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2012年股东大会 · 想做好投资,你只需要学好两门课程

43 段 · 3 位说话人 · 原片 4:36
M1
M10:00

嗨,Charlie,Warren。

Hi, Charlie and Warren.

我叫 Chris Reece。

My name is Chris Reece.

我今天是和一群来自 University of Virginia、在 Charlottesville 读 MBA 的学生一起来的。

I'm here with a group of MBA students from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.

这些年来,商学院因为近些年经济状况中的一些问题,背了不少锅。

In recent years, business schools have taken a lot of blame for some of the recent state of the economy.

你们会建议怎么改变我们国家培养商业领袖的方式?

What would you suggest to change the way that business leaders are trained in our country?
M2
M20:20

嗯,我不会——我也不知道,Charlie,我倒不觉得大多数社会问题特别该怪到商学院头上,你觉得呢?

Well, I wouldn't— I don't know, Charlie, I wouldn't blame business schools particularly for most of the ills, would you?

我觉得他们在投资这件事上,确实给学生教了很多胡扯的东西,但我不认为那是造成重大社会问题的原因。

I think they've taught the students a lot of nonsense about investments, but I don't think that's been the cause of great societal problems.

你怎么看?

What do you think?
M3
M30:37

不,不过那也算是相当大的过错。

No, but it was a considerable sin.
M2
M20:44

嗯,你要不要展开讲讲,到底哪一点更有罪——

Well, you want to elaborate on what was the more sinful—.
M3
M30:48

不,不,我觉得商学院教育是在进步的。

No, no, I think business school education is improving.
M2
M20:57

你的意思是说,原来的基础很低,所以才显得在进步,还是——

Is the implication from a low base, or—.
M3
M31:00

对。

Yes.
M2
M21:01

这一点我同意。

I'd agree with that.

不,在投资这方面,我会说,我们看到那些顶尖商学院教过的最愚蠢的东西,很可能就是——也许因为这是我们所从事的领域——就是投资这一块。

No, in investing, I would say that probably the silliest stuff that we've seen taught at major business schools probably has been— maybe it's because it's the area that we operate in— but it has been in the investment area.

我是说,让我很吃惊的是,这些学校在金融理论上总是一阵一阵地追逐各种风潮,而且通常都特别偏数学化。

I mean, it is astounding to me how the schools have focused on sort of one fad after another in finance theory, and it's usually been very mathematically based.

一旦某种东西变得非常流行,如果你还希望在教职晋升上有所进展,那几乎是不可能抗拒的。

When it's become very popular, it's almost impossible to resist if you hope to make progress in faculty advancement.

跟你那些前辈们已经认定的所谓智慧唱反调,对你的职业发展可能是很危险的。

Going against the revealed wisdom of your elders can be very dangerous to your career path.

在那些顶尖商学院里尤其是这样。

At major business schools.

还有,你知道,其实投资并没有那么复杂。

And, and, you know, really investing is not that complicated.

我的话,你知道,就开两门课。

I would have, you know, a couple of courses.

一门课讲怎么给一家企业估值,另一门课讲怎么去理解市场。

I would have a course on how to value a business, and I would have a course on how to think about markets.

我觉得,如果大家真正掌握了这两门课里的基本原则,那他们的收获会比去学一大堆像 modern portfolio theory 或者 option pricing 这样的东西要大得多。

And I think if people grasped the basic principles in those 2 courses, that they would be far better off than if they were exposed to a lot of things like modern portfolio theory or option pricing.

我是说,你知道,做投资这一行,谁真的需要 option pricing 呢?

I mean, who needs option pricing, you know, to be in an investment business?

还有,你知道,当 Ray Kroc 创办 McDonald's 的时候,我是说,他想的可不是什么 McDonald's 股票可能有什么期权价值之类的东西。

And that, you know, when, when, when people, you know, when Ray Kroc started McDonald's, I mean, he was not thinking about the option value of what the McDonald's stock might be or something.

他想的是人们会不会买汉堡,你知道,什么会让他们走进店里来,怎么把那些薯条做得跟别人不一样,诸如此类的事情。

He was thinking about whether people would buy hamburgers, you know, and what would cause them to come in and how to make those fries different than other people's and that sort of thing.
M3
M33:07

对。

Yeah.
M2
M23:09

投资教学已经完全跑偏了。

It's totally drifted away, the teaching of investments.

我有时候看看他们用的那些教材,里面其实根本没什么内容是在讲怎么给企业估值。

I look at the books that are used sometimes, and there's really nothing in there about valuing businesses.

而投资本来讲的就是这个。

And that's what investing is all about.

如果你买下企业的价格低于它本身的价值,你就会赚钱。

If you buy businesses for less than they're worth, you're going to make money.

而且如果你知道,哪些企业是你能估值的,哪些是你不能估值的——这点很关键——你就会赚钱。

And if you know the difference between the businesses that you can value and the ones that you can't value, you know, which is key, you're going to make money.

但他们一直试着把这件事弄得复杂得多,当然了,任何一个领域里的那些“大祭司”都会这么干。

But they've tried to make it a lot more difficult, and of course, that's what the high priests in any particular arena do.

他们得让普通人相信,祭司的话是必须听的。

They have to convince the laity that the priests have to be listened to.

Charlie?

Charlie?
M3
M33:53

嗯,荒唐的东西也渗透到了会计里。

Well, the folly creeps into the accounting too.

对一个你了解的大企业来说,长期限的 option,或者你了解的一家大企业的 stock,甚至是 stock market index,用 Black-Scholes 来定价并不是最合适的办法。

A very long-term option on a big business you understand, the stock of a big business that you understand, or even a stock market index should not be—the optimal way to price it is not by using Black-Scholes.

可会计行业偏偏就是这么干的。

And yet the accounting profession does that.

他们想要某种标准化的解决方案,这样他们就不用太费脑子去思考。

They want some kind of a standardized solution that requires them not to think too hard.

而且他们还真有这么一套。

And they have one.
M2
M24:31

还有谁是我们忘了冒犯的吗?

Is there anybody we've forgotten to offend?

如果有的话,请递张条子上来。

If you'll send a note up.

Carol?

Carol?