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2002年股东大会 · 当投资出现失误时,巴菲特这样反思自己

69 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 6:16
M1
M10:00

大家下午好。

Good afternoon.
M2
M20:01

大家下午好。

Good afternoon.
M1
M10:01

我是来自 Massachusetts 州 Chelmsford 的 Mike Bean。

Mike Bean from Chelmsford, Massachusetts.

我注意到,在年报里你们对 Dexter 做了一笔减记,并把它放在 H.H.

I noticed in the annual report that you took a charge-off for Dexter and put it under the management of H.H.

Brown 的管理之下。

Brown.

然后我回想了一下,我记得你在一九八五年写过你们关闭纺织业务时经历的整个过程。

And I was thinking back, I believe in 1985 you wrote about the process you went through in closing the textile business.

所以我想问问,你能不能详细讲讲,这次的情况有什么不同。

And I was wondering if you could elaborate how this situation is different.

我记得你当时提到,在纺织业务里,尽管管理层非常优秀,但还是没法让这些资产获得经济上的回报。

I believe you indicated in the textile business that despite excellent management, it wasn't possible to earn an economic return on the assets.

对。

Yeah.
M2
M20:33

你刚才是说,我们对 H.H.

Did you say that we took a charge-off on H.H.

Brown 做了减记吗?

Brown?
M1
M10:36

不,我是想说,我们对 Dexter 做了减记。

No, I meant to say we took a charge-off on Dexter.
M2
M20:38

哦,Dexter。

Oh, Dexter.

对,没错。

Yeah, absolutely.

对,我们在 Dexter 上亏了非常大一笔钱,这要归功于我做的一个愚蠢决定,甚至可能是好几个愚蠢决定。

Yeah, we lost a very significant amount of money on Dexter thanks to a dumb decision that I made, and maybe several dumb decisions.

我是说,这个行业大规模地转移到海外去了。

And I mean, that is a business that went offshore in a huge way.

这个国家生产——或者说使用——的鞋子,接近十二亿双。

There are close to 1.2 billion pairs of shoes made in—or used in this country.

我一直都搞不明白他们这个数字是怎么算出来的。

I never can figure out how they get to that number.

我是说,我大概五年才穿坏一双鞋,可平均到每个男人、女人和孩子头上,得有四双。

I mean, I use a pair about every 5 years, but 4 for every man, woman, and child.

我也不知道。

I don't know.

但数字就是这样。

But that's the number.

而且,你知道,我不知道现在是不是百分之五,不过大概就是这个量级,是在这个国家生产的;与此同时,几十万个工作岗位也随着这个行业转移到海外去了。

And, you know, I don't know whether it's 5% now, but it's something in that area, are made in this country, and hundreds of thousands of jobs have gone offshore with that.
M1
M11:21

对。

Yeah.
M2
M21:21

你也知道,纺织业在这个国家几乎已经被摧毁了。

The textile business, as you know, has gotten almost destroyed in this country.

我是说,像 Burlington 这样的公司都破产了,你知道,这原本是一家很棒的公司,花了很多钱来让他们的工厂保持最新状态,诸如此类。

I mean, you have somebody like Burlington go into bankruptcy, you know, wonderful company, spent lots of money on keeping their plants up to date and all of that sort of thing.

但到头来,如果你的小时工资成本是别人的十倍,那你再优秀也很难竞争得过。

But in the end, you know, if you're paying 10 times as much per hour for labor as somebody else, it's awfully hard to be that good.
M3
M31:46

对。

Yeah.
M2
M21:47

现在家具制造业也在发生同样的事情。

That's going on in furniture manufacturing now too.

我们有不少家具零售商,你知道,Bill Child 或者 Irv Blumkin 现在也经常去 Orient。

We have a number of furniture retailers and, you know, Bill Child or Irv Blumkin will go over to the Orient fairly frequently now.

我们会买——我们买了很多从那边来的家具,而且这个趋势正在非常明显地朝那个方向发展。

We'll buy—we buy a lot of furniture that comes from there, and that trend is moving in that direction in a very significant way.

你的问题是——你的问题是不是说,为什么 Fruit of the Loom 会不一样?

And your question is—was your question why Fruit of the Loom would be different?
M1
M12:14

对。

Yes.

不是,我只是想知道 Dexter 还有没有希望,还是说会走上同样的路。

No, I was just wondering if there's any hope for Dexter or if it's going down the same path.
M3
M32:22

哦,不会。

Oh, no.
M2
M22:23

嗯,Dexter 现在已经是 H.H.

Well, Dexter is now part of H.H.

Brown 的一部分了,而且它卖的产品绝大多数都是在海外生产的。

Brown, and it's selling product which overwhelmingly is produced abroad.

而且 H.H.

And H.H.

Brown 卖的产品里,也有相当大一部分是在美国以外生产的,当然他们现在在美国国内还是生产很多产品。

Brown sells a very significant amount of product that's produced outside the United States, although they still produce a lot of product in the United States.

不,Dexter——我们还是会有一块规模可观的鞋类业务。

No, the Dexter—we will have a significant shoe business.

鞋类业务这边,我们从 Dexter 接手的一些合同账上看是亏钱的,这些合同还会再持续一个季度。

Shoe business, we had some contracts on the books from Dexter that were unprofitable, and they will run for another quarter.

不过我们第一季度在鞋类业务上还是赚了不少钱。

But we made a fair amount of money in the shoe business in the first quarter.

Justin 赚钱了。

Justin made money.

我觉得我们的鞋类业务会没问题。

I think our shoe business will be okay.

长期来看,它不会是什么暴利生意,但我觉得我们的鞋类业务——里面的管理层非常优秀。

It won't be a bonanza over time, but I think our shoe business—we've got very good management in there.

H.H.

We've got good management at H.H.

Brown 的管理层很好。

Brown.

Justin 的管理层也很好。

We've got good management at Justin.

所以我预计,未来我们会有一块规模不小、而且盈利还算不错的鞋类业务,但如果鞋子百分之百、百分之九十,甚至百分之八十都在美国国内生产,那我们是做不到这一点的。

And I would expect that we would have a substantial and a reasonably profitable shoe business in the future, but we will not be able to do it with 100% or 90% or 80% domestic-produced shoes.

从这个角度来说——我当初为 Dexter 付出那样的价格,而且还是用那种方式支付,也就是用股票,去买一家美国本土鞋类制造商,这件事上我错得很厉害。

And in that respect—I was very wrong in paying what I did and paying it in the manner I did, which was stock in the case of Dexter, for a domestic shoe manufacturer.
M3
M33:51

对,这也说明了一个很重要的事实,就是不管你多努力去建立各种避免犯错的机制,或者努力把自己限制在能力圈之内,等等等等,你还是会犯错。

Yeah, that shows, which is important to show, that no matter how hard you work at having systems for avoiding error and practices of trying to stay within your circle of competence, etc., etc., you still make mistakes.

而且我觉得,我可以很有把握地保证,这不会是我们最后一次犯错。

And I think I can confidently promise that it won't be our last mistake.
M2
M24:21

对,这就像我们的 Blue Chip Stamps 一样。

Yeah, here's our Blue Chip Stamps.

不过,你知道,这件事你也可以再多想一层。

But, you know, you might think about this a bit too.

我们在缅因州的 Dexter 那边有很多工人,在 H.H.

We had a lot of workers up in Dexter, Maine, and we've had a lot of workers at some of the H.H.

Brown 的一些工厂里,我们也有很多工人。

Brown plants.

然后你知道,我们在财务上受了一点小损失,再靠某种国债交易策略之类的把它赚回来,那种事基本不需要什么力气,说实话也不太需要多少脑力。

And, you know, we take a little hit financially and we make it up by some trading strategy in government bonds or something like that that requires, you know, no effort and not really too much brainpower.

但你想想那些人的处境,他们花了一辈子学会一门手艺,而且就生活在那些地区,而这一切又完全不是他们的错,根本不是。

And when you think of the consequences to the people that have spent a lifetime learning one trade, you know, and who live in those areas, and through no fault of their own, none.

我的意思是,他们干得很好,他们在那里工作一直都很出色,生产效率也高。

I mean, they've done a good job, they've done a great job working there, productive.

但到头来,你知道,他们的成本是世界上其他地方的十倍甚至更多,虽然他们拿的工资其实也不算高,但成本就是别处能完成这件事的十倍。

But in the end, you know, their cost was 10 times or more, uh, and they weren't getting paid that well, but they're 10 times what it could get done for elsewhere in the world.

所以说,经济环境变化带来的这种代价,其实并不是我们真正承担了。

So we haven't really paid the price for that change in economic conditions.

我的意思是,真正受影响的是在那里工作的人,是在 Burlington 或者别的什么地方上班的人,他们的工作岗位消失了。

I mean, it's the people who work there, the people who work at Burlington or wherever, where the jobs disappear.

这也不是在支持高额关税,或者类似那种做法。

And that's no argument for huge tariffs or anything of the sort.

但是再培训也起不了多大作用。比如很多年前,很多人在我们的纺织厂工作,你要是六十岁了,而且只会说 Portuguese,那再培训也没什么用。

But retraining doesn't do much good if you worked in our textile mill, as many people did years ago, and you're 60 years old and you only speak Portuguese.
M1
M15:48

对。

Right.
M2
M25:49

或者你在 Maine 的 Dexter 工作,已经五十八岁了,我是说,再培训在这种情况下就变得有点没意义了。

Or if you work in Dexter, Maine, and you're 58, I mean, retraining, it gets kind of meaningless.

所以你知道,基本上在这种情况下,我们算是幸运的人。

So we're the lucky ones, you know, basically in these situations.

而且这确实很难,当你只会一种手艺的时候,尤其是你住在一个小镇上,没有很多别的工作机会之类的。

And it is tough when you know one trade, particularly if you live in a small town, not lots of other employment opportunities or things.

所以你知道,我们这边只是做一笔减记,可对他们来说,基本上就是人生发生了巨大的变化。

So, you know, we have a charge-off and they have a huge change in their lives, basically.

第六个。

Number 6.