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2012年股东大会 · 投资界有哪些正在发生的事情是疯狂的

49 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 5:18
F1
F10:00

这个问题来自 Bill Nolan,他是 Iowa 州 West Des Moines 的一位股东。

This question is from Bill Nolan, who's a shareholder from West Des Moines, Iowa.

他说,我们很多人都很想知道你们,也就是 Berkshire,在买什么,但你们不告诉我们。

He says, many of us are interested in what you, meaning Berkshire, are buying, and you won't tell us that.

用 Charlie 那个“反过来想,反过来想,永远反过来想”的原则,也许你们可以帮帮我们,说说什么东西该避开、该离远一点。

Using Charlie's principle of invert, invert, always invert, maybe you can help us by suggesting what to avoid and stay away from.

具体来说,今天的投资世界里,有哪些东西在你看来是愚蠢的、是风潮、是不可持续的、是疯狂的,或者就是很傻的?

Specifically, what in the investment world today strikes you as folly, fad, unsustainable, crazy, or dumb?
M1
M10:31

很多。

A lot.
M2
M20:32

对,不过我们——我想我会这么描述:首先,我们会尽量避开那些我们看不懂的东西。

Yeah, well, we— I think I would describe it as we try to stay away from the things to start with that we don't understand.

我说看不懂,不是说我不明白,某个企业到底是干什么的;我说的看懂,是指我觉得自己大致能判断出,它五年或者十年后的盈利能力和竞争地位会是什么样。

And when I say don't understand, it isn't that I don't understand, you know, what a certain business does, but when I say understand, it means that I think I have a reasonably reasonable fix on about what the earning power and competitive position will look like in 5 or 10 years.

也就是说,我对这个行业会怎么发展,以及这家公司在这个行业里会处在什么位置,是有一些概念的。

So I've got, I've got some notion of how the industry will develop and where the company will stand within the industry.

这样一来,就先排掉了一大堆东西。

Well, that eliminates a whole bunch of things.

再往后一步,就算我看得懂,如果价格离谱,那又会再排掉一大堆。

And then beyond that, if the price is crazy, even though I understand it, that eliminates another bunch.

所以最后剩下来的范围就非常小——而且当我们现在这样,手里要配置很多钱的时候,这个范围就更小了。

So you get down to a very small— universe, and you get down to a particularly small universe when we're working with lots of money, as we are now.

不过——这个,我想这么说:至少过去三十年里,我想不起来我们有哪次买过新发行的证券。是吧,Charlie?

But we— well, I would say this: I can't recall any time in the last 30 years, at least, that we've bought a new issue, have we, Charlie?
M1
M11:42

我一个也想不出来。

I can't think of one.
M2
M21:43

对,没有,没有。

No, no.

我的意思是,今天有人把一个东西拿到市场上来卖,这个卖方是可以自己选择什么时候上市的,而这个证券还会伴随着很多宣传和炒作。你要说它会是全世界成千上万家公司里,最便宜、最值得买的那一个,这根本就是胡扯。

I mean, the idea that somebody is bringing something to market today, a seller who has a choice of when to come to market, and that security, where there's going to be a lot of hoopla connected with it, is going to be the single cheapest thing to buy out of thousands and thousands and thousands of businesses in the world, is nonsense, you know.
M1
M12:06

而且如果它还带着百分之七或者更高的佣金,那就更荒唐了。

And when it carries a 7% commission or higher, it's ridiculous.
M2
M22:10

对,太荒唐了。

Yeah, it's ridiculous.

所以你知道,你知道,它不可能是最有吸引力的那个东西。

So, you know, you know, you know it can't be the most attractive thing.

当然了,人们总会对新出来的东西很兴奋,诸如此类。

Now, you know, but people get excited about what's coming and all that sort of thing.

但我可以向你保证,如果你面对的是全世界股票市场里成千上万的机会,而其中绝大多数都没有人在大力推销,也没有附带什么特别佣金之类的东西;这时候偏偏有另外一个证券在那一天上市,而且是卖方自己挑了那个时点拿出来卖,而不是像平常那样在拍卖市场里自然交易——那你连花五秒钟去想新发行证券这件事,都没有任何道理。

But I will guarantee you that, that if you have thousands of opportunities among stocks all over the world, and most of them are not being promoted or being sold with special commissions in them or something else, and then some other security is coming to market that day when the seller picks the time to bring it, as opposed to just this auction market operating otherwise, you know, it just doesn't make any sense to even be— to spend 5 seconds thinking about new issues.

所以我们不去想它们。

So we don't think about them.

还有一些行业,我们知道它们未来可能会很美好,但我们完全不知道最后谁会赢。

And we also, you know, there's industries we know they may have a wonderful future, but we don't have the faintest idea who the winners will be.

所以这些我们也不去想。

So we don't think about those either.

所以有很多很多东西,我们都是不去想的。

So there's a whole lot of things we don't think about.

而且我和 Charlie 有好几道筛选标准,任何东西都得非常快地通过这些筛子,我们才愿意花时间去想。

And we have a— Charlie and I have a number of filters that things have to get through very quickly before we're willing to think about them.

有时候别人会觉得我们很不礼貌。

And sometimes we're thought of as rude.

可能 Charlie 比我更经常被人这么觉得一点。

Probably Charlie's thought of that way a little more often than I am.

有时候别人觉得我们不礼貌,是因为他们会打电话给我们,开始给我们讲某个想法,但那个东西连第一道或者第二道筛子都过不了。

Sometimes we're thought of as rude because people will call us and they start explaining some idea to us, and it just doesn't make it through the first filter or 2.

所以我们就会觉得,如果我们只是礼貌地说一句,我们对此完全没兴趣,也不想让你把这句话讲完,其实是在替他们节省时间。

And so we just, we think we're saving their time if we just politely say, you know, that we just have no interest, and we don't want to have you finish the sentence.

不过我们确实就是这么做的,对吧,Charlie?

But we do that, don't we, Charlie?
F1
F13:45

对。

Yes.
M2
M23:45

真正有效的事,我们其实不用做很多件。

We don't have to do very many things that work.

我是说,这就是这个行业美妙的地方。

I mean, that's the beauty of this business.

你不用会拼五百个单词之类的,才能一路走到拼字比赛最后,然后打败所有人。

You don't have to be able to spell 500 words or something to get to the end of the spelling bee and beat everybody else.

你只需要时不时做对一两件事,别犯大错,然后偶尔有那么一次结果特别好,办法其实就是这样,你最后就会拿到不错的结果。

You just have to do one or two things every now and then where you don't make a big mistake and where every now and then one works out real well, and the solution is, you know, you'll get a good result.

你不能出大灾难。

You can't have a big disaster.

我的意思是,这个嘛,你知道,这就是我们努力避免的事。

I mean, you just, you know, that is, that's what we try to avoid.

我们绝不希望 Berkshire 的净资产损失掉一个相当大的比例,到目前为止我们也没有发生过。

We do not ever want to lose a significant percentage of Berkshire's net worth, and so far we haven't.
M1
M14:22

我觉得有几个小经验法则。

I think there are a couple of little rules of thumb.

如果里面的佣金特别高,直接算了。

If it's got a really large commission in it, forget it.

连看都别看,因为别人付很高的佣金来给你带来巨大优势,这种可能性是非常低的。

Don't read it, because the chances somebody is paying a very high commission to give you a big advantage is very low.

还有一点,我觉得反过来看也挺有帮助的,就是可以去看看其他聪明人在买什么。

And the other thing that is, I think, helpful in reverse is, is a place to look, looking at things that other smart people are buying.

这不是什么疯狂的搜索方法。

That is not a crazy search method.

它只是一个筛选你可以考虑的机会的工具。

It's a sorting device for opportunities to consider.
M2
M25:02

以前我看 Graham-Newman 的时候——Graham-Newman 的报告一出来,我就会立刻拿来看。

Graham-Newman, when I used to look at—I grabbed the Graham-Newman reports as fast as they would come out.

对,当然。

Yeah, sure.

你知道,如果 Graham-Newman 在做什么,那绝对值得我花时间去看看。

You know, if Graham-Newman was doing something, it was certainly worth my time to look at.
M1
M15:14

现在,Warren 让很多他根本不认识的人都变富了。

Now, Warren has made a lot of people rich he doesn't even know.

他们就是照着他抄。

He just copied him.