这个局面到底有多尴尬?

So I've got to ask you, Adib, how awkward is the situation for Anwar specifically?
M1
M17:13

对,这确实是个非常难办的位置。

Yeah, it is a very difficult position to be in.

我能想象,他的副手在州层面上同时也是他的对手。

I can imagine his deputy also his rival at the state level.

不过我觉得,作为 Prime Minister,他手上还是有很大的权力,尤其是在确保——或者更准确地说,决定全国大选时间这件事上。

But I think being the Prime Minister, he has a lot of powers, especially in ensuring that, or rather determining the time of the general election.

所以我觉得,他对联盟里的其他政党还是有一些筹码的,因为我不认为 UMNO、Barisan Nasional 会为了逼出一场全国大选,就退出联邦政府。

So I think he still has some leverage over other parties in the coalition because I don't think UMNO, Barisan Nasional, would withdraw from the federal government just to force a general election.

所以在联邦层面,虽然看起来政府是被削弱了。

So at the federal level, although it looks like the government is weakened.

尤其是 Prime Minister,因为接连的选举失利而显得更弱了,但他作为 Prime Minister,尤其在决定全国大选时间上,权力还是在他手里。

Prime Minister especially is weakened due to the back-to-back electoral defeats, but he still holds the power as the Prime Minister to decide on the timing of the general election especially.
F1
F17:55

那你会不会说,这个团结政府本身也受到了威胁?

So would you say the unity government is under threat as well?

我的意思是,UMNO 的成员现在会不会推动他们的领导层,重新考虑是不是还要继续跟 PH 站在一起?

I mean, could UMNO members push their leadership to reconsider staying with PH at this moment?
M1
M18:05

对,我觉得 UMNO 内部会有压力,尤其是那些不在政府里、也不在内阁里的第二梯队或者中层领导人,他们可能会试着推动党退出联邦政府,甚至逼出一场全国大选。

Yeah, I think there will be pressure from UMNO, especially the second-tier leaders or mid-level leaders who are not part of the government, not part of the cabinet, who may try to push the party to withdraw from the federal government and perhaps force a general election.

但我不觉得 UMNO 的领导层会这么做,原因很简单,如果他们决定退出联邦政府,那就意味着他们得放弃部长职位、放弃政府里的位置,而这也意味着,一旦举行全国大选,他们就会失去执政者的优势,以及获取资源的渠道。

But I don't think UMNO would do that, the leadership, simply because if they decide to withdraw from the federal government, that means they have to give up their ministerial positions, the government positions, and that would mean they will lose the advantages of incumbency and access to resources when a general election is called.
F1
F18:38

好。

Okay.

那如果把这些结果放在一起来看,它们说明了选民现在是怎么看 Anwar 和他的政府的?

And when we look at these results together, what do they tell us about how voters currently view Anwar and his government?
M1
M18:46

对。

Yeah.

整体来说,如果你看数字,Anwar Ibrahim 其实还是——他的支持度其实还算可以,大概在百分之五十左右,具体要看不同州。

Overall, if you look at the numbers, Anwar Ibrahim actually is still, his popularity is still all right, about 50%, depending on state.

对于一个同时面对很多内部和外部挑战的人来说,这已经算高了。

That is considered high for someone who is facing a lot of internal and external challenges.

不过没错,我觉得他眼下最主要的挑战,是要说服他的核心支持者、也就是他那个联盟的核心支持者回到这个政党阵营里来,这样他们至少能在全国大选前恢复到一个比较健康的支持水平。

But yes, I think his main immediate challenge is to convince his core supporters, his coalition's core supporters, to return to the party so they could at least restore, get a healthy level of support before going for the general election.
F1
F19:14

不过话说回来,Malaysia 下一次全国大选要到二零二八年年初才到期。

Well, that said, Malaysia's next general election isn't due until early 2028.

但考虑到最新的结果,Adib,Anwar 会不会面临压力,被迫提前举行大选?

But given the latest results, Adib, will Anwar be under pressure to call snap elections?

而且他应该这么做吗?

And should he though?

这对 PH 来说会不会是一场很大的赌博?

Would this be a major gamble for PH?
M1
M19:29

对,我觉得从我们上个月在 Negeri Sembilan 和 Johor 看到的情况来看,很明显,他的政党、他的联盟 Pakatan Harapan,在政治上正处于最弱的时候。

Yeah, I think given what we saw in Negeri Sembilan and Johor last month, it's obvious that his party, his coalition, Pakatan Harapan, is at their weakest politically.

所以提前举行大选对他并没有好处。

So it wouldn't be in his interest to call for a snap election.

他可能会想等到明年年底,或者至少接近明年年底的时候。

He may want to wait until the end or until towards the end of next year.

然后利用从现在到那时的这段时间,来强化他的政党,重新调整联盟定位,改善对外传达的信息,并且希望能赢回过去几年流失掉的一部分支持者和选票。

And use the time from now until then to strengthen his party, reposition the coalition, and improve the messaging, and hopefully to win back some of the support, the voters that they lost over the last few years.

所以我觉得,更有可能的是他会等到明年,并希望到那个时候,Barisan Nasional 的这股势头已经消散了。

So I think it's more likely that he will wait until next year and hope that by then the momentum for Barisan Nasional had dissipated by then.
F1
F110:04

那 PH 现在还有什么别的办法,可以重建支持、重新找回政治动能?

What other options does PH have at the moment to rebuild support and regain political momentum?
M1
M110:09

我觉得最好的办法,就是回头看看他们的核心支持者想要什么,或者说,他们曾经向核心支持者承诺过什么。

I think the best option is to look at what their core supporters wanted or what they promised their core supporters.

别忘了,在上一次全国大选之后,Pakatan Harapan 拿下了最高的普选票,占比超过百分之四十二,在所有联盟里是最高的。

Remember that after the last general election, Pakatan Harapan emerged with the highest number of popular votes, more than 42%, the highest among all the coalitions.

所以他们是有可能把这部分支持维持住的,同时再去争取那些对政治没兴趣、对投票也没兴趣的选民的支持。

So they could potentially maintain that and at the same time try to win support from voters who are disinterested in politics, disinterested in voting.

所以大概至少有百分之二十到二十五的选民不会出来投票。

So there are about at least 20-25% voters who will not come out to vote.

所以还是有可争取的空间。

So there's still gains to be made.

包括那些没什么兴趣投票的选民,还有那些要到下个季度左右,或者接下来一年内才会登记的新选民。

Voters who are disinterested, new voters who are only going to be registered in the next quarter or so, or until the next one year.

所以到了下一届全国大选,Pakatan Harapan 还是有空间提高他们的得票率。

So there is room still for the Pakatan Harapan to increase their vote share by the next general election.
F1
F110:56

好,那么接下来 Melaka、Pahang 和 Perak 也可能会举行州选举,你接下来还会关注什么?

Okay, well, with possible state elections ahead as well in Melaka, Pahang, and Perak, what else will you be watching out for next?

我们会不会看到更多州层面的选战?

Could we expect more state battles?
M1
M111:07

会,我觉得接下来最关键的发展,是 Anwar 的 People's Justice Party 的党大会。

Yeah, I think the most crucial development next is the party conferences of Anwar's People's Justice Party.

还有华人政党 Democratic Action Party,在八月十五号和十六号举行的大会。

And also the ethnic Chinese party, the Democratic Action Party, on 15th and 16th of August.

所以对 Anwar 的政党来说,那是他们的年度大会。

So for Anwar's party, it is their annual conference.

你可以预期会听到他们的计划、他们的预期,以及他们为下一届全国大选做了哪些准备。

You can expect to hear what are their plans, what are their expectations, preparation for the next general election.

而更关键的是 DAP 的大会,他们会在会上决定自己在联邦政府中的角色,决定他们是否会继续留下,以及他们下一届全国大选要怎么参选。

And more crucially, the DAP conference, where they will decide on their role in the federal government, whether they will stay and how they will contest the next general election.

所以这就是两项重大发展。

So those are the 2 major developments.

他们甚至可能会决定,PH 可能会退出 Pahang 和 Perak,从而像你刚才提到的那样,迫使再举行两场州选举。

They might even decide, PH might even decide to withdraw from Pahang and Perak and force 2 more state elections, like you mentioned.

有意思。

Interesting.

对,而且 Malacca 肯定会在接下来几个月内举行,最迟到今年年底。

Yeah, and Malacca is definitely happening in the next few months, by the end of the year.

所以这些就是接下来几个月值得关注的主要发展。

So those are the major developments to watch out for in the next few months.
F1
F111:54

明白。

I see.

你刚才的分析非常精彩。

Well, some great analysis from you there.

非常感谢你今天来和我们连线,Adib。

Thank you so much, Adib, for joining us today.
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谢谢你们邀请我。

Thank you for having me.
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谢谢。

Thank you.

刚才是 Viewfinder Global Affairs 董事总经理 Adib Zalkapli。

That was Adib Zalkapli, who is the Managing Director of Viewfinder Global Affairs.

这里是 The Big Story,我是 Hongbin Jeong。

This has been The Big Story with me, Hongbin Jeong.
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