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2009年股东大会 · 买股票,不要总想着要“抄底”

63 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:32
M1
M10:00

下午好,Buffett 先生,Munger 先生。

Good afternoon, Mr. Buffett, Mr. Munger.

我是来自 Ohio 州 Dayton 的 Jimmy Chang。

Jimmy Chang here from Dayton, Ohio.

Buffett 先生,去年十月你在《New York Times》的一篇评论文章里写过,你正在把你的个人投资组合调整到百分之百配置美国股票。

Mr. Buffett, in October of last year, you wrote in a New York Times op-ed piece that you were moving your personal portfolio to 100% U.S. equities.

我的问题是,这个调整已经完成了吗?

My question is, is that move complete?

如果还没有,你现在还在继续买吗?

If not, are you still buying?

另外,按你们整个投资生涯来看,最近这轮市场下跌,在股票投资机会这件事上,大概能排到什么位置?

And in addition to that, how would you rank the recent market downturn in terms of investing opportunities in stocks during your investment careers?
M2
M20:29

这个嘛,肯定还没有一九七四年那个时期那么戏剧性。

Well, it's certainly not as dramatic as the 1974 period was.

一九七四年的股票比现在便宜得多,不过当时面对的利率环境也不一样,所以你也可以说,它们其实也没有便宜那么多。

Stocks got much cheaper in 1974 than they are now, but you were also facing a different interest rate scenario, so you could say they really weren't that much cheaper.

当时你可以买到非常好的公司,市盈率大概只有四倍左右,而且前景也不错。

You could buy very good companies at 4 times earnings or thereabouts with good prospects.

不过那时候的利率要高得多。

But interest rates were far higher then.

那是我这辈子见过的,买普通股最好的时期。

That was the best period I've ever seen for buying, uh, common equities.

呃,那个时候这个国家的麻烦,可能还没有我们去年九月时那么大。

Uh, the country may not have been in as much trouble then as we were back in September.

我觉得应该没有,不过当时的股票,呃,确实还是要更便宜一些。

I don't think it was, but stocks were, were somewhat, uh, somewhat cheaper then.

呃,最近这段时间,我,你知道,我买了一些股票,后来又发现 corporate bonds 便宜得出奇。

Uh, in the recent period, I, you know, I bought some equities, and then corporate bonds looked extraordinarily cheap.

它们的利差非常非常大,所以我也买了一些。

The spreads were very, very wide, so I bought some of those too.

不过东西越便宜,我就越喜欢买。

But the cheaper things get, the better I like buying them.

我是说,比如前几天我在 McDonald's 买汉堡,价格是 X,结果如果明天他们把价格降到 X 的百分之九十——这种事不太可能,不过要是真发生了——那我会很高兴。

I mean, if I was buying hamburgers at McDonald's, you know, the other day for X, and they reduced the price to 90% of X tomorrow—not likely, but if they did—I'm happy.

我不会去想我昨天那个汉堡花了多少钱。

I don't think about what I paid yesterday for the hamburger.

我会想,反正我这辈子都还会继续买汉堡,对吧,汉堡越便宜,我就越高兴。

I think I'm going to be buying hamburgers the rest of my life, you know, and the cheaper they get, the better I like it.

我这辈子也会一直买投资品,所以我当然更愿意花二分之一 X,而不是 X。

I'm going to be—I'm going to be buying investments the rest of my life, and I would much rather pay half of X than X.

而且,而且,呃,我昨天花了 X 这件事并不会困扰我——只要我知道,这家企业本身是有价值的。

And, and, uh, the fact that I paid X yesterday doesn't bother me if I get—as long as I know the value is in the business.

所以,所以就我个人来说,我喜欢更低的价格。

So, so on a personal basis, I like lower prices.

我知道,你们很多人早上醒来一看报价时,感受可能不是这样,不过,呃,道理其实很简单:东西打折的时候,你本来就应该比平时更想买。

I realize that that is not the way all of you feel when you wake up in the morning and look at quotes, but, uh, it just makes sense that, that when things are on sale, that you should be more excited about buying them than otherwise.

还有,最近,呃,我在《Times》写那篇文章的时候,并不是在预测股票接下来会怎么走,因为我从来都不知道它们会怎么走。

And lately, uh, when I wrote that article in the Times, I did not predict what stocks were going to do because I never know what they're going to do.

但我知道,什么时候你花出去的钱开始变得特别值,而那就是我相信应该买入的时候。

But I do know when you're starting to get a lot for your money, and that's when I believe in buying.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M32:29

嗯,如果股票平均跌了百分之四十,那显然它们会比之前更接近一个有吸引力的价格。

Well, if stocks go off 40% on average, they're obviously closer to an attractive price than they were before.

而且,呃,当然,最近利率也降了很多,至少短期利率是这样。

And, uh, and of course interest rates have gone down a lot recently, at least short-term interest rates.

但这跟七三到七四年那次完全不是一个级别。

It's nothing like '73-'74.

那次发生的时候,我就知道,那是属于我的时机,而且可能也是我唯一的一次时机。

I, I knew when that happened that that was my time and my only time.

我,我,我当时就知道,我这辈子大概再也碰不上那样一次去派饼柜台拿东西的机会了。

I, I, I knew I was never going to get another trip to the pie counter like that one.

不巧的是,我那时候手头几乎没什么可动用的钱,这就是——

Unfortunately, I had practically no money available, which is—.
M2
M23:05

所以这种事才会发生。

That's why it happens.
M3
M33:06

所以那样的时刻才会出现。

That's why those times occur.

所以,呃,如果我是你,我不会等着一九七三到七四年那种时候再来。

So, uh, if I were you, I wouldn't wait for 1973-74.
M2
M23:16

不,我们不会试着去抄底,而且我们也不对股市明天、下周或者下个月会怎么走有任何判断。

No, we don't try to pick bottoms, or we don't have an opinion about where the stock market's going to go tomorrow or next week or next month.

所以,因为你觉得以后可能还会有更有吸引力的机会,就坐在那里什么合理的事都不做,这不是我们的做法。

So to sit around and not do something that's sensible because you think there will be something even more attractive, that's just not our approach to it.

只要我们有机会做一件说得通、合算的事,我们就会去做。

Anytime we get a chance to do something that makes sense, we do it.

如果第二天这件事看起来更划算,而且我们手里有钱,那我们可能还会加码。

And if it makes even more sense the next day, and if we've got money, we may do more.

如果没有,你知道,那——我们又能怎么办呢?

And if we don't, you know, that— what can we do about it?

呃,所以,抄底、抄底,基本上不是我们玩的那一套。

Uh, so picking, picking bottoms is, is, is basically not our game.

定价、看价格才是我们擅长的,这其实没那么难。

Pricing, pricing is our game, and that's not so difficult.

抄底这件事,我觉得大概是不可能的,不过,呃,当你开始能用手里的钱买到很多东西的时候,你就该买。

Picking bottoms, I think, is probably impossible, but, uh, when you get— when you start getting a lot for your money, you buy it.

而且,正如我说的,我写完那篇东西之后,股票后来确实变得更便宜了。

And, and as I say, after I wrote that, stocks did get cheaper.

公司债这边,呃,公司债市场当时变得非常、非常、非常混乱,呃,我们替 Berkshire 买了一些规模相当大的债券头寸。

Corporate bonds, uh, the corporate bond market got very, very, very disorganized, uh, and we bought some, some fairly good-sized pieces of bonds for Berkshire.

我自己也买了一点点小东西,不过我百分之九十九的时间都在想 Berkshire。那个,呃,Warren,到现在为止,我们那些小型寿险公司里,理想的百分之十收益率债务工具是不是已经配得相当满了?

And I also bought a few little things for myself, but I spend 99% of my time thinking about Berkshire. That's, uh, Warren, by now don't we have our small life insurance companies pretty well full of desirable debt instruments at 10%?

我们的确比以前持有多得多了。

We certainly got a lot more of it than we had.

对,不,我们,我们,我们可能——几个月前,至少在我看来,我们有机会以非常、非常便宜的价格买到一些公司债。

Yeah, no, we've, we've, we've, we may— we got a chance to buy some corporate bonds very, very cheaply in my, at least in my view, uh, a few months back.

而且,呃,我们在 life companies 里有一些资金,那些钱在某些别的领域是不能用的,而当时正是一个最适合直接冲进去买的时候。

And, and, uh, we had money in life companies that can't be used in certain other areas, and for which this was an ideal time to just barrel in.

而且只要是我们喜欢做的事,我们就是真的会很愿意去做。

And anytime we like to do something, we really like to do it.

我的意思是,我们的想法不是蹑手蹑脚地进场,所以当价格合适的时候,我们会以尽可能快的速度买进去。

I mean, our idea is not to tiptoe into anything, so we buy them as fast as we can when prices are right.
M3
M35:07

对,不过债券那波机会没持续太久。

Yeah, that bond thing didn't last very long.
M2
M25:09

对。

No.
M3
M35:10

但当时确实有一些完全安全的债券,收益率有百分之九甚至更高,而且赎回保护条款非常、非常好。

But there were perfectly safe bonds that yielded 9% or more with very, very fancy call protection.
M2
M25:16

对。

Yep.
M3
M35:16

那些债券里有一些已经涨了百分之二十、百分之二十五。

And some of those bonds are up 20%, 25%.
M2
M25:19

对。

Yeah.
M3
M35:20

所以机会往往藏在 A 壳下面,而你当时盯着的却是 B 壳。

So the opportunities are frequently under shell A when you're looking at shell B.
M2
M25:27

对,我们会尽量把所有壳都看看。

Yeah, we try to look at all the shells.
M3
M35:28

对,我们会的。

Yeah, we do.

我们会把所有货架都看一遍。

We look at all the shelves.
M2
M25:30

对。

Yeah.

Becky。

Becky.