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1996年股东大会 · 巴菲特:我喜欢能够看到20年后的行业和公司

40 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:13
M1
M10:00

我是来自伦敦的 Joe Condon。

I'm Joe Condon from London.

关于我的问题,Buffett 先生和 Munger 先生在年报里,还有之前这里的会议上,其实都回答过。

Both Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger have addressed my question in annual reports and at previous meetings here.

这是我第一次来。

This is my first time.

我的问题跟投资几只很棒的高科技股票有关。

It has to do with investment in a few great high-technology stocks.

我知道你们的回答一直是,如果你不了解它——而我自己确实不了解;不过听了刚才这番表现之后,我也实在很难相信你们两位会不懂大多数高科技方面的问题——但我想的不只是 Microsoft,还比如说 Pfizer 和 J&J,这三家公司都已经证明了,它们不光有很棒的产品,也有经过十年到十五年验证的管理层,还有很强的市场份额地位,而且这种地位不是那么容易被别人打进去的。坦白说,就算拿 Coca-Cola 来比,举个例子,我也看不出它们在市盈率上有多大的差别。

I know your answer has been that if you don't understand it— and I can't, after this performance, can't really believe that both of you don't understand most of the high-technology questions, but I'm thinking about not only Microsoft but say Pfizer and J&J, all 3 companies which have already proven that not only do they have a great product, proven management over 10 to 15 years, great market share positions which are not easy to get into, and I frankly don't see a big difference in the P/E ratios, for example, if you say Coca-Cola.

或者说,跟 Johnson & Johnson 或者 Pfizer 这样非常强大的公司相比。

Or, you know, against Johnson & Johnson or Pfizer, which are very powerful companies.

所以我想请你们其中一位,或者两位,都再谈谈这个问题。

I wonder if either or both of you would address that question again.
M2
M21:04

Charlie,你来说说吧?

Charlie, why don't you?
M3
M31:09

如果你有某样东西,你觉得自己看得懂,而且在你看来非常有吸引力,我们认为,去做你看得懂的东西,是很聪明的。

If you have something you think you understand that looks very attractive to you, we think it's smart to do what you understand.

如果我们没法凭着自己这点有限的本事找到公司,那我们很可能也早就跑去担心那些东西了。

If we'd been unable to find companies with slender talents, we well might have been in the worrit too.

我们并不是瞧不起这个。

We don't sneer at it.

其他一些更有天分的人,已经发现那是一条非常好的路。

Other people with more talent have found that a wonderful course of action.
M2
M21:37

我们觉得,变化这个东西——很可能是对我们不利的。

We feel change works— is likely to work against us.

我们没有很强的能力——至少我们不认为自己有很强的能力——去预测变化最后会把事情带到哪里。

We do not have great ability— we do not think we have great ability to predict where change is going to lead.

但我们觉得自己多少有点能力,能找到那些我们认为变化不会那么重要的生意。

We think we have some ability to find businesses where we don't think change is going to be very important.

比如说 Gillette,十年后的产品会比现在更好,二十年后的产品也会比十年后更好。

Now, at Gillette, the product is going to be better 10 years from now than now, or 20 years from now than 10 years from now.

你们前面也看到了那些老广告,一路可以追溯到 Blue Blade 那个年代,诸如此类的。

You saw those earlier ads going back to the— going back to the Blue Blade and all that.

Blue Blade 在当时看起来很棒,但他们一直在进步——剃须技术会变得越来越好。

The Blue Blade seemed great at the time, but they keep— the shaving technology gets better and better.

但你也知道,Gillette 虽然在六十年代初跟 Wilkinson 有过那一点小插曲,不过你也知道,Gillette 基本上会投入远远多得多的钱,去开发比现在更好的剃须系统,这方面跟任何其他公司比都是如此。

But you know that Gillette, although they had that little experience with Wilkinson in the early '60s, but you know that Gillette is basically going to be spending many multiples of the money on developing better shaving systems than exist now compared to anyone else.

你知道他们有分销体系。

You know they got the distribution system.

他们有公信力。

They got the believability.

如果是在别的地方,他们未必——他们未必会有同样的可信度;但在剃须这个领域,他们有。

If they wouldn't— they don't have— they wouldn't have that same credibility someplace else, but in the shaving field they have it.

这些都是没法凭空建起来的资产,而且也非常难被摧毁。

Those are assets that can't be built and they're very hard to destroy.

所以对于变化,我们觉得自己大体上知道,十年或二十年后,软饮料行业、剃须行业,或者糖果生意,会是什么样子。

So change, we think we know in a general way what the soft drink industry or the shaving industry or the candy business is going to look like 10 or 20 years from now.

我们认为 Microsoft 是一家了不起的公司,由最优秀的管理者在经营,但我们并不知道,十年或二十年后,那个世界会是什么样。

We think Microsoft is a sensational company run by the best of managers, but we don't have any idea what that world is going to look like in 10 or 20 years.

当然,如果你非要押注某个人,赌他能看得更远,做成我们自己做不到的事,那我宁愿押 Bill Gates,也不会押别人。

Now, if you're going to bet on somebody that is going to see out and do what we can't do ourselves, I'd rather bet on Bill Gates than anybody else.

但是——我不想押别人。

But that— I don't want to bet on anybody else.

我的意思是,归根结底,我们希望自己就能明白,一门生意会往哪里走。

I mean, in the end, we want to understand ourselves where we think a business is going.

如果有人告诉我们,这门生意会发生很大的变化——Wall Street 很喜欢这么跟你说——他们会说,那是很好的机会。

And if somebody tells us the business is going to change a lot, in Wall Street they love to tell you that, you know, that's great opportunity.

顺便说一句,要是 Wall Street 自己将要发生很大变化,他们可不会觉得那是什么好机会。

They don't think it's a great opportunity when Wall Street itself is going to change a lot, incidentally.
M3
M33:33

但是——。

But—.
M2
M23:34

而且你知道,对他们来说,这是个很好的机会。

And they, you know, it's a great opportunity.

我们根本不觉得这是什么机会。

We don't think it's an opportunity at all.

我的意思是,这会把我们吓坏了,因为我们不知道它会怎么发展,不知道事情会怎么变化。

I mean, we, we, it scares the hell out of us because we don't know how it's going to, how things are going to change.

我们看的都是这种,你知道,人们嚼 chewing gum 的时候,我们大概很清楚二十年前他们是怎么嚼的,二十年后又会怎么嚼。

We are looking, you know, when people are chewing chewing gum, we have a pretty good idea what, how they chewed it 20 years ago and how they'll chew it 20 years from now.

而且你知道,我们也确实看不出来,在嚼这件事的门道里会有多少 technology。

And we don't really see a lot of technology going into the art of the chew, you know.

所以,既然我们没必要去做那些别的判断,那我们到底为什么要去做呢?

So that, and as long as we don't have to make those other decisions, why in the world should we?

我的意思是,你知道,那个,太多事情是我们不知道的。

I mean, you know, if I, that, uh, all kinds of things we don't know.

所以,既然我们可以去押注那些简单的东西,为什么还要到处去押注那些我们根本不懂的东西呢?

And so why go around trying to bet on things we don't know when we can bet on the simple things?

第一区。

Zone one.